Parental Incarceration, Development, and Well-Being: A Developmental Systematic Review.

Despite an increasing number of studies examining the impact of parental incarceration on children's well-being, there are few comprehensive reviews that collect this information, and even fewer from a developmental perspective. This study aims to clarify the effects of parental incarceration on children's well-being and development, as well as the moderating and mediating factors from a developmental perspective. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, selecting 61 studies of children from early childhood to adolescence. The results show differences in the current evidence regarding the effects of parental incarceration on children depending on the developmental stage, with the most evidence in the 7-11-year-old stage. Being male appears as a risk moderator factor while the mental health of the caregiver and their relationship with the child appears as a mediating variable, especially from 7 to 18 years old. These results reveal the impact of parental incarceration based on children's age, providing a basis for developing protective and intervention measures.

[Reincarceration of drug-dependent prisoners released into a therapeutic community, according to pretreatment variables]. / Reingreso en prisión de reclusos drogodependientes excarcelados a una comunidad terapéutica, en función de variables previas al tratamiento.

The main aim of this paper is to identify the criminal and penitentiary pretreatment variables associated with re-entry into prison in a population of drug-dependent inmates who had been released from different prisons in Castilla and Leon (Spain) to finish their prison sentence in a Therapeutic Community. The study population was 120 male inmates. The documentary sources consulted for collecting information were the prison record, the classification and treatment protocol and the social record. These official records were consulted in the Burgos Penitentiary, responsible for custody of the documents. Applying a descriptive statistical analysis with contingency tables, the pre-treatment variables that showed the strongest association with re-entry into prison were family prison history, total sentence exceeding five years, imprisonments prior to the sentence in question, change to a higher security level, revocation of parole, breach of the terms of a sentence, completion of sentence in prison and, especially, age at first entry into prison between 16 and 21 years. It was confirmed through logistic regression analysis that the variable age at which participants entered prison for the first time is critical, given the impact that prison can have at an early age. These results provide a profile of the drug-dependent inmate at greatest risk of making poor use of measures alternative to prison.