DOA Estimation Method for Vector Hydrophones Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning.

Through extensive literature review, it has been found that sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) is mainly applied to traditional scalar hydrophones and is rarely applied to vector hydrophones. This article proposes a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method for vector hydrophones based on SBL (Vector-SBL). Firstly, vector hydrophones capture both sound pressure and particle velocity, enabling the acquisition of multidimensional sound field information. Secondly, SBL accurately reconstructs the received vector signal, addressing challenges like low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), limited snapshots, and coherent sources. Finally, precise DOA estimation is achieved for multiple sources without prior knowledge of their number. Simulation experiments have shown that compared with the OMP, MUSIC, and CBF algorithms, the proposed method exhibits higher DOA estimation accuracy under conditions of low SNR, small snapshots, multiple sources, and coherent sources. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior resolution when dealing with closely spaced signal sources.

Oropharyngeal swab sampling for PRRSV detection in large-scale pig farms: a convenient and reliable method for mass sampling.

BACKGROUND: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has significant productivity and economic impacts in swine herds. Accurately determining the PRRSV status at the herd level is crucial for producers and veterinarians to implement strategies to control and eliminate the virus from infected herds. This study collected oropharyngeal swabs (OSs), nasal swabs (NSs), oral fluid swabs (OFs), rectal swabs (RSs), and serum samples continuously from PRRSV challenged pigs under experimental conditions and growing pigs under field conditions. Additionally, OSs and serum samples were collected from individual sows from 50 large-scale breeding farms, and the collection of OSs does not require the sows to be restrained. Ct values of PRRSV were detected in all samples using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: In PRRSV challenged pigs, OSs showed a higher PRRSV-positive rate until the end of the observation period. The Ct values of OSs were significantly lower than those of NSs, OFs, and RSs at 2, 8, 12, 14 and 20 days post-challenge (DPC) (P < 0.05). For growing pigs, the positivity rate of PRRSV in OSs was higher than that in other sample types at 30, 70, and 110 days of age. In sows, 24,718 OSs and 6259 serum samples were collected, with PRRSV-positive rate in OSs (9.4%) being significantly higher than in serum (4.1%) (P < 0.05). However, the Ct values of PRRSV RNA in serum were significantly lower than those in OSs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The OSs sample type yielded higher PRRSV-positive rates for longer periods compared to NSs, RSs, OFs and serum samples for PRRSV detection in infected pigs. Therefore, OSs has a good potential to be a convenient, practical, and reliable sample type for implementing mass sampling and testing of PRRSV in large-scale pig farms.

Loading Dyes into Chiral Cd/Zn-Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Full-Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Host-guest chemistry of chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has endowed them with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), it is still limited for MOFs to systematically tune full-color CPL emissions and sizes. This work directionally assembles the chiral ligands, metal sites and organic dyes to prepare a series of crystalline enantiomeric D/L-Cd/Zn-n MOFs (n = 1 ~ 5, representing the adding amount of dyes), where D/L-Cd/Zn with the formula of Cd2(D/L-Cam)2(TPyPE) and Zn2(D/L-Cam)2(TPyPE) (D/L-Cam = D/L-camphoric acid, TPyPE = 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,2-henediidenetetra-4,1-phenylene)tetrakis[pyridine]) were used as the chiral platforms.  The framework-dye-enabled emission and through-space chirality transfer facilitate D/L-Cd/Zn-n bright full-color CPL activity. The ideal yellow CPL of D-Cd-5 and D-Zn-4, with |glum| as 4.9 × 10-3 and 1.3 × 10-3 and relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield of 40.79% and 45.40%, are further assembled into a white CPL light-emitting diode. The crystal sizes of D/L-Cd/Zn-n were found to be strongly correlated to the types and additional amounts of organic dyes, that the positive organic dyes allow for the preparation of > 7 mm bulks and negative dyes account for sub-20 µm particles. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate full-color emissive CPL composites and provides a potentially universal method for controlling the size of optical platforms.

The novel anthraquinone compound Kanglexin prevents endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in atherosclerosis by activating FGFR1 and suppressing integrin ß1/TGFß signaling.

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) disrupts vascular endothelial integrity and induces atherosclerosis. Active integrin ß1 plays a pivotal role in promoting EndMT by facilitating TGFß/Smad signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we report a novel anthraquinone compound, Kanglexin (KLX), which prevented EndMT and atherosclerosis by activating MAP4K4 and suppressing integrin ß1/TGFß signaling. First, KLX effectively counteracted the EndMT phenotype and mitigated the dysregulation of endothelial and mesenchymal markers induced by TGFß1. Second, KLX suppressed TGFß/Smad signaling by inactivating integrin ß1 and inhibiting the polymerization of TGFßR1/2. The underlying mechanism involved the activation of FGFR1 by KLX, resulting in the phosphorylation of MAP4K4 and Moesin, which led to integrin ß1 inactivation by displacing Talin from its ß-tail. Oral administration of KLX effectively stimulated endothelial FGFR1 and inhibited integrin ß1, thereby preventing vascular EndMT and attenuating plaque formation and progression in the aorta of atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice. Notably, KLX (20 mg/kg) exhibited superior efficacy compared with atorvastatin, a clinically approved lipid-regulating drug. In conclusion, KLX exhibited potential in ameliorating EndMT and retarding the formation and progression of atherosclerosis through direct activation of FGFR1. Therefore, KLX is a promising candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis to mitigate vascular endothelial injury.

Autophagy activation ameliorates the fibrosis of trabecular meshwork cells induced by TGFß2 through the promotion of fibrotic proteins degradation.

The level of transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFß2) is elevated in aqueous humor of partial glaucoma patients, and induced trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis, which could cause TM cells dysfunction and lead to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Autophagy is a dynamic process of bulk degradation of organelles and proteins under stress condition, while its functions in fibrotic development remain controversial. Meanwhile, it is still unclear if activation of autophagy could ameliorate TGFß2-induced fibrosis in TM cells. In this study, we demonstrated that autophagy activation with Rapamycin or Everolimus could ameliorate TM fibrosis induced by TGFß2. We also proved that activation of autophagy may decrease TM cells fibrosis and reduce elevated IOP induced by TGFß2 in vivo, while Rapamycin or Everolimus has no effect on TGFß/Smad3 pathway activity and fibrotic genes expression. However, when Chloroquine phosphate blocks autophagy-lysosome pathway, the protective effect of Rapamycin or Everolimus on fibrosis was weakened. We established that autophagy activation ameliorates TM fibrosis through promoting fibrotic proteins degradation.

[Retracted] Adipose extracellular matrix promotes skin wound healing by inducing the differentiation of adipose­derived stem cells into fibroblasts.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the immunohistochemical images shown in Fig. 2B and C on p. 896 were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had already been published before this paper was received at International Journal of Molecular Medicine (several of which have been retracted). Moreover, the flow-cytometric data shown in Fig. 2A appeared to be potentially anomalous. In view of the fact that the abovementioned data had already apparently been published prior to the submission of this paper to International Journal of Molecular Medicine, the Editor has decided that the article should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43: 890-900, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4006].

Multi-gene analysis of the Russula crown clade (Russulales, Basidiomycota) revealed six new species and Alboflavinae subsect. nov. from Fagaceae forests in China.

Introduction: The crown clade is one of two major groups in the Russula subg. Russula. Methods/material: An analysis of Chinese samples was performed based on the morphology, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and multi-gene phylogenies of 28S nrLSU, 16S mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α. Results: The results supported the independence of six new species: Russula alboflava (sect. Amethystinae), R. chrysantha (subsect. Chamaeleontinae), R. liyui (subsect. Laricinae), R. lutescens (subsect. Olivaceinae), R. paraxerampelina, and R. prunicolor (subsect. Xerampelinae) from Fagaceae forest habitats. Subsect. Alboflavinae was newly proposed in sect. Amethystinae. Members of the new subsection include R. alboflava, R. burlinghamiae, and possibly R. ballouii. Discussion: Our analyses also supported the claim that two species of R. fulvograminea (subsect. Laricinae) and R. subrubens (subsect. Xerampelinae) have a Eurasian distribution. The habitat and primary hosts of the main phylogenetic clades within related subsections were summarized and discussed.

Air plasma fast-induced defect-enriched carbon cloth for simultaneous electrochemical detection of dopamine and uric acid.

Herein, we report a fast (10 min) and simple surface treatment of pure carbon cloth (CC) only by an air plasma. The structural characterizations indicate that the air plasma process brings out higher rugosity, more defects, and increased oxygen-related groups on CC surfaces than Ar- or N2-plasma, which can offer abundant capture sites, large electroactive area, and superhydrophilic interface for analytes. As a result, the air-treated CC (CC-PAir) electrode achieves a pronounced improvement of electrocatalytic activity for the [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- probe evidenced by increased peak currents, decreased peak-to-peak separation, and the lowered resistance of charge transfer. It is also demonstrated that the self-supported CC-PAir electrode possesses excellent sensing performance toward dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The feasibility of the simultaneous electrochemical detection of DA and UA can be verified by their large peak potential gap (∼112 mV) for differential pulse voltammetry. The chronoamperometric sensor yields wide linear ranges of 0.05-100 µM for DA and 0.5-300 µM for UA. The corresponding detection limits are estimated to be 2.6 and 20.4 nM for DA and UA, respectively. The sensor also displays satisfactory selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Due to good flexibility, the CC-PAir electrode presents great potential for manufacturing wearable and soft electronics for human health monitoring.

"3 + X D" structured report in radiology standardized resident training: Can it meet high-level teaching objectives?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the innovative "3 + X D" structured report (SR) designed based on Bloom's taxonomy on the learning outcomes of radiology residents during standardized training. METHODS: This is a prospective study that recruited 120 radiology residents from our hospital between 2020 and 2022. Randomly selected 60 residents from the 2020 grade to constituted the control group, and randomly selected 60 residents from the 2021 grade to formed the experimental group. The former group was trained utilizing the Free-text Reports (FTR) template, while the latter group received training with the "3 + X D" structured reports (SR) template. The learning outcomes of both groups was evaluated utilizing both objective and subjective measures. Objective assessments encompassed examinations of theoretical knowledge, diagnostic skills, and total scores, aligning with the cognitive domains of remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing as outlined by Bloom's Taxonomy. Subjective assessments, on the other hand, comprised survey questionnaires administered to residents and feedback from clinical instructors, which correlated with the higher-order cognitive level of analyzing, evaluating, and creating within Bloom's Taxonomy. RESULTS: On 60 residents (mean age, 24.15 years ± 2.11[SD]; 25 male) from control group, and 60 residents (mean age, 24.58 years ± 1.88 [SD]; 27 male) from experimental group. Following the training, significant improvements were observed in the theoretical knowledge, diagnostic skills, and total scores for both groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher diagnostic skills and total scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the theoretical knowledge exam between the two groups (p = 0.236). The questionnaire used for subjective assessments had good reliability (Cronbach α was 0.826) and acceptable validity (The KMO was 0.692). Additionally, the survey questionnaires indicated that the experimental group rated higher than the control group in terms of cultivating imaging thinking ability, diagnostic confidence, diagnostic speed, and the convenience of the templates (p < 0.001). Clinicians' feedback scores for the experimental group markedly surpassed those for the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing the "3 + X D" SR template grounded in Bloom's taxonomy for training, the professional competency of radiology residents, particularly their diagnostic skills, saw a marked enhancement, successfully meeting the higher-level educational objectives. Consequently, the "3 + X D" SR template is highly recommended for the standardized training of radiology residents.

Population dynamics and its relationship with functional traits in different succession stages of temperate mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest in Northeast China.

Functional traits regulate plant response to environmental changes, with consequences on population dynamics. However, how plant functional traits impact population dynamics, including growth, mortality, and recruitment, remains elusive in temperate forests across different successional stages. In this study, we compiled data on population dynamics and eight functional traits, encompassing hydraulic, wood, and leaf traits, from 35 species commonly found in a secondary poplar-birch forest and a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Northeast China. We quantified the intrinsic relationships between plant population dynamics and assessed how plant functional traits influenced these dynamics. The results demonstrated a gradual increase in the correlation among population dynamics as forest succession progressed. In the secondary forest, tree growth rate and mortality rate were negatively correlated, while growth-death rate and growth-recruitment rate were not related. Conversely, in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest, there was a significant negative correlation between tree growth rate and mortality rate, as well as between growth rate and recruitment rate, while tree mortality rate positively correlated with recruitment rate. Additionally, functional traits effectively predicted population dynamics, but the predictive ability varied across successional stages. Functional traits, particularly xylem hydraulic traits (e.g., Huber value) and anatomical traits (e.g., mean xylem conduit diameter), were stronger predictors of tree growth, mortality, and recruitment rates at the late successional stage compared with the early stage. These findings indicated that population dynamics and functional traits exhibited strong regularity in the late successional stage of broad-leaved Korean pine forests.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 facilitates the temozolomide resistance and migration of GBM via the MEK/ERK signalling.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is overexpressed in gliomas; however, its clinical significance, biological functions, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Abnormal overexpression of MAP3K1 in glioma is strongly associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and disease progression. MAP3K1 could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for glioma. MAP3K1 silencing suppressed the migration but had no effect on the proliferation and cell death of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells. MAP3K1 knockdown exacerbated the temozolomide (TMZ) induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation and death of GBM cells. In addition, MAP3K1 knockdown combined with TMZ treatment significantly inhibited the growth and increased cell death in organoids derived from GBM patients. MAP3K1 knockdown reversed TMZ resistance of GBM in intracranial glioma model. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the phosphorylation level of ERK was significantly decreased by MAP3K1 silencing. No significant change in the JNK pathway was found in MAP3K1-silenced GBM cells. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation suppressed the migration and enhanced the TMZ sensibility of GBM cells. MAP3K1 was correlated with the immune infiltration in glioma. MAP3K1 could facilitate the migration and TMZ resistance of GBM cells through MEK/ERK signalling.

Additive-Free, In Situ Rapid Repair of Vacancies in Fe[Fe(CN)6] Electrodes for Efficient Capacitive Deionization.

Fe[Fe(CN)6] (FeHCF) is considered a promising material for capacitive deionization-desalination of saline wastewater due to its excellent structure. However, additives are usually introduced during the synthesis of FeHCF in order to avoid [Fe(CN)6]3- vacancy defects filled by ligand water, which can result in the appearance of harmful byproducts and additional water treatment costs. In this study, an additive-free in situ vacancy repair strategy is proposed for the rapid synthesis of high-quality FeHCF in a saturated K3Fe(CN)6 solution. During the process of synthesizing FeHCF in solution, a high concentration of [Fe(CN)6]3- is found to facilitate the binding of Fe3+ to [Fe(CN)6]3- and hinder the hydrolysis and coordination reaction of Fe3+. After undergoing repair, FeHCF4 demonstrates an increased capacity and highly reversible electrochemical performance due to the robust structure. When utilized as Faraday cathodes in hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) systems, FeHCF4 exhibits a higher salt removal capacity (65.67 mg g-1) and lower energy consumption (0.68 kWh kg-1-NaCl) compared to unrepaired FeHCF1, while still maintaining excellent cycling performance. This environmentally friendly approach of repairing vacancies serves as a source of inspiration for the advancement of high-performance Prussian Blue analogues as capacitive sodium-removing materials.

Progress of research in the application of ultrasound technology for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities, memory loss, and cognitive deterioration. The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer's disease. The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years. As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method, ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits. This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer's disease over the past 5 years, including standalone ultrasound treatment, ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound therapy. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms. We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood-brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-ß plaque deposition. We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer's disease, and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods.

Cigarette smoke extract induces malignant transformation and DNA damage via c-MET phosphorylation in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Cigarette smoke, a complex mixture produced by tobacco combustion, contains a variety of carcinogens and can trigger DNA damage. Overactivation of c-MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, may cause cancer and cellular DNA damage, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced malignant transformation and DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results demonstrated that CSE treatment led to up-regulated mRNA expression of genes associated with the c-MET signaling pathway, increased expression of the DNA damage sensor protein γ-H2AX, and uncontrolled proliferation in BEAS-2B cells. ATR, ATR, and CHK2, which are involved in DNA damage repair, as well as the phosphorylation of c-MET and a group of kinases (ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2) involved in the DNA damage response were all activated by CSE. In addition, CSE activation promotes the phosphorylation modification of ATR, CHK1 proteins associated with DNA damage repair. The addition of PHA665752, a specific inhibitor of c-MET, or knock-down with c-MET both attenuated DNA damage, while overexpression of c-MET exacerbated DNA damage. Thus, c-MET phosphorylation may be involved in CSE-induced DNA damage, providing a potential target for intervention in the prevention and treatment of smoking-induced lung diseases.

Putative pathogenic factors underlying Streptococcus oralis opportunistic infections.

Streptococcus oralis, belonging to the viridans group streptococci (VGS), has been considered a component of the normal flora predominantly inhabiting the oral cavity. In recent years, a growing body of literature has revealed that dental procedures or daily tooth brushing activities can cause the spread of S. oralis from the oral cavity into various body sites leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) and meningitis. However, very little is currently known about the pathogenicity of S. oralis. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the current understanding of the pathogenic potential of S. oralis to pave the way for the prevention and treatment of S. oralis opportunistic infections.

Lysosomal TFEB-TRPML1 Axis in Astrocytes Modulates Depressive-like Behaviors.

Lysosomes are important cellular structures for human health as centers for recycling, signaling, metabolism and stress adaptation. However, the potential role of lysosomes in stress-related emotions has long been overlooked. Here, it is found that lysosomal morphology in astrocytes is altered in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice after chronic social defeat stress. A screen of lysosome-related genes revealed that the expression of the mucolipin 1 gene (Mcoln1; protein: mucolipin TRP channel 1) is decreased in susceptible mice and depressed patients. Astrocyte-specific knockout of mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1) induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis-mediated adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release. Furthermore, this stress response of astrocytic lysosomes is mediated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and overexpression of TRPML1 rescued depressive-like behaviors induced by astrocyte-specific knockout of TFEB. Collectively, these findings reveal a lysosomal stress-sensing signaling pathway contributing to the development of depression and identify the lysosome as a potential target organelle for antidepressants.

The impact of integrating PRIMARY score or SUVmax with MRI-based risk models for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: An MRI-based risk calculator (RC) has been recommended for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). PSMA PET/CT can detect lesions that are not visible on MRI, and the addition of PSMA PET/CT to MRI may improve diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to incorporate the PRIMARY score or SUVmax derived from [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT into the RC and compare these models with MRI-based RC to assess whether this can further reduce unnecessary biopsies. METHODS: A total of 683 consecutive biopsy-naïve men who underwent both [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and MRI before biopsy were temporally divided into a development cohort (n = 552) and a temporal validation cohort (n = 131). Three logistic regression RCs were developed and compared: MRI-RC, MRI-SUVmax-RC and MRI-PRIMARY-RC. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated. The primary outcome was the clinical utility of the risk calculators for detecting csPCa and reducing the number of negative biopsies. RESULTS: The prevalence of csPCa was 47.5% (262/552) in the development cohort and 41.9% (55/131) in the temporal validation cohort. In the development cohort, the AUC of MRI-PRIMARY-RC was significantly higher than that of MRI-RC (0.924 vs. 0.868, p < 0.001) and MRI-SUVmax-RC (0.924 vs. 0.904, p = 0.002). In the temporal validation cohort, MRI-PRIMARY-RC also showed the best discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.921 (95% CI: 0.873-0.969). Bootstrapped calibration curves revealed that the model fit was acceptable. MRI-PRIMARY-RC exhibited near-perfect calibration within the range of 0-40%. DCA showed that MRI-PRIMARY-RC had the greatest net benefit for detecting csPCa compared with MRI-RC and MRI-SUVmax-RC at a risk threshold of 5-40% for csPCa in both the development and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION: The addition of the PRIMARY score to MRI-based multivariable model improved the accuracy of risk stratification prior to biopsy. Our novel MRI-PRIMARY prediction model is a promising approach for reducing unnecessary biopsies and improving the early detection of csPCa.

Janus Separation-Sensing Membrane Hosted with Enzyme@MOF Nanoreactor for Real-Time Blood Sensing.

Plasma separation, rich in biomarkers crucial for diagnosis, is conventionally achieved via high-speed centrifugation, a method hindered by its blood usage, lengthy processes, and complex operations, which delays detection. We introduced a novel real-time blood sensing method based on a Janus membrane and enzymes @MOFs. Asymmetric driving of the janus membrane can realize spontaneous separation of plasma and prevent hemolysis during direct separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx), uric acid oxidase (UOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were encapsulated in a hydrophilic organometallic framework (MOFs) to construct an enzyme cascade nanoreactor. Embedding enzyme in hydrophilic MOFs not only retains the natural conformation of free enzyme but also improves the brittleness of enzyme, endows MOFs with new biological functions, and expands its sensing application. Using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a chromogen and a custom app for color interpretation, we achieved real-time visualization of glucose (Glu) and uric acid (UA) at a 50 µM limit. The system accurately analyzed serum samples, matching commercial kits and showing promise for portable, personalized diagnostics.

Polyoxometalate-Based Single-Atom Catalyst with Precise Structure and Extremely Exposed Active Site for Efficient H2 Evolution.

Single-atom catalysts with precise structure and extremely high catalytic efficiency remain a fervent focus in the fields of materials chemistry and catalytic science. Herein, a nickel-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) {NiSb6O4(H2O)3[ß-Ni(hmta)SbW8O31]3}15- (NiPOM) with one extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3] was synthesized using the conventional aqueous method. The uniform dispersion of single nickel center with well-defined structure was facilely achieved by anchoring nanosized NiPOM on graphene oxide (GO). The resulting NiPOM/GO can couple with CdS photoabsorber for the construction of low-cost and ultra-efficient hydrogen evolution system. The H2 yield can reach to 2753.27 mmol gPOM-1 h-1, which represents a record value among all the POM-based photocatalytic systems. Remarkablely, an extremely high hydrogen yield of 3647.28 mmol gPOM-1 h-1 was achieved with simultaneous photooxidation of commercial waste plastic, representing the first POM-based photocatalytic system for H2 evolution and waste plastic conversion. This work highlights a straightforward strategy for constructing extremely exposed single-metal site with precise microenvironment by facilely manipulating nanosized molecular cluster to control individual atom.

Radiomics-based Support Vector Machine Distinguishes Molecular Events Driving Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are detected as lung nodules. The radiological features related to LUAD progression remain further investigation. Exploration is required to bridge the gap between radiomics features and molecular characteristics of lung nodules. METHODS: Consensus clustering was applied to the radiomics features of 1,212 patients to establish stable clustering. Clusters were illustrated using clinicopathological and next-generation sequencing (NGS). A classifier was constructed to further investigate the molecular characteristic in patients with paired CT and RNA-seq data. RESULTS: Patients were clustered into 4 clusters. Cluster 1 was associated with a low consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), pre-invasion, grade I disease and good prognosis. Clusters 2 and 3 showed increasing malignancy with higher CTR, higher pathological grade and poor prognosis. Cluster 2 possessed more spread through air spaces (STAS) and cluster 3 showed higher proportion of pleural invasion. Cluster 4 had similar clinicopathological features with cluster 1 except higher proportion of grade II disease. RNA-seq indicated that cluster 1 represented nodules with indolent growth and good differentiation, whereas cluster 4 showed progression in cell development but still had low proliferative activity. Nodules with high proliferation were classified into clusters 2 and 3. Additionally, the radiomics classifier distinguished cluster 2 as nodules harboring an activated immune environment, while cluster 3 represented nodules with a suppressive immune environment. Furthermore, gene signatures associated with the prognosis of early-stage LUAD were validated in external datasets. CONCLUSION: Radiomics features can manifest molecular events driving progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Our study provides a molecular insight into radiomics features and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of early stage LUAD.