Does Gender Impact Technology Adoption in Dual-Purpose Cattle in Mexico?

This paper examines the role of women in the dual-purpose livestock system (DP) in Mexico through their technological adoption patterns and aims to evaluate whether there are significant differences between the technology adoption networks of men and women farmers. The sample was composed of 383 DP small farms with 20 or fewer cows and a high level of vulnerability. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was applied, and the centrality measures were calculated for the technological areas of management, feeding, genetics, reproduction, and animal health. Significant differences were found in reproduction levels between men and women farmers. Therefore, SNA was developed in this technological area where men mainly occupied central positions (brokers) while women were just close to the leaders in the network. The results have shown that farms run by women were smaller and presented higher levels of specialization and milk productivity (20% higher), and women prioritized those technologies linked to female reproductive efficiency. Moreover, women were deeply embedded in men's networks through numerous ties and were capable of building connections with groups of farmers outside of their own group.

Guias carcinoma de celulas renales (SCU-2020) / Guidelines renal cell carcinoma (SCU-2020)

La guía que se presenta actualmente es una adaptación de la guía de cáncer renal de la Asociación Europea de Urología en su versión más reciente 2020. Se eligió con la metodología ADOLOPMENT tras una evaluación con el instrumento AGREE II

The guideline currently presented is an adaptation of the renal cancer guideline of the European Association of Urology in its most recent version 2020. It was chosen using the ADOLOPMENT methodology after evaluation with the AGREE II instrument.

Structural and Technological Characterization of Tropical Smallholder Farms of Dual-Purpose Cattle in Mexico.

Dual-purpose cattle smallholder farms (DP) exhibit a critical economic situation. The objective of this research was building a typology for DP in tropical conditions and characterizing them technologically. This will help developing more effective public policies in DP farms located in tropical conditions. A sample of 1.475 farms located in the tropical area of Mexico was selected. The typology was built using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Subsequently, five groups were identified by a hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's method. Groups 1 and 2, covered a 46.5% of the farms; these ones presented a small-scale productive model with low levels of technological adoption, improvements were mainly associated to the area of reproduction and genetics. Very small farms (Group 3) showed orientation to subsistence. They need to improve all the technological areas. Groups 4 and 5 (29.4% of the sample) were the biggest and more specialized farms. Group four farms were located in dry tropics and showed the highest levels of technological adoption in the areas of reproduction, management, and feeding. These farms require improvement in the areas of reproduction, animal health, and feeding. Group 5 farms were located in the wet tropics and showed specialization in reproduction, genetics, and animal health areas. In this last group, it is necessary to improve management and feeding areas.

Setting the standard: Medical Education's first 50 years.

CONTEXT: By understanding its history, the medical education community gains insight into why it thinks and acts as it does. This piece provides a Foucauldian archaeological critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the journal Medical Education on the publication of its 50th Volume. This analysis draws upon critical social science perspectives to allow the examination of unstated assumptions that underpin and shape educational tools and practices. METHODS: A Foucauldian form of CDA was utilised to examine the journal over its first half-century. This approach emphasises the importance of language, and the ways in which words used affect and are affected by educational practices and priorities. An iterative methodology was used to organise the very large dataset (12,000 articles). A distilled dataset, within which particular focus was placed on the editorial pieces in the journal, was analysed. RESULTS: A major finding was the diversity of the journal as a site that has permitted multiple - and sometimes contradictory - discursive trends to emerge. One particularly dominant discursive tension across the time span of the journal is that between a persistent drive for standardisation and a continued questioning of the desirability of standardisation. This tension was traced across three prominent areas of focus in the journal: objectivity and the nature of medical education knowledge; universality and local contexts, and the place of medical education between academia and the community. CONCLUSIONS: The journal has provided the medical education community with a place in which to both discuss practical pedagogical concerns and ponder conceptual and social issues affecting the medical education community. This dual nature of the journal brings together educators and researchers; it also gives particular focus to a major and rarely cited tension in medical education between the quest for objective standards and the limitations of standard measures.

Finite element/percolation theory modelling of the micromechanical behavior of clayey soils.

A hybrid model for soils, which combines percolation theory and finite element method is presented. The internal soil structure is modelled via the finite element method, and percolation networks are used for analyzing its mechanical behaviour. Through a microscopic characterization of elastic properties of soil grains, the model is generated. The effective percolation threshold obtained is lower than that of the network geometric percolation. The effective mechanical properties predicted are successfully compared to published experimental results.

Modal behaviour of bones during fracture.

A common cause of human disability is related to the fracture of bones, complex structural materials whose properties vary with time. An analytical study (using ANSYS, a commercial finite element package) of bones under fracture conditions is presented, focusing on the frequency variation versus depth of crack, as well as on the evolution of strength in the fracture area.

Una estrategia para el control de la poliomielitis en México: mayor cobertura de vacunación en menores de un año / Extended coverage in underone year of age children: A strategy for the control of poliomyelitis in Mexico

A pesar del empleo a gran escala de la vacuna antipoliomielítica oral tipo sabín, en algunos países no se ha logrado un control adecuado de la poliomielitis. Sabín propone que ello se debe a una deficiente cobertura de vacunación en menores de un año. En este estudio se analiza la asociación entre la tasa de morbilidad general por poliomielitis y la cobertura de vacunación en menores de un año en población amparada por el IMSS. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre estas dos variables, es decir a menor cobertura mayor tasa de morbilidad. Se encontró también una asociación entre la tasa de morbilidad general por poliomielitis en un año y la propia del año anterior a cada uno de los años delperiodo en estudio. En un modelo de regresión múltiples, tanto la cobertura en menores de un año como la de morbilidad de año previo se correlacionaron fuertemente y en forma significativa, conla tasa de morbilidad general por poliomielitis. Con el fín de lograr un control óptimo de esta enfermedad, es conveniente considerar que la sola extensión de cobertura puede no ser suficiente si no es oportuna, es decir, dentro del primer año de vida