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1.
Am J Community Psychol ; 72(3-4): 464-485, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37649444

RESUMO

Structural racism contributes to homelessness in the United States, as evidenced by the stark racial disparities in who experiences it. This paper reviews research at the intersections of race and homelessness to advance efforts to understand and address racial inequities. Part 1 offers a synthesis of homelessness research from the 1980s to 2015, where several scholars examined the role of race and racism despite mainstream efforts to present the issue as race-neutral. Part 2 presents the results of a systematic scoping review of research at the intersections of race and homelessness from 2016 to 2021. The 90 articles included demonstrate a growing, multidisciplinary body of literature that documents how needs and trajectories of people experiencing homelessness differ by race, examines how the racialized structuring of society contributes to homelessness risk, and explores how programs, policies, and grassroots action can address inequities. In addition to charting findings and implications, included studies are appraised against research principles developed by Critical Race Theory scholars, mapping the potential of existing research on race and homelessness to challenge racism.


Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Racismo , Humanos , Estados Unidos
3.
Psychol Serv ; 16(1): 134-142, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30431307

RESUMO

In response to the growing awareness of the high rates of potentially traumatic experiences and their potential adverse impacts, health and human service providers have increasingly focused on implementing trauma-informed care (TIC). However, studies focusing on effective implementation have been limited. In this study, we explored the relationship of individual and agency characteristics to the level of organizational TIC. With data collected from a sample of 345 providers from 67 agencies, we used the TICOMETER, a brief measure of organizational TIC with strong psychometric properties, to determine these associations. We found weak relationships between individual factors and TICOMETER scores and stronger associations for agency-level factors. These included agency type, time since last trauma training, and involvement of service users. These findings highlight the importance of robust cultural changes, service user involvement at all levels of the organization, flattening power differentials, and providing ongoing experiential training. This analysis fills an important gap in our knowledge of how best to ensure agency-wide provision of TIC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Eficiência Organizacional , Órgãos Governamentais , Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Profissional , Trauma Psicológico/terapia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal , Adulto , Eficiência Organizacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Órgãos Governamentais/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 54(2): 86-96.e2, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25617249

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The numbers of children experiencing homelessness have increased. To develop responsive interventions, we must understand their mental health/behavioral needs. The purpose of this systematic review was to update the evidence base by identifying, appraising, and summarizing studies on the prevalence of mental health issues among homeless children, comparing these individuals to low-income-housed children, and discussing research, practice, and policy implications. METHOD: We searched 3 electronic databases and included empirical studies investigating the prevalence of mental illness in homeless children in the United States (1990-2014). Retrieved publications were screened, data extracted, and study quality appraised by independent reviewers. Evidence synthesis was based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) of individual studies were pooled using an inverse-variance random effects model. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included and reviewed. Overall, 10% to 26% of homeless preschoolers had mental health problems requiring clinical evaluation. This proportion increased to 24% to 40% among homeless school-age children, a rate 2 to 4 times higher than poor children aged 6 to 11 years in the National Survey of America's Families. According to our meta-analyses, the difference in prevalence measured by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Total Problems (T score ≥60-64) was not significantly different between homeless and housed preschool children (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 0.97-2.28). School-age homeless children compared to housed children were significantly more likely to have a mental health problem as defined by the CBCL Total Problems subscale (T score ≥60; OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.19-2.66). CONCLUSION: Evidence-based mental health interventions for children experiencing homelessness are long overdue. Universal screening, treatment plan development, and support of adaptive systems that focus on positive parenting and children's self-regulation are essential.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Pobreza , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
5.
Am J Orthopsychiatry ; 84(5): 457-74, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25265216

RESUMO

Family homelessness has become a growing public health problem over the last 3 decades. Despite this trend, few studies have explored the effectiveness of housing interventions and housing and service interventions. The purpose of this systematic review is to appraise and synthesize evidence on effective interventions addressing family homelessness. We searched 10 major electronic databases from 2007 to 2013. Empirical studies investigating effectiveness of housing interventions and housing and service interventions for American homeless families regardless of publication status were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes included housing status, employment, parental trauma and mental health and substance use, children's behavioral and academic status, and family reunification. Study quality was appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Six studies were included in this review. Overall, there was some postintervention improvement in housing and employment, but ongoing residential and work stability were not achieved. Methodological limitations, poor reporting quality, and inconsistent definitions across outcomes hindered between-study comparisons. Substantial limitations in research underscore the insufficiency of our current knowledge base for ending homelessness. Although many families were no longer literally homeless, long-term residential stability and employment at a livable wage were not ensured. Developing and implementing evidence-based approaches for addressing homelessness are long overdue.


Assuntos
Família , Programas Governamentais/normas , Habitação/normas , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos
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