I was like sh*t this is gonna hurt': Implementing Self-Sampling of Dried Blood Spots to Measure HIV Viral Load.

Background: Sexual minority men (SMM) with HIV who use stimulants may experience greater difficulties with antiretroviral therapy adherence which amplifies risk for unsuppressed HIV viral load (VL). Remote monitoring of VL could support efforts to rapidly respond to sub-optimal adherence. Methods: This qualitative study enrolled 24 SMM with HIV who use stimulants to examine experiences with two different dried blood spots (DBS) self-sampling devices (i.e., Tasso-M20 vs. HemaSpot HD) to measure VL. Participants were asked to complete self-sampling of DBS using both devices, and then participated in a 45-minute semi-structured interview. Interviews focused on ease of use, device preference, experiences with receiving and mailing kits, and barriers to participating in research. A thematic analysis was conducted to analyze interviews transcripts. Results: Twenty-two participants (92%) returned the Tasso-M20 and 21 (88%) returned the Hemaspot HD devices. Among the 22 participants that completed qualitative interviews, twenty-three codes were identified and collapsed within seven themes. Preferences for devices were based on convenience, pain and prior experiences with finger-pricking technology. Participants emphasized that clearer instructions with contingency plans for self-sampling of DBS would improve the user experience with self-sampling of DBS. Intersectional stigma (e.g., HIV, sexual minority status, and substance use) was noted as an important consideration in implementing self-sampling of DBS. Promoting decision making, or the option to choose sampling method based on personal preferences, may improve engagement and likelihood of DBS completion. Conclusions: Findings will guide the broader implementation of self-sampling of DBS to optimize VL monitoring in SMM with HIV who use stimulants.

Factores asociados al miedo a la COVID-19 previo al retorno a clases presenciales en una facultad de Medicina peruana

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al miedo a la COVID-19 en el retorno a clases presenciales en estudiantes de Medicina. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico y transversal. Por medio de un muestreo por conveniencia, se aplicó un cuestionario a 252 estudiantes de una facultad de Medicina en Huancayo, Perú. Este estuvo conformado por una primera sección de información del estudio y consentimiento informado, luego por una sección de características sociodemográficas y una última que incluía cuestionarios validados y empleados en un contexto similar como el cuestionario de miedo a la COVID-19 (FCV-19S) y aspectos psicológicos como el cuestionario DASS-21, conformado por tres subsecciones, que valoran la depresión, ansiedad y estrés en presencia y nivel. Para determinar la correlación entre las escalas, se utilizó las pruebas de Pearson. Además, se calcularon las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas por medio de modelos lineales generalizados. La significancia fue definida como un valor p <0,05. Resultados: Se obtuvo una media del puntaje de miedo a la COVID-19 de 14,99 ± 6,32 puntos y un 26,98 % de los estudiantes mostraron un nivel alto de miedo. La prevalencia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés fue de 30,95 %, 31,75 % y 28,57 %, respectivamente. En el análisis de regresión crudo, se encontró que los factores asociados al alto miedo fueron la vacunación completa (RPc: 0,64), la depresión (RPc: 1,76), la ansiedad (RPc: 2,42) y el estrés (RPc: 2,22); mientras que, en el análisis de regresión ajustado, la vacunación completa (RPc: 0,65), la confianza en las medidas propuestas por la universidad (RPa: 0,50), la confianza en las medidas del estado (RPa: 1,76) y la ansiedad (RPa: 2,18) fueron los factores asociados al alto miedo. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que cada institución educativa adquiera medidas y estrategias con el fin de brindar lugares seguros que reduzcan el contagio de la COVID-19 y en los que se pueda desarrollar un ambiente educativo óptimo.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with fear of COVID-19 prior to returning to in-person classes among medical students. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. Through convenience sampling, a questionnaire was administered to 252 students from a medical school in Huancayo, Peru. The questionnaire consisted of a first section comprising the study information and informed consent, another one devoted to the sociodemographic characteristics and a last section which included validated questionnaires used in similar contexts, such as the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and a psychological questionnaire, i.e., the DASS-21 questionnaire, made up of three subscales that assess both the presence and level of depression, anxiety and stress. To determine the correlation between the scales, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. In addition, crude and adjusted prevalence rates were calculated using generalized linear models. The significance was defined as a p value < 0.05. Results: The average fear of COVID-19 score was 14.99 ± 6.32 points and 26.98 % of the students showed a high level of fear. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 30.95 %, 31.75 % and 28.57 %, respectively. The results of the crude regression analysis indicated that the factors associated with high fear were complete vaccination (cPR: 0.64), depression (cPR: 1.76), anxiety (cPR: 2.42) and stress (cPR: 2.22). Moreover, the results of the adjusted regression analysis revealed that complete vaccination (cPR: 0.65), trust in university policies and guidelines (aPR: 0.50), trust in government policies (aPR: 1.76) and anxiety (aPR: 2.18) were factors associated with high fear. Conclusions: These results suggest that each educational institution should adopt measures and strategies to provide safe places that reduce the spread of COVID-19 and enable the development of an optimal educational environment.

Expanding APHON's Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider and Instructor Program to Spanish-Speaking Countries: Pilot Series Development and Evaluation.

Background: To address the need for standardized, comprehensive chemotherapy/biotherapy education in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses (APHON) Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider and Instructor program courses were culturally adapted, translated to Spanish, and piloted. The process of course adaptation and implementation are described. A Context, Input, Process, Product model outcomes evaluation determined: (a) differences in pass rates by test version and pilot location, (b) predictors of pass rates, (c) course appropriateness for nurses' education and practice levels, and (d) strategies for course improvements. Methods: The Spanish APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider program was piloted four times and the Instructor program twice with nurses from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, and Spain. Statistical analysis identified factors associated with pass rates. Results: Of the 203 students in four Spanish APHON Provider program courses, data from 108 students (three pilots) were analyzed (one unplanned pilot excluded for missing data). Significant predictors of pass rates included: pediatric oncology frontline nurses (OR = 9.86; 95% CI [2.56, 65.23]; p = .004), nurses dedicated to an inpatient or outpatient unit (non-rotating) (OR = 6.79 [1.29, 51.98]; p = .033), and graduation from a 5-year nursing program (OR = 5.92; 95% CI [1.30, 33.15]; p = .028). Discussion: The Spanish APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy program was determined appropriate for nurses' education and practice levels in LAC countries. Through the APHON Spanish language instructor network, pediatric oncology nurses in LAC countries have increased access to standardized, comprehensive chemotherapy/biotherapy education.

Satisfacción del usuario externo en un hospital peruano durante la pandemia por covid-19 / External user satisfaction in a peruvian hospital during the covid-19 pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: la pandemia por la COVID-19 provocó desafíos abrumadores en la prestación de servicios de atención médica a nivel mundial de diversas maneras. Por lo que la calidad de la atención durante la pandemia podría haberse visto afectada. OBJETIVO: determinar la satisfacción del usuario externo sobre la calidad de atención en el Hospital de Pampas (Huancavelica, Perú) en el contexto de pandemia durante enero a marzo de 2021. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio de diseño del tipo pretest-postest de un solo grupo. La muestra estudiada fue de 114 usuarios del Hospital de Pampas en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Para valorar la satisfacción se utilizó el cuestionario SERVQUAL, conformado por 22 preguntas de expectativas, entregadas al usuario minutos antes de su ingreso a consulta y 22 preguntas de percepciones, evaluadas luego de que el paciente fuera atendido. RESULTADOS: el mayor número de pacientes fue del género femenino (66,67%), el rango etario que predominó fue de 30 a 59 años (53,51%), la mayoría (92,98%) cuenta con Seguro Integral de Salud y el tipo de usuario más frecuente son continuadores (76,32%). Se obtuvo una satisfacción global de 56,20% que dependen básicamente de las dimensiones de la calidad: seguridad (60,75%), empatía (61,58%) y aspectos tangibles (63,38%). CONCLUSIÓN: el porcentaje de satisfacción de la calidad del usuario externo fue de 56,20%. Se debe seguir mejorando en las dimensiones con buena satisfacción e implementar estrategias para los niveles de insatisfacción.

INTRODUCTION: the COVID-19 pandemic has brought daunting challenges to the delivery of healthcare services globally in a variety of ways. So, the quality of care during the pandemic could have been affected. OBJECTIVE: to determine the satisfaction of the external user regarding the quality of care at the Pampas Hospital (Huancavelica, Peru) in the context of a pandemic from January to March 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: single group pretest-posttest design study. The sample studied was 114 users of the Pampas Hospital in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess satisfaction, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used, made up of 22 questions on expectations, given to the user minutes before entering the consultation and 22 questions on perceptions, evaluated after the patient was seen. RESULTS: the largest number of patients was female (66.67%), the predominant age range was 30 to 59 years (53.51%), most (92.98%) have Comprehensive Health Insurance. and the most frequent type of user are continuers (76.32%). An overall satisfaction of 56.20% was obtained, which basically depends on the dimensions of quality: security (60.75%), empathy (61.58%) and tangible aspects (63.38%). CONCLUSION: the percentage of satisfaction with the quality of the external user was 56.20%. You must continue to improve in the dimensions with good satisfaction and implement strategies for the levels of dissatisfaction.

Factores asociados a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad peruana / Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in medical students from a Peruvian university

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana Los Andes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Un total de 243 estudiantes del segundo al décimo ciclo respondieron un cuestionario que incluía características sociodemográficas, académicas, antecedentes médicos, familiares y personales, y el número de dosis recibidas de la vacuna contra la COVID-19. Para determinar la asociación, se utilizó las pruebas de chi cuadrado y t de Student. Resultados: La prevalencia de vacunación fue del 98,77 %, de los cuales el 61,73 % cuenta con las 3 dosis. Además, un 46,50 % de los estudiantes refirió haberse contagiado al menos una vez por la COVID-19. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que la edad (p = 0,047) y el lugar de residencia (p = 0,042) se asociaron de manera significativa con el estado de vacunación. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de vacunación fue muy alta; sin embargo, cabe resaltar que un número importante de estudiantes no recibió la dosis de refuerzo. Los factores asociados fueron la edad y la residencia. Se recomienda fomentar la vacunación en los estudiantes debido a la proximidad del retorno a las clases presenciales y su influencia en la opinión pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in medical students from Universidad Peruana Los Andes. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. A total of 243 secondto tenth-academic term students completed a questionnaire about sociodemographic and academic characteristics, family and personal medical history, and the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received. To determine the association, chi-square test and Student's t-test were used. Results: Vaccination coverage was 98.77 %, out of which 61.73 % had three doses. In addition, 46.50 % of the students reported having been infected with COVID-19 at least once. The bivariate analysis showed that age (p = 0.047) and place of residence (p = 0.042) were significantly associated with the vaccination status. Conclusions: Although vaccination coverage was very high, it should be noted that a great number of students did not receive booster doses. The associated factors were age and place of residence. It is recommended to encourage vaccination in students due to the proximity of the return to in-person classes and its influence on public opinion.

Características clínicas del sistema digestivo en COVID-19 / Clinical characteristics of the digestive system in COVID-19 cases

RESUMEN En un principio, las afectaciones del sistema digestivo no fueron evidentes entre los pacientes que padecían la enfermedad inicial en Wuhan, China. Solo el 2,6 % tenía diarrea y el 2 %, enfermedades crónicas del hígado. El virus ingresa a las células mediante los receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE-2). Estudios recientes han demostrado que el receptor de ACE-2 (que regula principalmente la flora intestinal) es esencial para las células infectadas por COVID-19, lo cual está altamente expresado no solo en las células AT2 del pulmón, sino también en los enterocitos del íleon y del colon. Estos resultados confirmaron que el tubo gastrointestinal puede ser una ruta potencial para la infección por COVID-19. Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, la revisión de la literatura biomédica de MEDLINE, de revistas científicas y literatura en línea sobre las manifestaciones gastrointestinales en la infección por la COVID-19. Se concluye que las manifestaciones gastrointestinales se presentan en la enfermedad por la COVID-19, por lo cual es importante conocerlas para establecer un tratamiento oportuno.

ABSTRACT At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, digestive problems were not evident among patients suffering from the initial disease in Wuhan, China: only 2.6 % had diarrhea and 2 % chronic liver disease. The virus enters the cells through the receptors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Recent studies have shown that the ACE2 receptor (which mainly regulates the intestinal flora) is essential for COVID-19-infected cells and is highly expressed not only in the AT2 cells but also in the enterocytes of the ileum and colon. These results confirmed that the gastrointestinal tract may be a potential route for COVID-19 infection. A bibliographic search, which consisted of a review of biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals and online sources on gastrointestinal manifestations during COVID-19 infection, was carried out in PubMed. It is concluded that gastrointestinal manifestations occur during COVID-19 infection, so it is important to know them for providing a timely treatment.

Síndrome de Cotard en trastorno depresivo recurrente: reporte de caso / Cotard Syndrome in recurrent depressive disorder: case report

El Síndrome de Cotard también conocido como delirio de negación o nihilista, fue descrito por el neurólogo francés Julius Cotard en junio de 1880. Desde esa época hasta fines del siglo XX se ha reportado en la literatura científica aproximadamente 100 casos. Que presentaban sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa, delusiones nihilistas concernientes al cuerpo y a la existencia, delusiones hipocondriacas y de inmortalidad, así como alucinaciones auditivas y visuales. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 73 años, natural de Ayacucho, con antecedentes de agresión sexual a los 12 años, y episodios de intento de suicidio en dos oportunidades, siendo diagnosticada de depresión a los 40 años, recibió tratamiento con quetiapina, trazadona y clonazepam. Se mantuvo con evolución fluctuante, empeoraron sus síntomas con factores estresantes como el fallecimiento de su mamá, esposo y cirugías a las que fue sometida. Actualmente presenta ánimo triste y ansioso, llanto diario, ideas de culpa, minusvalía y tanáticas, insomnio de conciliación, delusiones nihilistas concernientes al cuerpo, refiriendo que su estómago y vejiga no funciona, por tal motivo no desea comer ni ingerir agua. Debido al rechazo total a ingesta de alimentos e ideación suicida persistente fue hospitalizada para recibir tratamiento psiquiátrico y soporte nutricional.

The Cotard Syndrome, also known as delirium of negation or nihilistic delirium, was described by the French neurologist, Julius Cotard, on June 1880. From that time until the end of the 20th century, in scientific literature, approximately 100 cases were reported that presented symptoms of depression, anxiety, nihilist delusions concerning the body and existence, hypochondriacal and immortality delusions, as well as auditory and visual hallucinations. We present the case of a female patient, 73-years old, from Ayacucho, with a history of sexual assault at the age of 12 and suicidal attempts on 2 occasions, diagnosed with depression at 40 years of age, received treatment with quetiapine, trazadone and clonazepam. She remained with fluctuating medical progress, with symptoms worsening with stressors such as the death of her mother and husband and when she underwent surgeries. Currently, she presents sad and anxious mood, daily crying, ideas of guilt, disability and death, insomnia of conciliation, nihilistic delusive ideas concerning the body, referring that her stomach and bladder do not work, reason why she doesn't want to eat or drink water. Due to the total refusal of food intake and persistent suicidal ideation, she was hospitalized to receive psychiatric treatment and nutritional support. It is concluded that there are few cases reported on the use of psychotherapy in Cotard's syndrome. Therefore, this case in which psychotherapy was indicated to reduce anxious-affective symptoms, to avoid isolation of the person and to redirect his personal and social life, is important.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en personal militar joven con diagnóstico Covid 19 - Perú / Skin Manifestations In Young Military Personnel Diagnosed With Covid 19 - Peru

La enfermedad por coronavirus es una infección del tracto respiratorio altamente contagioso causado por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave. La infección se ha divulgado para demostrar diferentes tipos de manifestaciones cutáneas incluyendo lesiones urticariales, maculopapulares, papulovesiculares, purpuricas, livedoides, y trombótica-isquémica. Dada la alta tasa de mortalidad de la infección, la identificación oportuna y precisa de las manifestaciones cutáneas puede desempeñar un papel clave en el diagnóstico y manejo tempranos.Las manifestaciones cutáneas son comunes en infecciones virales, en el caso de la enfermedad por coronavirus se han reportado diversas manifestaciones, entre ellas las más comunes son: erupción morbilliforme, urticaria, erupciones vesiculares, lesiones acrales, y erupciones livedoides. Algunas de estas manifestaciones cutáneas surgen antes de los signos y síntomas más comúnmente asociados con COVID-19, lo que sugiere que podrían estar presentando signos de COVID-19.Los informes bibliográficos mostraron una gran heterogeneidad en las manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas a COVID-19, así como en sus períodos de latencia y los síntomas extracutáneos asociados. Se desconocen los mecanismos patógenos, aunque se han hipotetizado las funciones de una respuesta inmune hiperactiva, la activación del complemento y la lesión microvascular. Basándonos en nuestra experiencia y los datos bibliográficos, subdividimos las lesiones cutáneas notificadas en seis patrones clínicos principales: (I) erupción urticarial; (II) erupción eritematosa-maculopapular-morbilliforme confluente; (III) exantema papulovesicular; (IV) patrón acral similar a la chilblain; (V) patrón livedo reticularis­livedo racemosa-like; y (VI) patrón "vasculítico" purpúrico. Estos seis patrones se pueden fusionar en dos grupos principales: el primero - inflamatorio y exantematoso - incluye los tres primeros grupos mencionados anteriormente, y el segundo incluye las lesiones vasculopáticas y vasculíticas de los últimos tres grupos.Podemos concluir que las manifestaciones cutáneas son similares a la afectación cutánea que ocurre durante las infecciones virales comunes.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The infection has been reported to demonstrate different types of skin manifestations including urticarial, maculopapular, papulovesicular, purpuric, livedoid, and thrombotic-ischemic lesions. Given the high mortality rate of the infection, timely and accurate identification of relevant skin manifestations can play a key role in early diagnosis and management.Skin manifestations, a well-known effect of viral infections, are beginning to be reported in patients with COVID-19 disease. These manifestations most often are morbilliform rash, hives, vesicular rashes, acral lesions, and livedoid rashes. Some of these skin manifestations arise before the signs and symptoms most commonly associated with COVID-19, suggesting that they may be showing signs of COVID-19 Bibliographic reports showed great heterogeneity in the skin manifestations associated with COVID-19, as well as in their latency periods and associated extracutaneous symptoms. Pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although the functions of an overactive immune response, complement activation and microvascular injury have been hypothesized. Based on our experience and bibliographic data, we subdivide reported skin lesions into six main clinical patterns: (I) urticarial rash; (II) erythematous-maculopapular-morbilliforma confluent rash; (III) papulovesicular exanthemum; (IV) chilblain-like acral pattern; (V) livedo reticularis­livedo racemosa-like pattern; and (VI) purpurico "vasculytic" pattern. These six patterns can be fused into two main groups: the first ­ inflammatory and exanthemum ­ includes the first three groups mentioned above, and the second includes vasculopathic and vasculytic lesions of the last three groups.We can conclude that skin manifestations are similar to skin involvement that occurs during common viral infections.

Comparación de las escalas APACHE II y BISAP en el pronóstico de pancreatitis aguda en un hospital del Perú / Comparison Of The APACHE II And BISAP Scales In The Prognosis Of Acute Pancreatitis In A Hospital Of Peru

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda continúa siendo una enfermedad con morbilidad y mortalidad significativas. Se diagnostica mediante criterios clínicos y el proceso inflamatorio puede llegar hasta una falla de órganos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar las escalas de APACHE II y BISAP en el desarrollo de falla orgánica en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda de un hospital público del Perú. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de validación de prueba diagnóstica. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados con el diagnostico de pancreatitis aguda en el servicio de Medicina Interna y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se aplicó las escalas APACHE II y BISAP, se calculó la curva ROC, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el SPSSv23. Resultados: Se evaluaron 146 historias de pacientes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0.957 para BISAP y 0.996 para APACHE II; con una sensibilidad y especificidad para APACHE II de 83% y 99%, para BISAP de 66% y 99%. El valor predictivo positivo y negativo para APACHE II es 83% and 99% y para BISAP 80% y 98%. Conclusiones: La escala de APACHE II fue superior para detectar falla de órganos. Se determinó que ambas escalas poseen alta especificidad, siendo mayor la sensibilidad en la escala BISAP.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis continue to be a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. It is diagnosed by clinical criteria and the inflammatory process can lead to organ failure. The objective of the present study was to compare the scales of APACHE II and BISAP in the development of organic failure in acute pancreatitis from a public hospital of Perú. Pacients and methods: An analytical from validation of a diagnostic test. There were clinical records of patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the Internal Medicine service and the Intensive Care Unit were evaluated. The APACHE II and BISAP scales were applied and the ROC curve, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive and negative predictive value was calculated for each one. SPSSv23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Were reviewed 146 stories that met the inclusion criteria. An area under the curve of 0.957 was obtained for BISAP and 0.996 for APACHE II; with a sensitivity and specificity for APACHE II of 83% and 99%, for BISAP of 66% and 99%. In addition, the positive and negative predictive value for APACHE II is 83% and 99% , for BISAP 80% and 98% . Conclusion: The APACHE II scale was superior for detecting organ failure. It was determined that both scales have high specificity, however the APACHE II scale presented a higher sensitivity than the BISAP scale.

Apendicitis aguda en malrotación intestinal. Reporte de caso / Acute Appendicitis In Intestinal Malrotation. Case Report

La malrotación intestinal es una anormalidad congénita de la rotación embriológica del intestino, se estima que más del 90% de pacientes con malrotación intestinal se presentará en los primeros 12 meses de vida. La presentación clínica en adultos se manifiesta de forma progresiva que ocurre generalmente durante el periodo postprandial, presentándose: vómitos intermitentes, dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso, diarrea crónica, peritonitis, intolerancia alimentaria, entre otros. El tratamiento dependerá de la presentación, ya sea aguda o crónica, requiriendo laparotomía de emergencia para determinar la causa. Se presenta un caso de abdomen agudo quirúrgico por apendicitis aguda en una paciente mujer de 27 años con malrotación intestinal, con presentación clínica inicial de dolor abdominal intenso, diarrea, puño percusión lumbar positiva, que finalmente llegó a una resolución adecuada y un buen pronóstico.

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormality of the embryological rotation of the intestine, it is estimated that more than 90% of patients with intestinal malrotation will be presented in the first 12 months of life. The clinical presentation in adults is manifested in a progressive way that usually occurs during the postprandial period, presenting: intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, peritonitis, food intolerance, among Another. Treatment will depend on presentation, either acute or chronic, requiring emergency laparotomy to determine the cause. There is a case of acute surgical abdomen for acute appendicitis in a 27-year-old patient with intestinal malrotation, with initial clinical presentation of severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, positive lumbar percussion fist, which finally reached a Proper resolution and a good prognosis.

Satisfacción del usuario del servicio de medicina interna sobre la calidad de atención en el Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo ­ Perú / Patient Satisfaction And Quality Of Care Of The Internal Medicine Service Of Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Huancayo - Perú

Introducción: La satisfacción del usuario es un indicador de calidad de atención prestada en losservicios de salud. Conocer el nivel de satisfacción permitirá mejorar falencias y reafirmar fortalezas afin de desarrollar un sistema de salud que brinde la atención de calidad que los pacientes demandan.Objetivo: Determinar la satisfacción de la calidad del servicio de los usuarios de consulta externode medicina interna del hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión - Huancayo, de julio a noviembre del 2016.Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por292 pacientes. La calidad del servicio del sistema de salud en función de la satisfacción del usuario semidió mediante el cuestionario estandarizado SERVQUAL. Resultados: El 57% de la muestra fue desexo femenino, el rango de edades de los participantes osciló entre 36 a 45 años. Asímismo, el 36% delos usuarios contaba con educación secundaria completa y el 63% fueron pacientes continuadores.Se obtuvo una satisfacción global de 60,3%. Los valores porcentuales dependieron básicamentede las dimensiones seguridad y empatía con 86,8 % y 80,3 % de satisfacción respectivamente. Elmayor nivel de insatisfacción la obtuvo la dimensión de aspectos tangibles con el 57,1 % de usuariosinsatisfechos, seguida de la dimensión de capacidad de respuesta de los servicios de salud con el55,5% de insatisfacción. Conclusión: El sistema de salud debe implementar estrategias de mejora delos servicios de atención con el fin de proporcionar una atención oportuna y de calidad a los usuarios.

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is an indicator of the quality of care provided in health services.Knowing the level of satisfaction will improve deficiencies and reaffirm strengths to develop a healthsystem that provides the quality care that patients demand. Objective: To determine the satisfactionof the quality of service of patients of external Internal Medicine consultation of Hospital Daniel AlcidesCarrión - Huancayo, from July to November 2016. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectionalstudy. The sample consisted of 292 patients. The quality of service in the health system according topatient satisfaction was measured using the standardized SERVQUAL questionnaire. Results: 57% ofthe sample was female, the ages of the participants ranged from 36 to 45 years. Similarly, 36% of usershad complete secondary education and 63% were continuing patients. Overall satisfaction was 60.3%.The percentage values depended on the dimensions of safety and empathy with 86.8% and 80.3%satisfaction, respectively. The highest level of dissatisfaction was obtained by the dimension of tangibleaspects with 57.1% of dissatisfied users, followed by the dimension of responsiveness of health serviceswith 55.5% of dissatisfaction. Conclusions: the health system must implement strategies to improvecare services to provide timely and quality care to users.

Pharmacoeconomic study comparing carbetocin with oxytocin for the prevention of hemorrhage following cesarean delivery in Lima, Peru.

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the main causes of maternal death. Oxytocin has traditionally been used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. AIM: To compare oxytocin with carbetocin, a long-acting analog of oxytocin, for prevention of uterine hemorrhage after cesarean delivery. MATERIALS & METHODS: Clinical data were retrieved from the 2012 Cochrane meta-analysis "Carbetocin for preventing postpartum hemorrhage". A decision tree was constructed. The direct costs were those of medications from the Peruvian official price list (DIGEMID). Costs associated with additional oxytocic drugs, blood transfusions, postpartum hemorrhage kits and hysterectomy were obtained from Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. The perspective of the study was that of the payer. The time horizon for calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was 1 year (2015). RESULTS: Patients who received carbetocin required fewer additional uterotonic agents, had fewer hemorrhages and received fewer blood transfusions. Therefore, the costs associated with these interventions were lower. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was S/. 49,918 per QALY gained, which is lower than the threshold we estimated for Peru. CONCLUSION: Carbetocin is more cost-effective than oxytocin for prevention of uterine hemorrhage after cesarean delivery.

[Abdominal tuberculosis, a diagnostic dilemma: report of a series of cases]. / Tuberculosis abdominal, un dilema diagnóstico: reporte de una serie de casos.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the most common non-pulmonary tuberculosis infection sites, and it relates to immunosuppression. The nonspecific features of this form of tuberculosis make an accurate diagnosis difficult. The aim of this study is to report seven (7) patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis requiring surgery at the Clinical Hospital of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of seven cases of abdominal tuberculosis treated in our center between August 2001 and June 2013 was performed to characterize its clinical presentation and diagnostic elements. RESULTS: Four men and three women (29-68 years old) were diagnosed and operated on for abdominal tuberculosis: three had the peritoneal form of tuberculosis, two had a lymph nodal form and two had the intestinal form. In three cases, abdominal tuberculosis was associated with immunosuppression (HIV and rheumatoid arthritis treatment) and six cases presented with wasting syndrome of at least one month duration. Three patients had an acute presentation with signs of intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis was made by surgical biopsy. Of the seven patients, who underwent surgery, three required bowel resection for intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion for an early diagnosis, especially in populations at risk.

INTRODUCCIÓN : La tuberculosis abdominal es una de las variantes extrapulmonares más frecuentes. Se relaciona a estados de inmunodepresión y, dado su cuadro clínico inespecífico, su diagnóstico es difícil. Nuestro objetivo es presentar una serie de siete casos diagnosticados de tuberculosis abdominal que requirieron cirugía en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los siete casos de tuberculosis abdominal operados en nuestro centro entre agosto de 2001 y junio de 2013, caracterizando su presentación clínica y elementos diagnósticos requeridos. RESULTADOS: Cuatro hombres y tres mujeres (entre 29 y 68 años) fueron diagnosticados y operados de tuberculosis abdominal: tres en su forma peritoneal, dos ganglionar y dos intestinal. En tres casos la tuberculosis abdominal se asoció a inmunosupresión (VIH y artritis reumatoide en tratamiento) y en seis casos se presentó con síndrome consuntivo de al menos un mes de evolución. Tres pacientes tuvieron una presentación aguda con signos de obstrucción intestinal. El diagnóstico fue realizado mediante biopsia quirúrgica. Los siete pacientes fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente, tres de ellos requirieron resección intestinal en el contexto de obstrucción intestinal. CONCLUSIÓN: La tuberculosis abdominal requiere de un alto índice de sospecha, principalmente en población de riesgo, para un diagnóstico oportuno.

Drug Treated Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective and Bipolar Disorder Patients Evaluated by qEEG Absolute Spectral Power and Mean Frequency Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Research of electroencephalograph (EEG) power spectrum and mean frequency has shown inconsistent results in patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders during medication when compared to normal subjects thus; the characterization of these parameters is an important task. METHODS: We applied quantitative EEG (qEEG) to investigate 38 control, 15 schizophrenic, 7 schizoaffective and 11 bipolar disorder subjects which remaine under the administration of psychotropic drugs (except control group). Absolute spectral power (ASP), mean frequency and hemispheric electrical asymmetry were measured by 19 derivation qEEG. Group mean values were compared with non parametrical Mann-Whitney test and spectral EEG maps with z-score method at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Most frequent drug treatments for schizophrenic patients were neuroleptic+antiepileptic (40% of cases) or 2 neuroleptics (33.3%). Schizoaffective patients received neuroleptic+benzodiazepine (71.4%) and for bipolar disorder patients neuroleptic+antiepileptic (81.8%). Schizophrenic (at all derivations except for Fp1, Fp2, F8 and T6) and schizoaffective (only at C3) show higher values of ASP (+57.7% and +86.1% respectively) compared to control group. ASP of bipolar disorder patients did not show differences against control group. The mean frequency was higher at Fp1 (+14.2%) and Fp2 (+17.4%) in bipolar disorder patients than control group, but no differences were found in frequencies between schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients against the control group. Majority of spectral differences were found at the left hemisphere in schizophrenic and schizoaffective but not in bipolar disorder subjects. CONCLUSION: The present report contributes to characterize quantitatively the qEEG in drug treated schizophrenic, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder patients.

Affective disorder and hyperandrogenism.

A 40-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder did not present any physical evidence of virilization, treated with quetiapine and lithium carbonate. Laboratory testing showed evidence of hyperandrogenism (Testosterone levels 88.5ng/dL). After control, testosterone levels were normal (free testosterone 0.20 pg/ml, total testosterone 27.90ng/dl), as free thyroxine levels decreased (T4 0.83ng/dl) and increased progesterone levels (progesterone 3.80ng/ml). We consider an association between increased androgenic hormone levels in women, quetiapine and lithium carbonate treatment as well as the presence of an affective disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Some relevant patents are also outlined in this review.

Pituitary microadenoma treated with antipsychotic drug aripiprazole.

Male patient 24 years old with a pituitary microadenoma and mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances (cocaine, cannabis and alcohol) were treated with haloperidol (dopamine receptor blocker) 10 mg daily. In the last control, the patient presented mammary hypertrophy; laboratory testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, reporting the presence of a pituitary microadenoma syndrome with hormonal alteration (Prolactin levels 28.4 ng/ml). Haloperidol, carbamazepine and levomepromazine were then discontinued. He was started on aripiprazole 15 mg po daily for 4 days; the dosage was then increased to 30 mg po daily, with Valproic Acid 500 mg po tid. After 3 weeks on aripiprazole, the mammary hypertrophy that had increased in the patient had resolved. After 10 weeks follow up of prolactin revealed a normal level, at 4.33 ng/ml. Insomnia, aggressiveness, irritability, visual, tactile and auditory hallucinations remained absent after treatment with aripiprazole which is not a first line drug in multiple drug use patient with psychosis. We also consider the correlation of drug use in patient with psychosis, haloperidol treatment, pituitary microadenoma syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and dopamine D2- receptor partial agonist aripiprazole treatment. This article also summarizes some relevant patents.

Schizophernia and empty sella - casual or correlated?

A male patient, 44 years old, with schizophrenia which started at the age of 18. At his last follow-up visit, laboratory tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed, revealing the presence of a sellar arachnoidocele. To our knowledge, there is only one similar case report of a set of male monozygotic triplets with schizophrenia and empty sella syndrome. High-resolution chromosome analysis found an extra band at chromosome 15p in all the triplets and their father. We performed a similar evaluation in our patient and his family to compare the results and identify new information on neuroanatomical abnormalities, hormonal alterations or genetic origins of schizophrenia.

The interosseous twitch: treatment with botulinum toxin.

We present an 18-yr-old softball player who underwent surgery for a glenoid labrum tear and subsequent placement of a pain catheter pump. One month after withdrawing the catheter, the patient developed uncontrollable movements of her fourth digit. Neurology did not think it was a true dystonia but administered multiple medications without any relief of her symptoms. Upon referral, it was thought there was isolated contraction of the fourth dorsal and second volar interosseous muscle that was causing her finger to twitch back and forth in the plane of her hand; botulinum toxin was injected into these two muscles with complete resolution of her symptoms and pain.