One step beyond tomorrow; Ranjan manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) marker - Welcome to the topical, flapless and astigmatism-free MSICS era.

The prevalence of blindness in India is 14.9 per 1000. Cataract causes 80% of this blindness. Most of these blinds are in the rural areas while the surgical service delivery channels are concentrated in the urban areas. This situation has many social impacts like loss of productivity, breakdown of interpersonal relationships, depressive manifestations, loss of self-esteem, and isolated humiliating life. Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS; also SICS) is a low-cost, small-incision, high-valued cataract surgery that is principally employed in the developing world. In poor settings, MSICS also has several distinct advantages over phacoemulsification, including shorter operative time, less need for technology, and lower cost. Ranjan MSICS Marker is a tool which enables MSICS to be done under topical anesthesia easily with more precise and safe incision making along with more control on surgery induced astigmatism.

Corporate governance data of 6 Asian economies (2010-2017).

This article contains firm-level data on 1) aggregated corporate governance score, and 2) financial data for the period 2010-2017. The study includes 626 companies from 6 Asian countries: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and Thailand. Aggregated corporate governance score is calculated using 13 firm-level attributes: board size, board independence, CEO duality, board meeting attendance, independence of audit committee, auditor ratification, independence of compensation committee, independence of nomination committee, shareholder-approved poison pill, dual class unequal voting rights of common shares, staged board, diversity of board and board duration. Finally, six firm-level financial data are included.

Familial Moniliform Blepharosis: Clinical, Histopathological and Genetic Correlation.

BACKGROUND: Moniliform blepharosis is an ocular diagnostic feature of lipoid proteinosis, a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with dermatological, otorhinolaryngological, ocular and neurological manifestations. Loss of function mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) gene have been identified as the causative factor, and their identification confirms the diagnosis. Until now, 41 different mutations have been described, the majority being nonsense and small insertions. Exon 6 and 7 are the most commonly involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case report of an 8-year-old girl who presented with bilateral waxy papular lesions on the margins of the upper and lower lids since the age of 2 years. RESULTS: Biopsy of the eyelid lesions showed replacement of the sub-epidermal space by pink, PAS-positive and diastase resistant hyalinized material. Genetic testing of theECM1 gene showed a homozygous nonsense mutation c.1441C > T (p.Arg481X) in exon 10, confirming the diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists may be the first physicians to encounter patients with lipoid proteinosis. The disease presents with protean symptoms, hence a careful examination with histopathology and genetic mutation analysis confirms the diagnosis, assisting in the counseling and management of patients.

Primary orbital plasmacytoma mimicking lacrimal gland tumor.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell malignancy, comprising 3% of the whole group. The involvement of orbit is even rarer since 80% of extramedullary plasmacytoma have been reported from upper respiratory tract, followed by gastrointestinal tract. The disease is thrice more common in males than females and is more common in 6th to 7th decade of life, but we are reporting a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma presenting as lacrimal gland tumor in a 59-year-old female. The correct diagnosis is essential since the disease is highly radiosensitive and responds well to radiotherapy unlike other malignancy in this region. A high index of suspicion with imaging and careful use of fine needle aspiration cytology helps in diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Retinoblastoma with unusual association of postaxial polydactyly.

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, arising from retinal progenitor cells. The most common presenting feature is leucocoria, followed by strabismus, defective vision, and rarely nystagmus. The unusual associations reported with retinoblastoma are well-differentiated liposarcoma and lipomatous tissues, chromosome breakage syndromes, and the myriad findings of rare 13q deletion syndrome.
 METHOD: Case report.
 RESULTS: An 8-year-old boy presented with features of retinoblastoma, having leucocoria in the left eye and an unusual association of postaxial polydactyly in the left hand.
 CONCLUSIONS: Postaxial polydactyly should be considered as an association of retinoblastoma.

High intensity focused ultrasound vs. cryotherapy as primary treatment for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. Here, we will be discussing two upcoming techniques for its management. One is cryotherapy which has returned from oblivion after nearly 150 years armed with latest technology and looking as if its full potential has been recognized now. On the other hand is high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), the application of ultrasound to this field is relatively new and hence a lot of excitement and hope.We searched MEDLINE (PubMed 1942-2005), reference lists of retrieved articles, urology textbooks and our own data looking for studies comparing cryotherapy and HIFU. From 81 titles or abstracts, two independent reviewers identified 50 as potentially relevant. Disagreement was resolved by discussion involving the third reviewer and we finally identified 45 articles. Full reports of 45 articles were retrieved and final selection was made by the same two independent reviewers using the same criteria as for the initial selection. Data were extracted and methodological qualities of selected studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative analysis and synthesis were done.Treatment options depend upon the age of patient, grade of tumor and expectations out of treatment. Patient choice governs the treatment actually to be given. It is the selection of a patient for a particular treatment option that decides how favorable the outcome is going to be. Both these techniques are relatively new and they look promising but both lack long-term data to prove their efficacy.