The genetic predisposition increases the chances of schoolchildren maintaining higher adiposity levels after three years.

BACKGROUND: The behavior of anthropometrics and the relationship with genetic factors through a long-term perspective should be better explored. This study aims to verify the odds of maintaining the nutritional status classification after three years, according to the rs9939609 polymorphism (FTO gene). METHODS: It was a retrospective longitudinal study with 355 schoolchildren (7-17 years). Body mass index, body-fat percentage (BF%), and waist circumference (WC) were measured at baseline and follow-up. The FTO gene was evaluated from blood collection and genotyping performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: For those homozygous with the A allele, the odds of being at less favorable classification at follow-up were 2.29 (1.24; 4.22) and 4.05 (2.08; 7.86) times higher than expected for BF% and WC, respectively, whereas the odds of being in the more favorable classification at follow-up were 0.34 (0.12; 0.93) and 0.11 (0.01; 0.78) for BF% and WC, respectively. The odds of being at less favorable classification were higher for AA carriers with less favorable classification at baseline for BF% and WC compared to AT and TT carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Schoolchildren with a genetic predisposition to obesity and unfavorable anthropometric profile at baseline had more chances of maintaining their nutritional status after three years of follow-up.

[Social distancing as protection factor against COVID-19 in a non-metropolitan area in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilLas medidas de distanciamiento social como factor de protección contra la COVID-19 en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil]. / Medidas de distanciamento social como fator de proteção contra a COVID-19 no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a non-metropolitan area (Vale do Rio Pardo) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and determine the association between seroprevalence and adherence to social distancing measures. METHOD: For the present population-based, cross-sectional study, data were collected in four stages from August to October 2020. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was assessed using an IgG/IgM rapid test. Demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral data were also collected, with administration of a three-question survey to determine adherence to social distancing measures with a focus on the level of social distancing practiced by participants, their routine activities, and circulation of people in the home. The association between sociodemographic data and social distancing was assessed using the chi-square test for linear trends in proportions, and the association between social distancing and seroprevalence was assessed using Poisson regression (95% confidence interval [95%CI]; P< 0.05). RESULTS: Of 4 252 tested and interviewed participants, 11.8% (95%CI: 10.8; 12.8) did not adhere to social distancing measures. The prevalence of a positive rapid test was 4.7% in participants who did not practice social distancing and 1.9% in participants who adhered to social distancing measures (P< 0.05). The variables male sex, age 20 to 59 years, having completed high school, monthly family income ranging from R$ 3 136.00 to R$ 6 270.00, and living in rural areas were associated with non-adherence to social distancing (P< 0.05). Adherence to all social distancing measures provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection (prevalence ratio: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19; 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a reduction in seroprevalence with the adherence to social distancing measures.

OBJETIVO: Investigar la seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 en la zona del Vale do Rio Pardo (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), y analizar la relación entre la seroprevalencia y el cumplimiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social por parte de la población. MÉTODO: Este estudio transversal basado en la población comprendió cuatro etapas de recopilación domiciliaria de datos entre agosto y octubre del 2020. La seroprevalencia se evaluó con la prueba rápida de anticuerpos IgM e IgG. Además, se recopilaron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos, clínicos y comportamentales por medio de un cuestionario de tres preguntas sobre el cumplimiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social, centrado en el grado de distanciamiento social que la persona entrevistada lograba tener, la rutina de las actividades de la persona entrevistada y la circulación de personas en el hogar. La relación entre los datos sociodemográficos y la práctica de distanciamiento social se evaluó con la prueba del ji cuadrado para determinar la tendencia lineal y la heterogeneidad de las proporciones, y la relación entre el distanciamiento social y la seroprevalencia se evaluó con el modelo de regresión de Poisson (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]; P< 0,05). RESULTADOS: De las 4 252 personas que se entrevistaron y a las que se les realizó la prueba, 11,8% (IC95%: 10,8; 12,8) no cumplían el distanciamiento social. La prevalencia de la realización de la prueba rápida con reactivo fue de 4,7% entre quienes no cumplían el distanciamiento social y de 1,9% entre quienes cumplían con esa medida (P< 0,05). Las variables relacionadas con el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 20 a 59 años, la escolaridad de nivel medio, los ingresos familiares mensuales de R$ 3 136,00 a R$ 6 270,00 y la residencia en zonas urbanas guardaron relación con el incumplimiento del distanciamiento social (P< 0,05). El cumplimiento con todas las medidas de distanciamiento social fue un factor de protección contra la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (razón de prevalencia: 0,37; IC95%: 0,19; 0,73). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican una reducción de la seroprevalencia a causa de las medidas de distanciamiento social.

FTO gene polymorphism and longitudinal changes in nutritional/obesity status in children and adolescents: Schoolchildren's health cohort study.

The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) has been extensively reported in the literature related to nutritional status, but there has been limited description of the genetic contribution to obesity risk during childhood and adolescence, especially in Latin Americans. This study aims to associate the rs9939609 polymorphism, of the FTO gene, with changes in nutritional status in Brazilian schoolchildren followed for 3 years. A longitudinal study was conducted with 355 schoolchildren, aged 7-15 years in 2011/2012 and subsequently re-evaluated in 2014/2015. Nutritional (obesity) status was classified by identifying those exceeding recommended thresholds for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF%). The rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative risk (RR with 95% confidence interval) of obesity status by FTO gene polymorphism was calculated by Poisson regression. The risk group was determined for genotypes with the allele A polymorphism, and regression models were adjusted for age, sex, height, ethnicity, and geographical location. Considering the longitudinal changes in status over the 3-year follow-up, the RR of developing a WC exceeding the threshold recommended (WC >75th age and sex-standardized percentile), or remaining with this condition, was higher in children with AT/AA genotype. For WC, the RR was 1.66 (1.07; 2.58) in crude analysis and 1.17 (1.01; 1.35) following adjustment for age (years), gender, ethnicity, and geographical location. The comparative risk of abdominal obesity, assessed by WHtR (not recommended threshold ≥0.50), was 53% and 8%, respectively, higher in AT/AA compared to TT genotype.Conclusion: This is one of the first longitudinal investigations to show a significant association between the A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism and individuals with higher than recommended WC and WHtR measures in Brazilian children and adolescents. What is known: • The FTO has an effect on increases in body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents. • It established the association between FTO and overweight/obesity in Caucasians. What is new: • The presence of the risk allele of rs9939609 (FTO gene) polymorphism is associated with increased abdominal fat in Brazilian schoolchildren. • Was detected an association between FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) with WC in follow-up cohort and changes in WC and WHtR follow-up over 3 years, during childhood and adolescence growth.

Percepção da equipe multiprofissional sobre o fisioterapeuta na emergência de um hospital do interior do Rio Grande do Sul / Percepción del equipo multiprofesional sobre el fisioterapeuta en urgencias de un hospital en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul / Multidisciplinary team perception of physical therapists in emergency rooms in hospital in the inland area of the capital city of Rio Grande do Sul

RESUMO A inserção do fisioterapeuta na urgência e na emergência permanece um cenário pouco explorado, ainda que venha ganhando destaque e relevância. Diante disso, buscou-se verificar a percepção da equipe multiprofissional quanto à inserção do fisioterapeuta na emergência de um hospital. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e com análise quali-quantitativa. A amostra por conveniência foi composta de técnicos de enfermagem, enfermeiros, médicos, médicos-residentes, residentes multiprofissionais e acadêmicos da saúde inseridos na unidade, totalizando 41 profissionais. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicável, composto de informações de identificação e de questões objetivas e subjetivas referentes ao tema da pesquisa, o qual foi desenvolvido e validado pelos autores. Variáveis contínuas foram expressas em média e desvio-padrão, enquanto variáveis categóricas, em frequências. Os dados obtidos nas questões descritivas foram organizados e analisados com base no método hermenêutico-dialético. Após análise, observou-se que mais de 85% da equipe referiu que o fisioterapeuta se encontra inserido na equipe de emergência e tem boa relação com esta. Além disso, reconhecem a importância do fisioterapeuta e o resultado positivo da fisioterapia respiratória e motora. Dessa forma, verificou-se que a equipe multiprofissional compreende e reconhece a atuação desses profissionais, bem como os pontos positivos que a fisioterapia traz aos atendimentos da emergência, apresentando uma percepção favorável.

RESUMEN La inserción del fisioterapeuta en urgencias y emergencia sigue siendo poco explorada, aunque viene ganando prominencia y relevancia. Este estudio pretendió verificar la percepción del equipo multiprofesional con respecto a la inserción del fisioterapeuta en urgencias de un hospital. Este es un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con análisis cuali-cuantitativo. La muestra de conveniencia consistió en técnicos de enfermería, enfermeros, médicos, médicos residentes, residentes multiprofesionales y académicos de la salud de la unidad, un total de 41 profesionales. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario autoaplicable, compuesto de informaciones sobre la identificación y preguntas objetivas y subjetivas relacionadas con el tema de investigación, el cual fue desarrollado y validado por los autores. Las variables continuas se representaron como media y desviación estándar, mientras que las variables categóricas como frecuencias. Los datos obtenidos en las preguntas descriptivas se organizaron y analizaron con base en el método hermenéutico-dialéctico. Después del análisis, se observó que más del 85% del equipo informó que el fisioterapeuta está insertado en el equipo de urgencias y que comparte una buena relación con él. Además, reconoce la importancia del fisioterapeuta y el resultado positivo de la fisioterapia respiratoria y motora. Por lo tanto, se constató que el equipo multiprofesional comprende y reconoce la actuación de estos profesionales, así como los aportes positivos de la fisioterapia a la atención de urgencias, y tiene una percepción favorable.

ABSTRACT The physical therapist inclusion at urgency and emergency remains an unexplored scenario, even though it has been getting attention and relevance. Thus, this study aims to check multidisciplinary team perception on physical therapist inclusion at the emergency of a hospital. This is a descriptive study with quality-quantitative analysis. The convenience sample was composed of nurse technicians, nurses, physicians, resident physicians, multidisciplinary residents and health science scholars who work at the unit, totaling 41 professionals. A self-applicable questionnaire was used to collect data, with identification information, objective, and subjective questions regarding the topic of this study, which was developed and validated by the authors. The continuous variables were expressed in mean and standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were performed by frequencies. Data obtained in descriptive questions were organized and analyzed with the hermeneutic-dialectical method. After analysis, we observed that more than 85% of the team referred that the physical therapist is considered part of the emergency team, with all of them presenting a good relationship overall. Besides, they recognize the importance of the physical therapist and the positive result of physical therapist in respiratory and motion. Thus, it was verified that the multidisciplinary emergency team understands and recognizes the physical therapist performance as well as the positive aspects that physical therapy brings to the emergency treatment, showing a positive perception of such professionals.

Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren / Relação entre Dislipidemia, Fatores Culturais e Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória em Escolares

Abstract Background: The presence of dyslipidemia and behavioral aspects are determinants of cardiovascular risk, especially in childhood and adolescence. Objective: To verify possible relationships between dyslipidemia, cultural factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in schoolchildren. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of 1,254 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17 from the South of Brazil, 686 of whom were female. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased levels of at least one of the following lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions of high (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Cultural aspects were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, considering the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. Results: The results revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.9%), which was associated with female sex (OR: 1.56; IC: 1.24-1.96) and overweight/obese status (OR: 1.55; IC: 1.20-2.00). When lipid profile parameters were evaluated separately, high levels of LDL-c were observed to be associated with sedentary school transport (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.20-2.09). Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher chances of elevated levels of TC (OR: 1.40; IC: 1.07-1.84) and TG (OR: 3.21; IC: 1.96-5.26). HDL-c was shown to be related to high television time (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.00-2.54). Conclusion: Alterations in lipid parameters are associated with cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary lifestyle and low levels of CRF.

Resumo Fundamento: A presença de dislipidemia e os aspectos comportamentais são fatores determinantes do risco cardiovascular, sobretudo na infância e adolescência. Objetivos: Verificar possíveis relações entre dislipidemia, fatores culturais e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) em escolares. Métodos: São sujeitos deste estudo transversal 1.254 crianças e adolescentes do Sul do Brasil, sendo 686 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 17 anos. Foi considerada dislipidemia a presença de níveis aumentados em pelo menos um dos parâmetros do perfil lipídico: triglicerídeos (TG), colesterol total (CT) e frações de alta (HDL-c) e baixa densidade (LDL-c). Os aspectos culturais foram avaliados por meio de questionário autorreferido pelo escolar. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística, considerando os valores de razão de chances (odds ratio; OR) e intervalos de confiança (IC) para 95%. Resultados: Foi encontrada elevada prevalência de dislipidemia (41,9%), a qual esteve associada com o sexo feminino (OR: 1,56; IC: 1,24-1,96) e com a presença de sobrepeso/obesidade (OR: 1,55; IC: 1,20-2,00). Quando os componentes do perfil lipídico foram avaliados de forma separada, observou-se que altos níveis de LDL-c se associaram ao deslocamento sedentário para a escola (OR: 1,59; IC: 1,20-2,09). Escolares com sobrepeso/obesidade apresentam maiores chances de elevação nos níveis de CT (OR: 1,40; IC: 1,07-1,84) e TG (OR: 3,21; IC: 1,96-5,26). O HDL-c apresentou associação com o elevado tempo em frente à televisão (OR: 1,59; IC: 1,00-2,54). Conclusão: A presença de alteração nos parâmetros lipídicos associa-se com fatores culturais, especialmente voltados ao sedentarismo e baixos níveis de APCR.

Low back pain, anthropometric indexes and range of motion of rural workers / Dor lombar, índices antropométricos e flexibilidade em trabalhadores rurais

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study is necessary considering the expressive number of rural workers that are not assisted by a health professional despite the presence of musculoskeletal changes such as low back pain. Thus, the objective was to check if there is a relationship among low back pain levels, anthropometric measures and range of motion of rural workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with rural workers that used the visual analog scale to measure low back pain. The data on body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and visceral fat area were obtained, as well as the assessment of posterior chain range of motion. RESULTS: Fifty-five rural workers were evaluated, with a predominance of women and married. Of the subjects evaluated, 37 (67.3%) reported low back pain, with an average pain of 3.4±2.7. More than half of the sample presented values of body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio considered undesirable. Those with pain had higher values of body mass index and visceral fat area. CONCLUSION: Rural workers with low back pain presented higher values of body mass index and visceral fat area, as well as those with an inadequate range of motion in the same region who had higher values of visceral fat area and pain. It is also possible to infer that there is an association between the values of body mass index and visceral fat area with the level of pain, just as the waist-hip ratio is associated with the levels of the range of motion.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O estudo justifica-se pelo expressivo contingente de trabalhadores rurais que não são acompanhados quanto à saúde, ao mesmo tempo que apresentam alterações musculoesqueléticas como dor lombar. Dessa forma, o objetivo foi verificar se há relação entre a dor lombar, medidas antropométricas e níveis de flexibilidade de trabalhadores rurais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com trabalhadores rurais que utilizou a escala analógica visual para mensurar a dor lombar. Foram obtidas as medidas de índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura, circunferência da cintura, relação cintura-quadril e área de gordura visceral, além da aferição da flexibilidade de cadeia posterior. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 55 trabalhadores rurais, com predomínio do sexo feminino e casados. Dos sujeitos avaliados 37 (67,3%) referiram queixas de dor lombar, sendo a pontuação média de dor de 3,4±2,7. Mais da metade da amostra apresentava valores de índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura-quadril classificados em categorias indesejáveis. Aqueles com dor apresentaram valores de índice de massa corporal e área de gordura visceral superiores. CONCLUSÃO: Os trabalhadores rurais com dor lombar apresentaram valores de índice de massa corporal e área de gordura visceral maiores, assim como aqueles com flexibilidade inadequada na mesma região apresentam valores maiores de área de gordura visceral e dor. Também é possível inferir que há associação entre os valores de índice de massa corporal e área de gordura visceral com o nível de dor, bem como a relação cintura-quadril se associa aos níveis de flexibilidade.

Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The presence of dyslipidemia and behavioral aspects are determinants of cardiovascular risk, especially in childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE: To verify possible relationships between dyslipidemia, cultural factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in schoolchildren. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of 1,254 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17 from the South of Brazil, 686 of whom were female. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased levels of at least one of the following lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions of high (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Cultural aspects were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, considering the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. RESULTS: The results revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.9%), which was associated with female sex (OR: 1.56; IC: 1.24-1.96) and overweight/obese status (OR: 1.55; IC: 1.20-2.00). When lipid profile parameters were evaluated separately, high levels of LDL-c were observed to be associated with sedentary school transport (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.20-2.09). Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher chances of elevated levels of TC (OR: 1.40; IC: 1.07-1.84) and TG (OR: 3.21; IC: 1.96-5.26). HDL-c was shown to be related to high television time (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.00-2.54). CONCLUSION: Alterations in lipid parameters are associated with cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary lifestyle and low levels of CRF.

Cutoff points for continuous metabolic risk score in adolescents from southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus on the best diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the child and adolescent population. Thus, the present study aimed to establish cutoff points for a continuous metabolic risk score (cMetS) in adolescents from southern Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2015. The sample consisted of 1739 schoolchildren (985 girls), aged 10-17 years. cMetS was calculated by sum of the Z-score of the following parameters: waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Three diagnostic criteria of MetS were used to create cut points for cMetS. RESULTS: The best cutoff point for cMetS was set at 3.40 for boys (sensitivity: 100.0%, specificity: 92.9%, AUC: 0.978) and 3.61 for girls (sensitivity: 100, 0%, specificity: 93.1%, AUC: 0.991). For these cutoff points, metabolic risk was found in 8.9% of adolescents (9.4% for boys and 8.5% for girls). A linear relationship was found between the mean values of cMetS and the number of components of MetS (mean cMetS -1.09 for no component present and 6.66 for 3 or more components). CONCLUSIONS: The use of cMetS is valid for adolescents and can detect a greater proportion of students with metabolic risk, compared to the current criteria for diagnosis of MetS.

Indicadores antropométricos e fatores de risco cardiovascular em trabalhadores rurais / Anthropometric indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in rural workers / Indicadores antropométricos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores rurales

RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade tem provocado diversos agravos à saúde, impulsionada pela industrialização, avanços tecnológicos, urbanização e estilo de vida; esses aspectos estão relacionados com disfunções cardiovasculares. Diversos fatores estão associados aos problemas saúde da população, os quais podem ser previamente identificados com técnicas simples, como medidas antropométricas e escores de risco, usadas para determinar possíveis riscos. Objetivo: Relacionar variáveis antropométricas com o Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF) em trabalhadores rurais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 138 trabalhadores rurais, submetidos ao questionário de estilo de vida, avaliação antropométrica, bioquímica, cardiovascular e determinação do ERF. A antropometria foi estimada com os indicadores índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), índice de conicidade (IC) e razão circunferência cintura-estatura (RCEst); o perfil bioquímico identificou colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicerídeos e glicemia; a função cardiovascular foi avaliada pela pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica em repouso. A partir das informações, os sujeitos foram classificados segundo o ERF em G1 (baixo risco), G2 (risco intermediário) e G3 (alto risco). As análises estatísticas constaram de frequência e percentual, comparação de médias pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis, e correlação de Pearson ou Spearman, considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: Com relação aos ERF, 81,4% sujeitos do sexo feminino e 51,9% do masculino apresentaram baixo risco cardiovascular, com mais da metade dos trabalhadores com respostas inadequadas nos parâmetros RCQ (58,7%), RCEst (67,4%), CT (58,0%) e LDL (52,9%). Na relação do total de pontos absolutos do ERF com as variáveis antropométricas, CC e RCEst demonstraram correlações fracas (0,293 e 0,175, respectivamente) e RCQ e IC, correlações moderadas (0,475 e 0,459, respectivamente). Conclusão: Alguns indicadores antropométricos (RCQ e IC) apresentaram relações mais fortes com o ERF, apontando que são mais efetivas em determinadas populações, além de indicar a maior probabilidade de eventos cardiovasculares nos trabalhadores rurais. Nível de Evidência III; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity has caused several health problems, driven by industrialization, technological advances, urbanization, and lifestyle; these aspects are related to cardiovascular disorders. Several factors are associated with population health problems, which can be previously identified through simple techniques such as anthropometric measurements and risk scores, used to determine potential risks. Objective: To relate anthropometric variables with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in rural workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 138 rural workers, who completed a lifestyle questionnaire, anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular evaluation and FRS evaluation. The anthropometry was estimated using the indicators body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (CI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); the biochemical profile identified total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glycemia; the cardiovascular function was evaluated by systolic blood pressure and resting diastolic blood pressure. From this information, the subjects were classified according to the FRS in G1 (low risk), G2 (intermediate risk) and G3 (high risk). The statistical analyses consisted of frequency and percentage, comparison of means by Kruskal-Wallis test, and correlation of Pearson or Spearman, considering p<0.05. Results: Regarding FRS, 81.4% of the female subjects and 51.9% male showed low cardiovascular risk, with more than half of workers with inadequate responses in WHR (58.7%), WHtR (67.4 %), TC (58.0%) and LDL (52.9%). In the relation between the total of absolute points of FRS and the anthropometric variables, WC and WHtR showed weak correlations (0.293 and 0.175, respectively) and WHR and CI showed moderate correlations (0.475 and 0.459, respectively). Conclusion: Some anthropometric indicators (WHR and CI) had stronger relationships with FRS, indicating that they are more effective in certain populations, besides implying the higher probability of cardiovascular events in rural workers. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

RESUMEN Introducción: La obesidad ha provocado diferentes problemas de salud, impulsada por la industrialización, avances tecnológicos, urbanización y estilo de vida; estos aspectos están relacionados con disfunciones cardiovasculares. Varios factores están asociados a los problemas de salud de la población, los cuales pueden ser identificados previamente con técnicas simples, como medidas antropométricas y escores de riesgo, usadas para determinar posibles riesgos. Objetivo: Relacionar variables antropométricas con la Puntuación de Riesgo de Framingham (PRF) en trabajadores rurales. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 138 trabajadores rurales sometidos al cuestionario de estilo de vida, evaluación antropométrica, bioquímica, cardiovascular y determinación de la PRF. La antropometría se estimó con los indicadores índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relación cintura/cadera (RCC), índice de conicidad (IC) y razón cintura-estatura (RCE); el perfil bioquímico identificó colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos y glucemia; la función cardiovascular fue evaluada por la presión arterial sistólica y la presión arterial diastólica en reposo. A partir de las informaciones, los sujetos fueron clasificados de acuerdo con la PRF en G1 (bajo riesgo), G2 (riesgo intermedio) y G3 (alto riesgo). Los análisis estadísticos consistieron en frecuencia y porcentaje, comparación de promedios por la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y correlación de Pearson o Spearman, considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: En cuanto a las PRF, el 81,4% de las mujeres y el 51,9% de los hombres tenían bajo riesgo cardiovascular, con más de la mitad de los trabajadores con respuestas inadecuadas en los parámetros RCC (58,7%), RCE (67,4%), CT (58,0%) y LDL (52,9%). En la relación del total de puntos absolutos de la PRF con las variables antropométricas, CC y RCE demostraron correlaciones débiles (0,293 y 0,175, respectivamente) y RCC y IC, correlaciones moderadas (0,475 y 0,459, respectivamente). Conclusión: Algunos indicadores antropométricos (RCC e IC) presentaron relaciones más fuertes con la PRF, apuntando que son más eficaces en determinadas poblaciones, además de indicar la mayor probabilidad de eventos cardiovasculares en los trabajadores rurales. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudios de diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

Formação fisioterapêutica na abordagem integral do cuidado em saúde com base na funcionalidade humana / Physiotherapy training in the integral approach of health care based on human functionality

Objetivo: Reconhecer no processo de formação em Fisioterapia a abordagem para o cuidado em saúde com base na International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo, com caráter transversal, de natureza qualiquantitativa. A coleta de dados no período de março à julho de 2016, durante os Estágios Supervisionados em Fisioterapia na Saúde Coletiva, na rede básica de serviços, em quatro Estratégias de Saúde da Família do município de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. Foram identificadas as pessoas de acordo com a área: neurológica, musculoesquelética e cardiorrespiratória, sob o prisma da integralidade proposto pela ICF. As informações foram registradas em fichas próprias, instrumentos de avaliação funcional e testes específicos da fisioterapia. Os dados foram associados à ICF no linking com as categorias ICF. A análise por frequência absoluta. Resultados: 118 participantes, 74 do sexo feminino, sendo 61 idosos. Os atendimentos, em mais de 80% dos casos, foram em visitas domiciliares. Na associação entre os instrumentos e testes de avaliação funcional e a ICF foram identificados 19 domínios, sendo codificados em 34 categorias de segundo nível e 09 subcategorias de terceiro nível. Os participantes de acordo com a área de intervenção, na neurológica (n=26), na musculoesquelética (n=75) e na cardiorrespiratória (n=17). Conclusões: É possível reconhecer a abordagem para o cuidado em saúde, em três grandes áreas do conhecimento, orientada pela ICF, definido os componentes da saúde e alguns componentes do bem-estar relacionados com a saúde.

Objective: To recognize in the training process in Physical Therapy the approach to health care based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Descriptive observational study, with transversal character, of a qualitaiquantitative nature. Data collection from March to July 2016, during the Supervised Internships in Physiotherapy in Collective Health, in the basic service network, in four Family Health Strategies in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. The individuals were identified according to the neurological, musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory areas, under the prism of integrality proposed by the ICF. The information was recorded in personal files, functional assessment instruments and specific physical therapy tests. The data were associated with ICF in the linking with ICF categories. The analysis by absolute frequency. Results: 118 participants, 74 female, 61 elderly. The physical therapy appointments, in more than 80% of the cases, were in home visits. In the association between the instruments and functional assessment tests and the ICF, 19 domains were identified, being coded in 34 second level categories and 09 third level subcategories. Participants according to the intervention area, in the neurological (n=26), musculoskeletal (n=75) and cardiorespiratory (n=17). Conclusions: It is possible to recognize the approach to health care in three broad areas of knowledge, guided by the ICF, defined the components of health and some components of well-being related to health.

Cumulative incidence of youth obesity is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels and with maternal overweight / Incidência cumulativa de obesidade juvenil está associada com níveis baixos de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e com excesso de peso materno / Incidencia acumulativa de la obesidad juvenil es asociada con niveles de baja aptitud cardiorespiratoria y con sobrepeso materno

This longitudinal study evaluated the association between the incidence of youth overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob) and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) over 4 years and youths' and their parents' demographic and nutritional characteristics. The randomized sample comprised 398 youth, aged 7-17 years at baseline, from a city in southern Brazil. Subjects were classified as being Ow/Ob according to international body mass index (BMI) parameters. Parental weight and height were determined by direct questioning. Youth CRF was measured by a 9-minute walk-and-run test. The cumulative incidences of Ow/Ob and of low CRF levels were 25.1% and 20.5%, respectively. Relative to other youth, youth who were classified as "unhealthy" at baseline (with respect to CRF) and by the fourth year were more likely to be classified as Ow/Ob (relative risks: 1.12 and 1.10, respectively). Youth whose mothers were categorized as Ow/Ob were at higher risk of being classified as Ow/Ob than youth whose mothers had normal BMIs (relative risks: 1.19 at baseline and 1.20 in the fourth year). The incidence of Ow/Ob among the former youth was associated with low CRF levels and with maternal Ob.

O presente estudo longitudinal avaliou a associação entre a incidência de sobrepeso/obesidade e de baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) em escolares, ao longo de 4 anos, com características demográficas e nutricionais de seus pais. A amostra aleatória foi composta por 398 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Os escolares foram classificados em sobrepeso/obesidade de acordo com os pontos de corte internacionais para o índice de massa corporal (IMC). O peso e a estatura dos pais foram avaliados através de uma pergunta direta. A APCR dos escolares foi avaliada através do teste de corrida/caminhada de 9 minutos. A incidência cumulativa de sobrepeso/obesidade encontrada nos escolares foi de 25,1% e baixos níveis de APCR foi de 20,5%. Escolares classificados com baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (risco relativo: 1,12 no início do estudo e 1,10 após 4 anos) e cujas mães são obesas (risco relativo: 1,19 no início do estudo e 1,20 no quarto ano) apresentaram risco maior de apresentarem sobrepeso/obesidade. Assim, a incidência de sobrepeso/obesidade em escolares está associada com baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e obesidade da mãe.

Este estudio longitudinal examinó la asociación entre la incidencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y de bajos niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (APCR) en escolares, en un período de cuatro años, con características demográficas y nutricionales de sus padres. La muestra aleatoria estuvo conformada por 398 escolares entre 7 y 17 años, en el sur de Brasil. Los estudiantes fueron clasificados como con sobrepeso/obesidad según los puntos de corte internacionales para el índice de masa corporal (IMC). El peso y la talla de los padres fueron evaluados por una pregunta directa. La APCR en niños se evaluó mediante la prueba de carrera/caminata en nueve minutos. La incidencia acumulada de sobrepeso/obesidad en los niños fue de 25,1% y los bajos niveles de APCR fueron de 20,5%. Los niños clasificados con bajos niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (riesgo relativo: 1,12 al inicio y 1,10 después de 4 años) y que tienen madre obesa (riesgo relativo: 1,19 al inicio y 1,20 en el cuarto año) tienen un riesgo mayor para el desarrollo de sobrepeso/obesidad. La incidencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en escolares se muestra asociada a los bajos niveles de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y la obesidad de la madre.

Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk among children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood.

Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk among children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalencia de obesidade e risco cardiovascular em criancas e adolescentes do municipio de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos demonstram que as complicações metabólicas da obesidade infantil, mesmo silenciosas, aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares na fase adulta. O presente estudo buscou descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, analisando possível relação entre obesidade e demais fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado em universidade. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 564 crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 17 anos. Foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura para avaliar obesidade. Outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares foram avaliados, como pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia, triglicerídeos e colesterol total. Foi utilizada a análise descritiva para caracterização da amostra, teste de qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas e correlação linear de Pearson para avaliar a relação entre os indicadores de obesidade e demais fatores de risco cardiovasculares. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade entre os escolares (25,3% entre os meninos e 25,6% entre as meninas), assim como obesidade abdominal (19,0%). Escolares com sobrepeso/obesidade apresentaram percentual superior para os indicadores bioquímicos e pressóricos, em comparação aos escolares com baixo peso/normal. Foi encontrada correlação fraca entre índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura com as variáveis: idade, pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica (P < 0,001), não havendo correlação entre esses índices de obesidade com as variáveis bioquímicas. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade encontrada, bem como sua ...

Obesity and arterial hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul--RS, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brazil, in 2005 and 2008. METHOD: The study was performed with two consecutive cross-sectional measurements, consisting of a stratified cluster sample, totaling 414 students, aged between 7 and 17 years, of which 215 (51.9%) were males and 199 (48.1%) were females. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF). Hypertension was measured by blood pressure values, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP). RESULTS: BMI assessment showed 18.6% and 22.3% of excess weight in males and 22.6% and 14.6% in females (in 2005 and 2008, respectively). Regarding obesity, the prevalence was 4.7% in both years for males and a reduction from 12.6% to 9.0% was observed in females. When analyzing the difference between assessments, there was significance in the BMI classification (p = 0.022) and %BF (p = 0.017) only in females. Statistically significant changes in SBP were found only in males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The levels of excess weight, obesity, and %BF in females, as well as the increased levels of systolic blood pressure in males, demonstrate the need for early intervention through more effective public health campaigns.

Obesidade e hipertensão arterial em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brasil / Obesity and arterial hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de obesidade e hipertensão arterial em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brasil, nos períodos de 2005 e 2008. MÉTODO: Estudo com duas medidas transversais consecutivas, composto de amostra estratificada por conglomerados, totalizando 414 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, 215 (51,9%) do sexo masculino, e 199 (48,1%) do sexo feminino. Foi avaliada a obesidade através do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e percentual de gordura (%G). A hipertensão foi ponderada pelos valores de pressões arteriais, tanto sistólica (PAS) quanto diastólica (PAD). RESULTADOS: A avaliação do IMC evidenciou 18,6% e 22,3% de excesso de peso nos meninos (2005 e 2008, respectivamente), enquanto nas meninas estes índices foram de 22,6% e 14,6%. Em relação à obesidade, a prevalência foi de 4,7% em ambos os anos para os meninos, e redução de 12,6% para 9,0% nas meninas, quando comparados os dois anos. Quando analisada a diferença entre as avaliações, houve significância na classificação do IMC (p = 0,022) e %G (p = 0,017) somente no sexo feminino. Alterações estatisticamente significativas para a alteração da PAS foram encontradas somente no sexo masculino (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de excesso de peso, obesidade e percentual de gordura em meninas, bem como o aumento dos níveis tensionais de pressão arterial sistólica em meninos, evidenciam a necessidade de intervenção precoce através de campanhas de saúde pública mais eficazes.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brazil, in 2005 and 2008. METHOD: The study was performed with two consecutive cross-sectional measurements, consisting of a stratified cluster sample, totaling 414 students, aged between 7 and 17 years, of which 215 (51.9%) were males and 199 (48.1%) were females. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF). Hypertension was measured by blood pressure values, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP). RESULTS: BMI assessment showed 18.6% and 22.3% of excess weight in males and 22.6% and 14.6% in females (in 2005 and 2008, respectively). Regarding obesity, the prevalence was 4.7% in both years for males and a reduction from 12.6% to 9.0% was observed in females. When analyzing the difference between assessments, there was significance in the BMI classification (p = 0.022) and %BF (p = 0.017) only in females. Statistically significant changes in SBP were found only in males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The levels of excess weight, obesity, and %BF in females, as well as the increased levels of systolic blood pressure in males, demonstrate the need for early intervention through more effective public health campaigns.