RESUMO
Interpreting an electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for every physician. The physician's competency in ECG interpretation needs to be improved at any stage of medical education. The aim of the present study was to review the currently published clinical trials of ECG teaching to medical students and provide suggestions for future works. On May 1, 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ERIC were searched to retrieve relevant articles on clinical trials of ECG teaching to medical students. The quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the Buckley et al. criteria. The screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal processes were duplicated independently. In case of disagreements, consultation with a third author was put forth. In total, 861 citations were found in the databases. After screening abstracts and full texts, 23 studies were deemed eligible. The majority of the studies were of good quality. Peer teaching (7 studies), self-directed learning (6 studies), web-based learning (10 studies), and various assessment modalities (3 studies) comprised the key themes of the studies. Various methods of ECG teaching were encountered in the reviewed studies. Future studies in ECG training should focus on novel and creative teaching methods, the extent to which self-directed learning can be effective, the utility of peer teaching, and the implications of computer-assisted ECG interpretation (e.g., artificial intelligence) for medical students. Long-term knowledge retention assessment studies based on different approaches integrated with clinical outcomes could be beneficial in determining the most efficient modalities.
RESUMO
We aimed to assess the Iranian people's attitude and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, their concerns about the safety of vaccines, and their reasons for accepting or rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study with a mixed qualitative−quantitative approach from December 2020 to February 2021. Our questionnaire consisted of a COVID-19 vaccine attitude questionnaire, a COVID-19 vaccine confidence inventory, a modified vaccine safety scale, and questions about participants' decision to accept or refuse the COVID-19 vaccine, and their explanations for their decisions. The research included 1928 people with an average age of 34.88 years with 1236 (64.1%) being female. A total of 1330 participants desired to have the COVID-19 vaccine (69%). Female gender, lower educational levels, following COVID-19 news through sources other than websites and social media, not following COVID-19 news, and loss of a first-degree relative due to COVID-19 were all associated with a more negative attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among Iranians is comparable to the international average; however, it is still unfavorable. There are serious challenges to the vaccination program in Iran, such as older adults' lower intention to undergo the COVID-19 vaccine and misinformation.
