Attitudes and Beliefs of Nurses and Nurse Assistants toward Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Pain experienced among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) is the primary requirement for hospitalization. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship of age, race, and years of experience among medical-surgical nurses and nursing assistants to their attitudes in caring for SCD patients and identified barriers that influence pain management care. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design was used. Online survey data were collected among 56 participants and online interviews were conducted among three participants. METHODS: The General Perceptions of Sickle Cell Patients (GPSCP) Scale-17, composed of four subscales, assessed providers attitudes toward patients with SCD. Two subscales assessed providers' attitudes behaviors related to acute and chronic pain management. RESULTS: There was no relationship between age and years of experience to scores on four subscales. White/Caucasian study participants scored higher on the Red Flag Behaviors subscale, indicating that White/Caucasian participants had stronger beliefs concerning drug-seeking behaviors among SCD patients as compared to other ethnicities/races. Themes generated from the qualitative interview data analysis were: 1) reflections on one's own practice compared to others' practice; 2) communication as a barrier/facilitator to providing care; 3) lack of national guidelines; and 4) adjunct staff are critical to facilitating holistic care. CONCLUSIONS: Racial and ethnic differences exist among medical-surgical nurses and nursing assistants' attitudes. Poor communication and lack of national standards of care are barriers to providing high quality care. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Culturally sensitive care, based on current practice guidelines, is needed for improved pain management care for patients with SCD.

An Integrative Review: The Evolution of Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Perceived Barriers to Caring for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease 1970-Now.

Approximately 100,000 Americans have sickle cell disease (SCD). In the USA, the majority of patients with SCD are of African descent. Due to persistent racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare in the USA, patients with SCD experience disproportionately more health inequities because of providers' implicit biases regarding patient race. Lack of access to health insurance, lack of transportation to healthcare providers, and inadequate provider knowledge contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with SCD. The purpose of this integrative review was to analyze and synthesize the literature on providers' knowledge, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes toward patients with SCD. A modified (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) method was used to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature yielding 31 publications included in this review. Three connected, yet distinct areas of focus were identified: (1) providers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of patients with SCD; (2) providers' perceived or true barriers to caring for patients with SCD; and (3) interventions to improve providers' attitudes, perceptions, and care of patients with SCD. In each area of focus, research has evolved over time. Also included in this integrative review is a synthesis of measurement instruments used to assess provider knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and perceived and true barriers to caring for patients with SCD. Adolescents with SCD who are transitioning from pediatric to adult care are at a particularly high risk for morbidity and mortality, so this review focused on the many opportunities that exist to advance the healthcare for young adults with SCD to improve patient outcomes later in life. This includes improving providers' knowledge, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes, and lessening the real or perceived barriers to care for patients with SCD.

Nursing Strategic Imperatives: Engaging Nurses in Strategy Development and Execution to Drive Value.

Strategic plans provide a roadmap for value creation by outlining key priorities that, when executed successfully, enhance quality and efficiency. Nurses are uniquely positioned to inform strategic planning because of their understanding of clinical operations and consumer needs. This article describes a multiphase process for engaging nurses, at all levels, in developing, implementing, and revising a nursing strategic plan over a 5-year period.

Decreasing Falls With Injury Rates: Development of a Support Staff Falls Advocate Program.

Falls with injury are a persistent patient safety challenge in the acute care setting. This article describes the creation and implementation of a Certified Falls Prevention Advocate (CFPA) program on a medical-surgical unit. The program created standardization of nursing support staff involvement in falls prevention and engaged them as members of the interdisciplinary team. The CFPA program was an important element in the unit's improvement in falls with injury rates. The mean falls with injury rate decreased from 1.115 to 0.178 per 1000 patient-days over a 1-year period.