La depresión y su influencia en los cambios neuropsicológicos del adulto mayor con trastorno neurocognitivo leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Depression and its Influence on Neuropsychological Changes in the Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones neuropsicológicas asociadas a la depresión en adultos mayores con trastorno neurocognitivo (TNC) leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Cuadro teórico: Los hallazgos han demostrado que los cambios neurocognitivos son más evidentes cuando existe depresión en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Participaron en esta investigación un total de 785 adultos mayores con Alzheimer, divididos en dos grupos: El experimental, en el que participaron mayores con diagnóstico clínico de depresión, y el de Control, cuyos participantes no presentaban depresión. Todos fueron evaluados a través del Inventario de Depresión de Beck II (BDI-II) y la Batería Neuropsicológica NEUROPSI. Resultados: Existen correlaciones significativas entre la depresión y las funciones neuropsicológicas y, además, la depresión presenta una influencia significativa en la orientación, atención y concentración, memoria, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas. Conclusiones: Los procesos neuropsicológicos en adultos mayores con TNC leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, presentan deterioro funcional negativo y reducido, de modo que el nivel de disminución está relacionado con el nivel de depresión.

Abstract Objective: Identifying the neuropsychological alterations associated with depression on the elderly with mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, of the High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE) at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Theoretical: The findings have also shown that all neurocognitive changes are more evident when depression emerges in the elderly. Methodology: 785 elderly people with Alzheimer's disease participated in the research, divided in two groups: the experimental group, where elderly had a clinical diagnosis of depression and the control group, whose participants do not suffer from depression. Participants were evaluated with the administration of the Beck II Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the NEUROPSI Neuropsychological Battery. Results: Statistically meaningful effects were found between depression and neuropsychological mechanisms; in addition, depression has a significant influence in orientation, attention and concentration, memory, language and executive functions. Conclusions: Considering the results, it can be verified that the neuropsychological processes have a negative and reduced functioning impairments, considering that the level of decrease is related to depression level.

Relación entre la violencia contra la mujer y el Índice de Masa Corporal: revisión integradora / Relation between violence against women and Body Mass Index: integrative review

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión es conocer la evidencia científica existente de la relación entre la violencia contra la mujer (VCM) y su índice de masa corporal (IMC) (alto y bajo). Síntesis del contenido: Se realizó una revisión integradora de las publicaciones científicas que abordaron y relacionaran la VCM y el IMC en diferentes bases de datos. Se consideraron los siete pasos de Cooper. Se analizaron por título, año de publicación, autores y fuente; finalmente, se estudiaron los aspectos metodológicos. Se identificaron 85 artículos y se excluyeron 67 por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión; seis de los artículos incluidos en la revisión, reportaron correlación positiva y significativa entre la VCM con el IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidad). Asimismo, siete de los artículos refieren una relación significativa entre la VCM y el IMC bajo, de tal manera que a mayor violencia contra la mujer, se presenta un IMC más bajo en las mujeres. Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados muestran la existencia escasa de literatura científica que aborde la temática de la VCM y el IMC. Algunos estudios muestran la relación entre la VCM y el IMC alto y bajo. Los resultados no son concluyentes, por lo que se requiere generar líneas de acción y atención a las mujeres receptoras de los diferentes tipos de violencia.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é conhecer as evidências científicas existentes sobre a relação entre violencia contra mulheres (VCM) e seu índice de massa corporal (IMC) (baixo peso, sobrepeso/obesidade). Síntese do conteúdo: Uma revisão integrativa das publicações científicas que abordam e relacionam a vcm e o IMC em diferentes bases de dados. Os sete passos de Cooper foram considerados. Foram analisados por título, ano de publicação, autores e fonte; finalmente, os aspectos metodológicos foram estudados. Identificaram-se 85 artigos, 67 artigos foram excluídos porque não atendiam aos criterios de inclusão; seis dos artigos incluídos na revisão relataram uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a VMC com o IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidade). Da mesma forma, sete dos artigos referem-se a uma relação significativa entre VMC e baixo IMC, ou seja, quanto maior a violência, um imc mais baixo é relatado. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram a existência de literatura científica escassa abordando a questão da VMC e IMC. Alguns estudos mostram a relação entre a violência contra as mulheres e o alto e baixo IMC. Os resultados não são conclusivos, por isso é necessário gerar linhas de ação e atenção às mulheres que recebem os diferentes tipos de violência.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this review is to know the existing scientific evidence of the relation between violence against women and their body mass index (BMI) (underweight, overweight/obese). Content synthesis: An integrative review of the scientific publications that approached and related violence against women and BMI in different databases. Cooper's seven steps were considered. They were analyzed by title, year of publication, authors and source; and, finally, by methodological aspects. It was possible to identify 85 articles, -67 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria-. Six of the articles included in the review reported a positive and significant correlation between violence against women with high BMI (overweight/obesity). In other words, the higher the violence, a high BMI is reported. Likewise, seven of the articles referred to a significant relation between violence against women and low BMI, such a way to greater violence against women, a lower women's BMI is found. Conclusion: The results show the existence of scarce scientific literature that addresses the issue of violence against women and BMI. Some studies expose the relation between violence against women and high and low BMI. The results are inconclusive, so it is necessary to generate lines of action and attention to women who suffer different types of violence.

[FREQUENCY OF PRESSURE ULCERS IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN THE CORONARY AND INTENSIVE UNIT CARE OF A HIGH SPECIALITY HOSPITAL]. / Frecuencia de úlceras por presión en pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y coronaries en un hospital de alta especialidad.

INTRODUCTION: The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) represent a serious problem around the world since they have important consequences, personal and economic, this making it a public problem health. The PUSH are a challenge for professionals nursing at all levels of care. OBJECTVE: Identify the frequency of Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing in patients hospitalized in coronary and intensive unit care of a high specialty hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 139 patients who were admitted in June and July period of 2015 in the Coronary and Intensive Unit Care. RESULTS: The total of patients valued (139) show a mean age of 50 years old, the 51.8% male, of these the 61.4% developed a skin lesion related to prostration. The 84.17% are not mobilized as recommended, of these the (45.3%) belonged to Neurosurgery, with a range hospital stay from 1 to 36-day. The 79.8% (111 patients) were under sedation drug. Directly related to the emergence of PUSH, obtaining 41% of patients ulcerated lesions the 8.2 average days. CONCLUSIONS: The PUSH as problem are present in a Coronary and General Intensive Care Unit frequently (41%) in June and July of 2015. The care and treatment of people with PUSH must be dynamic and interdisciplinary.

Impact of stress and levels of corticosterone on the development of breast cancer in rats.

Stress is experienced during cancer, and impairs the immune system's ability to protect the body. Our aim was to investigate if isolation stress has an impact on the development of tumors in rats, and to measure the size and number of tumors and the levels of corticosterone. Breast cancer was induced in two groups of female rats (N=20) by administration of a single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea 50 mg/kg. Rats in the control group (cancer induction condition) were allowed to remain together in a large cage, whereas in the second group, rats were also exposed to a stressful condition, that is, isolation (cancer induction and isolation condition, CIIC). The CIIC group displayed anxious behavior after 10 weeks of isolation. In the CIIC group, 16 tumors developed, compared with only eleven tumors in the control cancer induction condition group. In addition, compared with the control group, the volume of tumors in the CIIC group was greater, and more rats had more than one tumor and cells showed greater morphological damage. Levels of corticosterone were also significantly different between the two groups. This study supports the hypothesis that stress can influence the development of cancer, but that stress itself is not a sufficient factor for the development of cancer in rats. The study also provides new information for development of experimental studies and controlled environments.

Estilo de vida saludable. Un enfoque desde la familia suburbana en el estado de Guanajuato. México / Healthy lifestyle: a suburban family approach in Guanajuato state, Mexico

Resumen:

Introducción: actualmente sufrimos las consecuencias de una pandemia de enfermedades relacionadas con la diversidad de estilos de vida. Objetivos: examinar y analizar el estilo de vida en un grupo de familias, en la Salud Pública y familiar. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo realizado en familias integradas por padre, madre, hijo/a. Se han aplicado entrevistas y el criterio de saturación, con los conceptos liberadores de Paulo Freire. Resultados: el estudio ha manifestado la diversidad del estilo de vida en las familias, con condicionantes en la convivencia familiar, maltrato psicológico y físico, religión, economía y salud. Otro aspecto fue la transformación de la cultura en las familias. Conclusiones: aseverando que las familias se han trasfigurado en su cultura y tradiciones, se han de analizar los programas de apoyo a las familias de las políticas públicas, lo que permitirá descubrir las necesidades de la población y, de este modo, reconocer la verdadera necesidad de la familias a la hora de establecer el trabajo a desarrollar.