Nomophobia is Associated with Insomnia but Not with Age, Sex, BMI, or Mobile Phone Screen Size in Young Adults.

PURPOSE: NOMOPHOBIA (NO MObile PHone PhoBIA) or problematic smartphone use is a psychological disorder in which people are afraid of being cut off from their mobile phones. Currently, there has been no direct assessment of mobile phone screen size in the home setting and its effect on nomophobia and related symptoms, such as insomnia. Thus, we investigated the association between nomophobia, insomnia, and mobile phone screen size in a young adult population in Bahrain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, we surveyed participants aged 18 to 35 between August and September 2020 using an online questionnaire. Participants completed demographic questions and questions about personal mobile phones, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The mobile phone screen size was determined using an open-source online database. Crude and adjusted regression analyses were fitted to examine the associations between the study variables. RESULTS: A total of 549 individuals, 54% females, were included in the final analyses. One hundred and fourteen participants (21%) had severe nomophobia, and 81 (14%) had clinical insomnia. A strong positive pair-wise linear association was observed between NMP-Q and ISI ß 0.15, P = 0.001. Age, sex, BMI, and mobile phone screen size showed no association with the NMP-Q. CONCLUSION: Nomophobia is very prevalent in young adult men and women, and it is closely associated with insomnia, regardless of mobile phone screen size, suggesting that mobile phone screen size should not be used as a proxy for hazardous usage.

Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer in Southwestern Ethiopia is lacking: A descriptive analysis.

PURPOSE: Cervical cancer remains the second most common cancer and cancer-related death among women in Ethiopia. This is the first study, to our knowledge, describing the demographic, and clinicopathologic characteristics of cervical cancer cases in a mainly rural, Southwestern Ethiopian population with a low literacy rate to provide data on the cervical cancer burden and help guide future prevention and intervention efforts. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of 154 cervical cancer cases at the Jimma University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Ethiopia from January 2008 -December 2010 was performed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from patient questionnaires and cervical punch biopsies were histologically examined. RESULTS: Of the 154 participants with a histopathologic diagnosis of cervical cancer, 95.36% had not heard of cervical cancer and 89.6% were locally advanced at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, 86.4% of participants were illiterate, and 62% lived in a rural area. CONCLUSION: A majority of the 154 women with cervical cancer studied at the Jimma University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Ethiopia were illiterate, had not heard of cervical cancer and had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Given the low rates of literacy and knowledge regarding cervical cancer in this population which has been shown to correlate with a decreased odds of undergoing screening, future interventions to address the cervical cancer burden here must include an effective educational component.

The prevalence and pattern of HPV-16 immunostaining in uterine cervical carcinomas in Ethiopian women: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer of the cervix uteri is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with cervical carcinogenesis is well documented. This is a pilot study aiming to studying the prevalence and the pattern of Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 (HPV16) by immunostaining in the tissues of cervical carcinomas of Ethiopian women. METHODS: 20 specimens of uterine cervical carcinomas were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically for HPV16. RESULTS: Histologically the specimens were classified as: Ten cases were Non Keratinized Squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC), six cases were Keratinized Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KSCC) and four cases were Adenocarcinoma (ADC). Immunohistochemistry study showed positivity in eleven cases (55%); seven cases (35%) were non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma; three cases (15%) were keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and one case (5%) belonged to the adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a significant detection of HPV in Ethiopian women by the use of advanced techniques such as Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data of this study suggested that the marked expression of the HPV 16 was in the less differentiated uterine cervix carcinomas.

Neuroendocrine differentiation in a case of cervical cancer.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms may occur in the uterine cervix, although rarely; it accounts for 0.5-1% of all malignant tumors of the uterine cervix. A case report of an Ethiopian female presented at the Gynecology Out-Patient Clinic at Jimma University Hospital, complaining from irregular vaginal bleeding over the previous three months. Clinically there was a cauliflower cervical mass; histopathologically it was formed of sheets of small cell tumor; that further showed neuroendocrine differentiation, as demonstrated by chromogranin-A positivity. It is important to differentiate small cell carcinoma from other malignant tumors of the uterine cervix. Morphological features play an important role in making a diagnosis and the immunohistochemistry study can offer an additional useful assistance.

The pattern of expression of the apoptotic inducer Fas and the apoptotic inhibitor bcl-2 oncogenes immunohistochemicaly in bone-marrow invaded by the non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Apoptosis is a feature commonly seen in tumors; it is an actively regulated cellular process that leads to cell death, in fact the ability to resist apoptosis may seem to offer an advantage to a growing tumor by slowing down the cell loss rate. The present study is a retrospective study aiming at evaluating the Fas/Apo-1, CD95 and bcl-2 oncoproteins immunohistochemically in 30 bone marrow tissue specimens invaded by non- Hodgkin lymphomas (stage IV), 60% of cases were under chemotherapy regimen, while the remainders were still. The study included the significance of the apoptotic inducer Fas/CD95 and apoptotic inhibitor bcl-2 immunoreactivity in relation to a number of clinicopathological variables including age, sex, pattern of malignant cell infiltration in bone marrow, type of malignant cells disseminated and the effect of chemotherapy in relation to apoptotic changes. Fas/CD95 immunoreactivity was positive in 23 cases; 76.7%, positive immunoreactivity was significantly associated with the chemotherapeutic effect (p= 0.0002). On the other side bcl-2 immunoreactivity was positive in 7 cases; 23.3%. A significant association was found between bcl-2 positive immunoreactivity and sex (p= 0.03), pattern of malignant cell infiltration in bone marrow (p= 0.02) and lack of therapy effects (p= 0.0004). As a conclusion (1) Apoptosis is a common feature in non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas as confirmed by the high incidence of the apoptotic inducer Fas/CD95 positive immunoreactivity; (2) Fas/CD95 and bcl-2 as a tumor markers may work as a useful aid in establishing an apoptosis interpretation in cases of non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas (stage IV); (3) Fas/CD95 expression translate the chemotherapeutic effects on malignant cells in non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas; meanwhile the apoptotic inhibitor bcl-2 expression is an independent negative prognostic marker that has been shown to confer resistance to apoptosis.