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1.
Lancet Glob Health ; 8(5): e699-e710, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32353317

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgical, anaesthetic, and obstetric (SAO) health-care system strengthening is needed to address the emergency and essential surgical care that approximately 5 billion individuals lack globally. To our knowledge, a complete, non-modelled national situational analysis based on the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery surgical indicators has not been done. We aimed to undertake a complete situation analysis of SAO system preparedness, service delivery, and financial risk protection using the core surgical indicators proposed by the Commission in Colombia, an upper-middle-income country. METHODS: Data to inform the six core surgical system indicators were abstracted from the Colombian national health information system and the most recent national health survey done in 2007. Geographical access to a Bellwether hospital (defined as a hospital capable of providing essential and emergency surgery) within 2 h was assessed by determining 2 h drive time boundaries around Bellwether facilities and the population within and outside these boundaries. Physical 2 h access to a Bellwether was determined by the presence of a motor vehicle suitable for individual transportation. The Department Administrativo Nacional de Estadística population projection for 2016 and 2018 was used to calculate the SAO provider density. Total operative volume was calculated for 2016 and expressed nationally per 100 000 population. The total number of postoperative deaths that occurred within 30 days of a procedure was divided by the total operative volume to calculate the all-cause, non-risk-adjusted postoperative mortality. The proportion of the population subject to impoverishing costs was calculated by subtracting the baseline number of impoverished individuals from those who fell below the poverty line once out-of-pocket payments were accounted for. Individuals who incurred out-of-pocket payments that were more than 10% of their annual household income were considered to have experienced catastrophic expenditure. Using GIS mapping, SAO system preparedness, service delivery, and cost protection were also contextualised by socioeconomic status. FINDINGS: In 2016, at least 7·1 million people (15·1% of the population) in Colombia did not have geographical access to SAO services within a 2 h driving distance. SAO provider density falls short of the Commission's minimum target of 20 providers per 100 000 population, at an estimated density of 13·7 essential SAO health-care providers per 100 000 population in 2018. Lower socioeconomic status of a municipality, as indicated by proportion of people enrolled in the subsidised insurance regime, was associated with a smaller proportion of the population in the municipality being within 2 h of a Bellwether facility, and the most socioeconomically disadvantaged municipalities often had no SAO providers. Furthermore, Colombian providers appear to be working at or beyond capacity, doing 2690-3090 procedures per 100 000 population annually, but they have maintained a relatively low median postoperative mortality of 0·74% (IQR 0·48-0·84). Finally, out-of-pocket expenses for indirect health-care costs were a key barrier to accessing surgical care, prompting 3·1 million (6·4% of the population) individuals to become impoverished and 9·5 million (19·4% of the population) individuals to incur catastrophic expenditures in 2007. INTERPRETATION: We did a non-modelled, indicator-based situation analysis of the Colombian SAO system, finding that it has not yet met, but is working towards achieving, the targets set by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. The observed interdependence of these indicators and correlation with socioeconomic status are consistent with well recognised factors and outcomes of social, health, and health-care inequity. The internal consistency observed in Colombia's situation analysis validates the use of the indicators and has now informed development of an early national SAO plan in Colombia, to set a data-informed stage for implementation and evaluation of timely, safe, and affordable SAO health care, within the National Public Health Decennial Plan, which is due in 2022. FUNDING: Zoll Medical.


Assuntos
Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/normas , Colômbia , Humanos , Sociedades Médicas
2.
Anest. analg. reanim ; 30(2): 13-35, dic. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-887213

RESUMO

Introducción: Las crisis en la atención de la paciente obstétrica son eventos pocos frecuentes, pero de presentarse requieren de un manejo rápido y adecuado. Actualmente hay evidencia que las listas de chequeo pueden contribuir a un mejor desenlace. Objetivo: Confeccionar una herramienta adaptada a la realidad del Uruguay que nos sirva de ayuda cognitiva frente a una situación de crisis en la población obstétrica. Métodos: El grupo de trabajo decidió cuáles era las listas de chequeo que iban a conformar el manual. Para las confección de las mismas se tuvo en cuenta las realizadas por Ariadne Labs. En cada uno de los temas se valoró la bibliografía actualizada y la evidencia de la misma. Resultados: Se realizaron 11 listas de chequeo de crisis en obstetricia, las cuales se adaptaron a los tratamientos y fármacos disponibles en nuestro país. Las mismas pueden ser descargadas en forma gratuita. Discusión y conclusiones: Luego de analizar la literatura disponible que apoya el uso de las listas de chequeo y concluye que su uso permite un mejor desenlace frente a una crisis. Dicha herramienta es una más junto con las ya existentes que puede ser de gran ayuda en una situación de crisis, pero que por sí sola no cambia el desenlace. Se presentó un manual de emergencias obstétricas con contenido claro, actualizado y adaptado a nuestro país.


Introduction: Crisis in patients in obstetrical care are unlikely events. If they occur, it is required to deal with them promptly and skillfully. Nowadays, there is evidence that checklists can help to achieve a better outcome. Objective: To create a tool suitable for the Uruguayan circumstances. This tool will provide cognitive aid in situations of crisis in the obstetric population. Methods: The work group decided on the checklists to be included in the handbook. Checklists made by Ariadne Labs were taken into consideration. Throughout all stages of this work, updated bibliography and scientific evidence were considered. Results: Eleven checklists were made on patients with obstetric crisis. These were created given the treatments and drugs available in Uruguay, moreover, they can be downloaded free of charge. Discussion and conclusions: After careful study of the available papers that supports the use of checklists, they conclude that the use of these, provide a better outcome when dealing with a crisis. In addition, there are many existing tools extremely beneficial in this situation. However, the use of checklist in isolation is not enough to guarantee a positive result. A handbook of obstetric emergency was presented featuring a clear and updated content, which is suitable to this country reality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Lista de Checagem , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto
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