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1.
Anthropol Anz ; 2024 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38873814

RESUMO

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic infectious disease during childhood both in historical and contemporary times, but research focused on the oral health of non-adults from the past is still scant. As such, this study proposes a multidisciplinary approach to the differential diagnosis of severe dental lesions in a medieval non-adult skeleton. The skeleton of a three-year-old child recovered in the medieval necropolis of Cacela Velha (Portugal) was studied through macroscopic, radiological, elemental and stable isotope analyses. This individual exhibited enamel destruction and dentine exposure in both the maxillary and mandibular teeth, with the latter also showing changes in coloration. Elemental analysis showed that his skull presented lower values of Si, Cl, and Ca and higher of Cu compared to the control, while the concentration of P and S were significantly lower in the teeth. Early childhood caries is the most probable diagnosis for the dental lesions observed, apparently stemming from a reticulate of factors that include potential malnutrition, and the consumption of sugars in complementary feeding - even though historical sources point to the scarcity of sugar in Portugal during most of the Middle Ages.

2.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38617365

RESUMO

The plant corepressor TPL is recruited to diverse chromatin contexts, yet its mechanism of repression remains unclear. Previously, we have leveraged the fact that TPL retains its function in a synthetic transcriptional circuit in the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to localize repressive function to two distinct domains. Here, we employed two unbiased whole genome approaches to map the physical and genetic interactions of TPL at a repressed locus. We identified SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 as necessary for repression with the SPT4 subunit acting as a bridge connecting TPL to SPT5 and SPT6. We also discovered the association of multiple additional constituents of the transcriptional preinitiation complex at TPL-repressed promoters, specifically those involved in early transcription initiation events. These findings were validated in yeast and plants through multiple assays, including a novel method to analyze conditional loss of function of essential genes in plants. Our findings support a model where TPL nucleates preassembly of the transcription activation machinery to facilitate rapid onset of transcription once repression is relieved.

3.
Nat Struct Mol Biol ; 30(11): 1761-1773, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37845410

RESUMO

The cellular ability to react to environmental fluctuations depends on signaling networks that are controlled by the dynamic activities of kinases and phosphatases. Here, to gain insight into these stress-responsive phosphorylation networks, we generated a quantitative mass spectrometry-based atlas of early phosphoproteomic responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to 101 environmental and chemical perturbations. We report phosphosites on 59% of the yeast proteome, with 18% of the proteome harboring a phosphosite that is regulated within 5 min of stress exposure. We identify shared and perturbation-specific stress response programs, uncover loss of phosphorylation as an integral early event, and dissect the interconnected regulatory landscape of kinase-substrate networks, as we exemplify with target of rapamycin signaling. We further reveal functional organization principles of the stress-responsive phosphoproteome based on phosphorylation site motifs, kinase activities, subcellular localizations, shared functions and pathway intersections. This information-rich map of 25,000 regulated phosphosites advances our understanding of signaling networks.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo
4.
RNA Biol ; 20(1): 791-804, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37776539

RESUMO

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) maintain translation fidelity through accurate charging by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and codon:anticodon base pairing with the mRNA at the ribosome. Mistranslation occurs when an amino acid not specified by the genetic message is incorporated into proteins and has applications in biotechnology, therapeutics and is relevant to disease. Since the alanyl-tRNA synthetase uniquely recognizes a G3:U70 base pair in tRNAAla and the anticodon plays no role in charging, tRNAAla variants with anticodon mutations have the potential to mis-incorporate alanine. Here, we characterize the impact of the 60 non-alanine tRNAAla anticodon variants on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, 36 tRNAAla anticodon variants decreased growth in single- or multi-copy. Mass spectrometry analysis of the cellular proteome revealed that 52 of 57 anticodon variants, not decoding alanine or stop codons, induced mistranslation when on single-copy plasmids. Variants with G/C-rich anticodons resulted in larger growth deficits than A/U-rich variants. In most instances, synonymous anticodon variants impact growth differently, with anticodons containing U at base 34 being the least impactful. For anticodons generating the same amino acid substitution, reduced growth generally correlated with the abundance of detected mistranslation events. Differences in decoding specificity, even between synonymous anticodons, resulted in each tRNAAla variant mistranslating unique sets of peptides and proteins. We suggest that these differences in decoding specificity are also important in determining the impact of tRNAAla anticodon variants.


Assuntos
Anticódon , RNA de Transferência de Alanina , Anticódon/genética , RNA de Transferência de Alanina/metabolismo , RNA de Transferência/metabolismo , Códon , Alanina/genética , Alanina/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas
5.
J Proteome Res ; 22(6): 1868-1880, 2023 06 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37097255

RESUMO

Phosphotyrosine (pY) enrichment is critical for expanding the fundamental and clinical understanding of cellular signaling by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. However, current pY enrichment methods exhibit a high cost per sample and limited reproducibility due to expensive affinity reagents and manual processing. We present rapid-robotic phosphotyrosine proteomics (R2-pY), which uses a magnetic particle processor and pY superbinders or antibodies. R2-pY can handle up to 96 samples in parallel, requires 2 days to go from cell lysate to mass spectrometry injections, and results in global proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and tyrosine-specific phosphoproteomic samples. We benchmark the method on HeLa cells stimulated with pervanadate and serum and report over 4000 unique pY sites from 1 mg of peptide input, strong reproducibility between replicates, and phosphopeptide enrichment efficiencies above 99%. R2-pY extends our previously reported R2-P2 proteomic and global phosphoproteomic sample preparation framework, opening the door to large-scale studies of pY signaling in concert with global proteome and phosphoproteome profiling.


Assuntos
Peptídeos , Proteômica , Humanos , Fosfotirosina/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Proteômica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Peptídeos/química , Fosforilação , Fosfopeptídeos/análise , Proteoma/análise
6.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36711935

RESUMO

Phosphotyrosine (pY) enrichment is critical for expanding fundamental and clinical understanding of cellular signaling by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. However, current pY enrichment methods exhibit a high cost per sample and limited reproducibility due to expensive affinity reagents and manual processing. We present rapid-robotic phosphotyrosine proteomics (R2-pY), which uses a magnetic particle processor and pY superbinders or antibodies. R2-pY handles 96 samples in parallel, requires 2 days to go from cell lysate to mass spectrometry injections, and results in global proteomic, phosphoproteomic and tyrosine specific phosphoproteomic samples. We benchmark the method on HeLa cells stimulated with pervanadate and serum and report over 4000 unique pY sites from 1 mg of peptide input, strong reproducibility between replicates, and phosphopeptide enrichment efficiencies above 99%. R2-pY extends our previously reported R2-P2 proteomic and global phosphoproteomic sample preparation framework, opening the door to large-scale studies of pY signaling in concert with global proteome and phosphoproteome profiling.

7.
Anal Chem ; 94(44): 15198-15206, 2022 11 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36306373

RESUMO

Stable-isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based metabolic labeling is a widely adopted proteomics approach that enables quantitative comparisons among a variety of experimental conditions. Despite its quantitative capacity, SILAC experiments analyzed with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) do not fully leverage peptide pair information for identification and suffer from undersampling compared to label-free proteomic experiments. Herein, we developed a DDA strategy that coisolates and fragments SILAC peptide pairs and uses y-ions for their relative quantification. To facilitate the analysis of this type of data, we adapted the Comet sequence database search engine to make use of SILAC peptide paired fragments and developed a tool to annotate and quantify MS/MS spectra of coisolated SILAC pairs. This peptide pair coisolation approach generally improved expectation scores compared to the traditional DDA approach. Fragment ion quantification performed similarly well to precursor quantification in the MS1 and achieved more quantifications. Lastly, our method enables reliable MS/MS quantification of SILAC proteome mixtures with overlapping isotopic distributions. This study shows the feasibility of the coisolation approach. Coupling this approach with intelligent acquisition strategies has the potential to improve SILAC peptide sampling and quantification.


Assuntos
Proteômica , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Marcação por Isótopo/métodos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Peptídeos , Proteoma/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos
8.
Proteomics ; 22(19-20): e2100253, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35776068

RESUMO

In mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics, labeling with isobaric mass tags such as iTRAQ and TMT can substantially improve sample throughput and reduce peptide missing values. Nonetheless, the quantification of labeled peptides tends to suffer from reduced accuracy due to the co-isolation of co-eluting precursors of similar mass-to-charge. Acquisition approaches such as multistage MS3 or ion mobility separation address this problem, yet are difficult to audit and limited to expensive instrumentation. Here we introduce IsobaricQuant, an open-source software tool for quantification, visualization, and filtering of peptides labeled with isobaric mass tags, with specific focus on precursor interference. IsobaricQuant is compatible with MS2 and MS3 acquisition strategies, has a viewer that allows assessing interference, and provides several scores to aid the filtering of scans with compression. We demonstrate that IsobaricQuant quantifications are accurate by comparing it with commonly used software. We further show that its QC scores can successfully filter out scans with reduced quantitative accuracy at MS2 and MS3 levels, removing inaccurate peptide quantifications and decreasing protein CVs. Finally, we apply IsobaricQuant to a PISA dataset and show that QC scores improve the sensitivity of the identification of protein targets of a kinase inhibitor. IsobaricQuant is available at https://github.com/Villen-Lab/isobaricquant.


Assuntos
Peptídeos , Proteômica , Proteômica/métodos , Peptídeos/química , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos
9.
Ann Dermatol Venereol ; 149(4): 258-263, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35738946

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lentigo maligna (LM) can develop into lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) with risk of metastatic dissemination. LMM may be underestimated on the basis of the initial biopsy. The invasion may affect both the therapeutic options and the prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To identify the clinical features associated with invasive forms of LM and factors associated with its recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective, single-centre study of consecutive LM and LMM histologically confirmed and treated by surgery between 2009 and 2014. RESULTS: In total, 175 patients with LM/LMM were surgically treated in our establishment. In men, lesions were more likely to be in the "peripheral zone" (41.8%), while in women they were seen more often in the "central zone" (P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, only the peripheral zone was found to be associated with a risk of invasion (P=0.008). The rate of recurrence was 9% and lesions were more likely to be primary LMM (P=0.0006) excised with clear margins. CONCLUSION: The treatment of choice in LM with non-clear margins must be re-excision, especially for lesions situated in the peripheral zone. Close follow-up is recommended due to risk of recurrence, even in the case of clear margins.


Assuntos
Sarda Melanótica de Hutchinson , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Sarda Melanótica de Hutchinson/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Margens de Excisão
10.
Bioinformatics ; 37(Suppl_1): i434-i442, 2021 07 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34252924

RESUMO

MOTIVATION: Tandem mass spectrometry data acquired using data independent acquisition (DIA) is challenging to interpret because the data exhibits complex structure along both the mass-to-charge (m/z) and time axes. The most common approach to analyzing this type of data makes use of a library of previously observed DIA data patterns (a 'spectral library'), but this approach is expensive because the libraries do not typically generalize well across laboratories. RESULTS: Here, we propose DIAmeter, a search engine that detects peptides in DIA data using only a peptide sequence database. Although some existing library-free DIA analysis methods (i) support data generated using both wide and narrow isolation windows, (ii) detect peptides containing post-translational modifications, (iii) analyze data from a variety of instrument platforms and (iv) are capable of detecting peptides even in the absence of detectable signal in the survey (MS1) scan, DIAmeter is the only method that offers all four capabilities in a single tool. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The open source, Apache licensed source code is available as part of the Crux mass spectrometry analysis toolkit (http://crux.ms). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Assuntos
Peptídeos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Software
12.
Mol Syst Biol ; 15(12): e9021, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31885202

RESUMO

Recent developments in proteomics have enabled signaling studies where > 10,000 phosphosites can be routinely identified and quantified. Yet, current analyses are limited in throughput, reproducibility, and robustness, hampering experiments that involve multiple perturbations, such as those needed to map kinase-substrate relationships, capture pathway crosstalks, and network inference analysis. To address these challenges, we introduce rapid-robotic phosphoproteomics (R2-P2), an end-to-end automated method that uses magnetic particles to process protein extracts to deliver mass spectrometry-ready phosphopeptides. R2-P2 is rapid, robust, versatile, and high-throughput. To showcase the method, we applied it, in combination with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, to study signaling dynamics in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in yeast. Our results reveal broad and specific signaling events along the mating, the high-osmolarity glycerol, and the invasive growth branches of the MAPK pathway, with robust phosphorylation of downstream regulatory proteins and transcription factors. Our method facilitates large-scale signaling studies involving hundreds of perturbations opening the door to systems-level studies aiming to capture signaling complexity.


Assuntos
Fosfoproteínas/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Leveduras/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Espectrometria de Massas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Robótica
13.
Genetics ; 213(3): 849-863, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31484688

RESUMO

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic code, translating nucleic acid sequence into protein. For tRNASer the anticodon does not specify its aminoacylation. For this reason, mutations in the tRNASer anticodon can result in amino acid substitutions, a process called mistranslation. Previously, we found that tRNASer with a proline anticodon was lethal to cells. However, by incorporating secondary mutations into the tRNA, mistranslation was dampened to a nonlethal level. The goal of this work was to identify second-site substitutions in tRNASer that modulate mistranslation to different levels. Targeted changes to putative identity elements led to total loss of tRNA function or significantly impaired cell growth. However, through genetic selection, we identified 22 substitutions that allow nontoxic mistranslation. These secondary mutations are primarily in single-stranded regions or substitute G:U base pairs for Watson-Crick pairs. Many of the variants are more toxic at low temperature and upon impairing the rapid tRNA decay pathway. We suggest that the majority of the secondary mutations affect the stability of the tRNA in cells. The temperature sensitivity of the tRNAs allows conditional mistranslation. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that tRNASer variants mistranslate to different extents with diminished growth correlating with increased mistranslation. When combined with a secondary mutation, other anticodon substitutions allow serine mistranslation at additional nonserine codons. These mistranslating tRNAs have applications in synthetic biology, by creating "statistical proteins," which may display a wider range of activities or substrate specificities than the homogenous form.


Assuntos
Mutação com Perda de Função , RNA de Transferência de Serina/genética , Pareamento de Bases , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA , Estabilidade de RNA , RNA de Transferência de Serina/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae
14.
Anim Genet ; 49(3): 249-253, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29635692

RESUMO

Within the framework of genome-wide analyses using the novel Axiom® genotyping array, we investigated the distribution of two previously described coat color patterns, namely sabino1 (SBI), associated with the KIT gene (KI16+1037A), and splashed white, associated with the PAX3 gene (ECA6:g.11429753C>T; PAX3C70Y ), including a total of 899 horses originating from eight different breeds (Achal Theke, Purebred Arabian, Partbred Arabian, Anglo-Arabian, Shagya Arabian, Haflinger, Lipizzan and Noriker). Based on the data we collected we were able to demonstrate that, besides Quarter horses, the PAX3C70Y allele is also present in Noriker (seven out of 189) and Lipizzan (three out of 329) horses. The SB1 allele was present in three breeds (Haflinger, 14 out of 98; Noriker, four out of 189; Lipizzan one out of 329). Furthermore, we examined the phenotypes of SB1- and PAX3C70Y -carrier horses for their characteristic white spotting patterns. None of the SB1/sb1-carrier horses met the criteria defining the Sabino1 pattern according to current applied protocols. From 10 heterozygous PAX3C70Y -carrier horses, two had nearly a splashed white phenotype. The results of this large-scale experiment on the genetic association of white spotting patterns in horses underline the influence of gene interactions and population differences on complex traits such as Sabino1 and splashed white.


Assuntos
Cor de Cabelo/genética , Cavalos/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Alelos , Animais , Cruzamento , Estudos de Associação Genética , Heterozigoto , Fator de Transcrição PAX3/genética , Fenótipo , Pigmentação/genética
15.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet ; 63(1): 47-53, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28755830

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to determine the necessary surgical margins to obtain a complete R0 resection for head and neck dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) using Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery. The secondary objective is to study the recurrence rate of these tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery was used for patients included between 2005 and 2015 at Bordeaux universitary hospital. For each patient the age, the sex and death occurrence, the initial surgical margins, the surgical margins for complete R0 resection, the occurrence of local or general recurrence during follow-up were reported. Surgery was realized under local anesthesia. The closure of the tumor site was realized secondarily using a skin graft or local flap. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included in the study. Initial surgical margins were 10mm (9 patients) or 15mm (11 patients). Complete resection was obtained from the first surgery for fifteen patients (75%). The average surgical margin for a complete R0 resection was 15,25±5,7mm (10-25). None of the patients presented recurrences during the entire follow-up (38 months) CONCLUSION: A complete R0 resection of head and neck DFSP is obtained from the first surgery in 75% of the cases, with minimum surgical margins (12,75±2,55mm) using the Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery. This allows a reduction of surgical margins and local recurrences. This technique provides a preservation of soft-tissues, which plays a key role for head and neck surgery.


Assuntos
Dermatofibrossarcoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Cirurgia de Mohs , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Dermatofibrossarcoma/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Margens de Excisão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cirurgia de Mohs/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
EMBO Rep ; 18(12): 2197-2218, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29079657

RESUMO

Gene expression regulation is essential for cells to adapt to changes in their environment. Co-activator complexes have well-established roles in transcriptional regulation, but less is known about how they sense and respond to signaling cues. We have previously shown that, in fission yeast, one such co-activator, the SAGA complex, controls gene expression and the switch from proliferation to differentiation in response to nutrient availability. Here, using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and proteomic approaches, we show that SAGA responds to nutrients through the differential phosphorylation of its Taf12 component, downstream of both the TORC1 and TORC2 pathways. Taf12 phosphorylation increases early upon starvation and is controlled by the opposing activities of the PP2A phosphatase, which is activated by TORC1, and the TORC2-activated Gad8AKT kinase. Mutational analyses suggest that Taf12 phosphorylation prevents cells from committing to differentiation until starvation reaches a critical level. Overall, our work reveals that SAGA is a direct target of nutrient-sensing pathways and has uncovered a mechanism by which TORC1 and TORC2 converge to control gene expression and cell fate decisions.


Assuntos
Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/genética , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 2 de Rapamicina/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Mutação , Fosforilação/genética , Proteômica/métodos , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transativadores/genética , Transcrição Gênica
17.
Dis Esophagus ; 30(11): 1-7, 2017 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28881904

RESUMO

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Barrett's esophagus (BE) has been examined but remains unclear. The purpose of the study is to dispute the connection between HPV and BE in a prospective case-control study. Biopsies were performed above and inside the Barrett's segment for BE patients and in the distal third of the esophagus for control patients for histological interpretation and for virological analysis. Biopsies for virological analysis were placed in a virus transport medium and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Virological analysis involved real-time PCR using the SyBr® green protocol with modified SPF10 general primers. A total of 180 patients (119 control and 61 BE, respectively) were included. In BE patients, 31, 18, and 12 patients had, respectively, no dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high grade dysplasia. Overall, nine were found to be HPV positive: five were control patients and four BE patients. HPV positive status was not associated with BE. No factors were associated with HPV, in particular the degree of BE dysplasia. HPV infection appears unlikely to be significant in the etiology of BE compared with control patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT02549053).


Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Idoso , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , França , Humanos , Hiperplasia/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
18.
Science ; 354(6309): 229-232, 2016 10 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27738172

RESUMO

Living organisms have evolved protein phosphorylation, a rapid and versatile mechanism that drives signaling and regulates protein function. We report the phosphoproteomes of 18 fungal species and a phylogenetic-based approach to study phosphosite evolution. We observe rapid divergence, with only a small fraction of phosphosites conserved over hundreds of millions of years. Relative to recently acquired phosphosites, ancient sites are enriched at protein interfaces and are more likely to be functionally important, as we show for sites on H2A1 and eIF4E. We also observe a change in phosphorylation motif frequencies and kinase activities that coincides with the whole-genome duplication event. Our results provide an evolutionary history for phosphosites and suggest that rapid evolution of phosphorylation can contribute strongly to phenotypic diversity.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Fungos/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Fúngicas/classificação , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Fungos/genética , Genoma Fúngico , Genômica , Fenótipo , Fosfoproteínas/classificação , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosforilação/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/classificação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteoma/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais
19.
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res ; 102(7): 839-843, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27697406

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Among the various elbow injuries in children that initially have normal radiographs, a certain number of occult fractures are only diagnosed correctly after the fact, during a follow-up visit. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the diagnostic contribution of ultrasonography in the treatment of acute elbow injuries in children and the strategic and economic impact of using this tool alongside radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During this prospective study performed between January 1 and April 1 2014, elbow ultrasonography was performed within 6 days in all children under 15 years of age with a suspected occult fracture. The ultrasonography exam looked for lipohemarthrosis, the posterior fat pad sign and cortical disruption. If no fracture was visible on ultrasonography, a removable splint was given to the patient to relieve pain, and no radiological or clinical follow-up was scheduled. The patients were contacted again at least 15 days later to determine whether an undetected fracture was present. Lastly, we evaluated the cost of treatment with and without ultrasonography in the cases where no fracture was diagnosed. RESULTS: In 13 cases, ultrasonography revealed lipohemarthrosis and a fat pat sign, with cortical disruption also present in 11 of these cases. In two cases, the diagnosis was made based solely on the presence of lipohemarthrosis and a fat pat sign. There were seven lateral condyle fractures, two medial epicondyle fractures and two supracondylar fractures. Among the 21 patients with normal ultrasonography, no fracture was diagnosed later on. In patients without a fracture, using ultrasonography resulted in a cost savings of €29.10 per patient versus not using it. CONCLUSION: In our study, ultrasonography is a sensitive examination for the diagnosis of occult elbow fractures in children. When the radiography and ultrasonography are both normal, the possibility of fracture can be rule out definitively, which reduces the need for immobilization, follow-up and treatment costs. The findings of this preliminary study should be validated with a larger prospective study.


Assuntos
Lesões no Cotovelo , Fraturas Fechadas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Intra-Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Articulação do Cotovelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fraturas Fechadas/economia , França , Humanos , Fraturas Intra-Articulares/economia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia/economia , Ultrassonografia/economia
20.
J Anim Sci ; 93(10): 4651-9, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26523557

RESUMO

An A/C mutation responsible for the ability to pace in horses was recently discovered in the gene. It has also been proven that allele C has a negative effect on trotters' performances. However, in French trotters (FT), the frequency of allele A is only 77% due to an unexpected positive effect of allele C in late-career FT performances. Here we set out to ascertain whether the genotype at SNP (linked to ) should be used to compute EBV for FT. We used the genotypes of 630 horses, with 41,711 SNP retained. The pedigree comprised 5,699 horses. Qualification status (trotters need to complete a 2,000-m race within a limited time to begin their career) and earnings at different ages were precorrected for fixed effects and evaluated with a multitrait model. Estimated breeding values were computed with and without the genotype at SNP as a fixed effect in the model. The analyses were performed using pedigree only via BLUP and using the genotypes via genomic BLUP (GBLUP). The genotype at SNP was removed from the file of genotypes when already taken into account as a fixed effect. Alternatively, 3 groups of 100 candidates were used for validation. Validations were also performed on 50 random-clustered groups of 126 candidates and compared against the results of the 3 disjoint sets. For performances on which has a minor effect, the coefficients of correlation were not improved when the genotype at SNP was a fixed effect in the model (earnings at 3 and 4 yr). However, for traits proven strongly related to , the accuracy of evaluation was improved, increasing +0.17 for earnings at 2 yr, +0.04 for earnings at 5 yr and older, and +0.09 for qualification status (with the GBLUP method). For all traits, the bias was reduced when the SNP linked to was a fixed effect in the model. This work finds a clear rationale for using the genotype at for this multitrait evaluation. Genomic selection seemed to achieve better results than classic selection.


Assuntos
Genômica/métodos , Cavalos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Alelos , Animais , Cruzamento , Bases de Dados Factuais , Genótipo , Mutação , Linhagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
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