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In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), maintaining water quality in aquaculture tanks is a paramount factor for effective fish production. A down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor, a trickling filter system used for water treatment of RAS that employs sponges to retain biomass, has high nitrification activity. However, nitrification in seawater RAS requires a long start-up time owing to the high salinity stress. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nitrification characteristics and changes in the microbial community during the conversion of freshwater to seawater in a DHSreactor fed with ammonia-based artificial seawater. The total ammonia nitrogen concentration reached 1.0â¯mg-N·L-1 (initial concentration 10â¯mg-N·L-1) within 11 days of operation, and nitrate production was observed. The 16â¯S rRNA gene sequence of the DHS-retained sludge indicated that the detection rate of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus decreased from 23.9â¯% to 14.0â¯% and 25.8-17.6â¯% in the upper and lower parts of the DHS reactor, respectively, after the introduction of seawater. In contrast, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira spp. increased from 0.1â¯% to 9.5â¯% and from 0.5â¯% to 10.5â¯%, respectively. The ammonia oxidation rates of 0.12 ± 0.064 and 0.051 ± 0.0043â¯mg-N·g-MLVSS-1·h-1 on the 37th day in the upper and bottom layers, respectively. Thus, nitrification in the DHS reactor performed well, even under high-salinity conditions with short operational days. This finding makes the transition from freshwater to saltwater fish in the RAS system simple and economical, and has the potential for early start-up of the RAS.
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The Atacama Desert, the driest, with the highest radiation, and one of the most ancient deserts in the world, is a hostile environment for life. We have a collection of 74 unique bacterial isolates after cultivation and confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pigmentation, biofilm formation, antimicrobial production against Escherichia coli MG1655 and Staphylococcus aureus HG003, and antibiotic resistance were assessed on these isolates. We found that approximately a third of the colonies produced pigments, 80% of isolates formed biofilms, many isolates produce growth inhibiting activities against E. coli and/or S. aureus, and many were resistant to antibiotics. The functional characterization of these isolates gives us insight into the adaptive bacterial strategies in harsh environments and enables us to learn about their possible use in agriculture, healthcare, or biotechnology.
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BACKGROUND: The common vole has invaded the agroecosystems of northwestern Spain, where outbreaks cause important crop damage and management costs. Little is yet known about the factors causing or modulating vole fluctuations. Here, we used 11 years of vole abundance monitoring data in 40 sites to study density-dependence and weather influence on vole dynamics. Our objective was to identify the population dynamics structure and determine whether there is direct or delayed density-dependence. An evaluation of climatic variables followed, to determine whether they influenced vole population peaks. RESULTS: First- and second-order outbreak dynamics were detected at 7 and 33 study sites, respectively, together with second-order variability in periodicity (2-3 to 4-5-year cycles). Vole population growth was explained by previous year abundance (mainly numbers in summer and spring) at 21 of the sites (52.5%), by weather variables at 11 sites (27.5%; precipitation or temperature in six and five sites, respectively), and by a combination of previous abundance and weather variables in eight sites (20%). CONCLUSIONS: We detected variability in vole spatiotemporal abundance dynamics, which differs in cyclicity and period. We also found regional variation in the relative importance of previous abundances and weather as factors modulating vole fluctuations. Most vole populations were cyclical, with variable periodicity across the region. Our study is a first step towards the development of predictive modeling, by disclosing relevant factors that might trigger vole outbreaks. It improves decision-making processes within integrated management dealing with mitigation of the agricultural impacts caused by voles. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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The wide rocky coastline of the Antofagasta hosts an intertidal ecosystem in which the species that inhabit it are routinely exposed to a wide range of physical and chemical conditions and have therefore evolved to tolerate extremes. In the search for new species of potential biotechnological interest with adaptations to a wide range of environmental conditions, the isolation and characterization of microalgae from these ecosystems is of great interest. Here, a new microalgal strain, Tetraselmis marina AC16-MESO, is described, which was isolated from a biofilm collected on the intertidal rocks of the Antofagasta coast (23°36'57.2â³ S, 70°23'33.8â³ W). In addition to the morphological characterization, 18S and ITS sequence as well as ITS-2 secondary structure analysis revealed an identity of 99.76% and 100% with the species Tetraselmis marina, respectively. The analyses of the culture characteristics and biochemical content showed similarities with other strains that are frequently used in aquaculture, such as the species Tetraselmis suecica. In addition, it is tolerant of a wide range of salinities, thus allowing its culture in water of varying quality. On the other hand, added to these characteristics, the results of the improvement of the lipid content in stressful situations of salinity observed in this study, together with other antecedents such as the potential in bioremediation already published for this strain by the same research group, present a clear example of its biotechnological plasticity. It is noteworthy that this strain, due to its characteristics, allows easy collection of its biomass by decantation and, therefore, a more cost-efficient harvesting than for other microalgal strains. Therefore, this new strain of Tetraselmis marina, first report of this species in Chile, and its morphologically, molecularly and biochemically description, presents promising characteristics for its use in biotechnology and as feed for aquaculture.
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The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum triestinum forms high biomass blooms that discolor the water (red tides), which may pose a serious threat to marine fauna and aquaculture exploitations. In this study, the algicidal effect of a bacterial strain (0YLH) belonging to the genus Shewanella was identified and evaluated against P. triestinum. The algicidal effects on the dinoflagellate were observed when P. triestinum was exposed to cell-free supernatant (CFS) from stationary-phase cultures of the 0YLH strain. After 24 h exposure, a remarkable reduction in the photosynthetic efficiency of P. triestinum was achieved (55.9%), suggesting the presence of extracellular bioactive compounds produced by the bacteria with algicidal activity. Furthermore, the CFS exhibited stability and maintained its activity across a wide range of temperatures (20-120 °C) and pH values (3-11). These findings highlight the algicidal potential of the bacterium Shewanella halifaxensis 0YLH as a promising tool for the environmentally friendly biological control of P. triestinum blooms.
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Dinoflagellida , Shewanella , Proliferação Nociva de Algas , AquiculturaRESUMO
Plastic pollution is a critical environmental issue with far-reaching and not yet fully explored consequences. This study uncovered a significant source of plastic contamination arising from improper application and management of expanded polystyrene (EPS) utilised as expansion joints at a construction site near the coast of Antofagasta, Chile. Through meticulous field observations and calculations, we estimate that a staggering 82.9 million EPS spheres have the potential to be released into the environment from the 7.62 m3 of this material used for the construction of this coastal promenade, constituting a chronic source of pollution. Despite the ongoing construction, we have already evidenced mechanical fragmentation and dispersion of EPS microplastic pollution in the surrounding natural environment. To our knowledge, this is the first study that documents misused construction materials contributing to plastic pollution. In addition to the EPS pollution, our findings reveal an alarming accumulation of litter - an acute pollution source - including plastic cups, bottles, carrier bags, and several other construction materials (e.g. plastic nets, films) that are exacerbating the pollution problems within the region and potentially endangering marine and terrestrial organisms. These observations highlight the urgent need for mitigating measures and intervention policies targeting construction-related plastic and microplastic pollution, along with a more robust regulatory framework for construction activities as well as adequate surveillance and enforcement.
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La evaluación de la función renal se realiza habitualmente a través de la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular y el análisis de la orina. La evaluación morfológica renal a través de una imagen permite complementar esta información. Sin embargo, muchas de las aplicaciones de las técnicas actuales de imágenes son desconocidas por los médicos clínicos. Además, la comunicación entre médicos clínicos y especialistas en imágenes es menos usual de lo deseable. En esta revisión describiremos los métodos de imagen más frecuentemente utilizados para la evaluación de la función renal y otras situaciones clínicas nefrológicas, además de analizar los avances más significativos, particularmente en ultrasonografía y resonancia magnética, para la pesquisa precoz y seguimiento del daño renal.
The evaluation of kidney function is usually performed through the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate and urine analysis. The evaluation of the kidney morphology through an image complements and enriches this information. However, many of the applications of current imaging techniques are unknown to clinicians. In addition, communication between clinicians and imaging specialists is less common than desirable. In this review, we will describe the imaging methods most frequently used for evaluating kidney function and other clinical situations, in addition to analyzing the most significant advances, particularly in ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, for the early detection and follow-up of kidney damage.
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Biofouling refers to the undesirable growth of microorganisms on water-submerged surfaces. Microfouling, the initial state of biofouling, is characterized by aggregates of microbial cells enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). In seawater desalination plants, filtration systems, such as reverse-osmosis membranes (ROMs), are affected by microfouling, which decreases their efficiency in obtaining permeate water. The existing chemical and physical treatments are expensive and ineffective; therefore, controlling microfouling on ROMs is a considerable challenge. Thus, new approaches are necessary to improve the current ROM cleaning treatments. This study demonstrates the application of Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM supernatant as a cleaning agent for ROMs in a desalination seawater plant in northern Chile (Aguas Antofagasta S.A.), which is responsible for supplying drinking water to the city of Antofagasta. ROMs treated with Altermonas sp. Ni1-LEM supernatant exhibited statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in terms of seawater permeability (Pi), permeability recovery (PR), and the conductivity of permeated water compared with control biofouling ROMs and those treated with the chemical cleaning protocol applied by the Aguas Antofagasta S.A. desalination plant.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiplatelet therapy (APT) is a key element limiting the risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) in neuroendovascular procedures, including aneurysm treatment with flowdiverter. Clopidogrel combined with aspirin is the mostly reported dual APT (DAPT). However, resistance phenomenon and intraindividual efficacy fluctuation are identified limitations. In recent years, ticagrelor has been increasingly used in this indication. We compared these two DAPT regimens for intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter. METHODS: We conducted a multicentric retrospective study from prospectively maintained databases in two high volume centers extracting consecutive patients presenting unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter and receiving DAPT (May 2015 to December 2019). Two groups were compared according to their DAPT regimen: "ticagrelor+aspirin" and "clopidogrel+aspirin". Clopidogrel group was systematically checked with platelet test inhibition before endovascular procedure. The primary endpoint was composite, defined as any thrombo-embolic event (TEE) or major hemorrhagic event occurring the first 6 months during and after embolization RESULTS: 260 patients met our inclusion criteria. Baseline patients and aneurysms characteristics were comparable between groups, except for aneurysm location, median size and pre-treatment modified Rankin scale. No significant difference was observed regarding the primary composite outcome: 11.5% (12/104) in the ticagrelor group versus 10.9% (17/156) in the clopidogrel group (p = 1.000). There was also no significant difference in secondary outcomes including TEE (10.5 vs 9.0%; p = 0.673), major hemorrhage (0.9 vs 1.2%; p = 0.651) and clinical outcome (at least 1-point mRS worsening during follow up: 6.7% vs 8.3%; p = 0.813). CONCLUSION: First-line DAPT with ticagrelor+aspirin seems as safe and effective as clopidogrel+aspirin regimen.
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Aneurisma Intracraniano , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Clopidogrel/uso terapêutico , Ticagrelor/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: - scanty articles illustrate the prognostic factors for favorable outcome after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in distal vessel occlusion (DMVO). Moreover, the current literature is diversified; conglomerating both primary, secondary, and anterior, posterior circulations embolic strokes in the same shell. PURPOSE: to identify the association between complete reperfusion and favorable outcome following EVT for DMVO in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. METHODS: -we performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained EVT registries at two comprehensive stroke centers between January 2015 and December 2019 for consecutive stroke patients with MCA-DMVO. DMVO was defined as an occlusion of distal M2 and M3 segments of the MCA. Only patients with primary isolated occlusions were included. A multivariate logistic regression was utilized to identify clinical and procedural-related factors associated with the 90-day favorable clinical outcome [defined as modified Rankin score (mRS) 0-2] after EVT. RESULTS: -Out of 1823 within the registries; 66 patients (median age was 72 (60-78) and 59% were males) with primary isolated DMVO of the MCA were eligible for inclusion in the current study. Complete reperfusion was achieved in 56% (37/66) of the patients with no difference among the reperfusion strategies while the favorable outcome was observed in 68% (45/66). In the multivariate analysis, final complete reperfusion [modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score 2c-3] was significantly associated with favorable outcome [aOR=7.69; (95% CI 1.73-34.17); p=.01], while higher baseline NIHSS score [aOR=0.82; (95% CI 0.69-0.98); p=.03] and increased imaging to puncture interval [aOR=0.99; (95% CI 0.98, 1.00); p=.01] decreased the probability of the favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: according to our results, complete reperfusion was the most significant predictor of the favorable outcome, while higher baseline NIHSS and longer imaging to puncture interval decreased the probability of the favorable outcome.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Trombectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodosRESUMO
We present a case of a healthy 64-year-old man whose endoscopy showed an irregular subepithelial lesion in the gastric antrum. This lesion was covered by normal mucosa. Biopsies were taken by a bite-on-bite technique. After biopsies, the patient developed arterial bleeding, which was controlled. The anatomopathological study showed a tortuous artery in the submucosa, with a marked hyperplasia of the intima and the internal elastic lamina. These findings were consistent with a gastric arteriovenous malformation versus a Dieulafoy's lesion. This case demonstrates the risk of the bite-on-bite biopsy technique. In our country we have endoscopic ultrasound to assess these lesions, however its availability is low.
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Gastropatias , Doenças Vasculares , Malformações Vasculares , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Hemorragia , Biópsia , Hemorragia GastrointestinalRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar occlusion stroke (VBOS) is innately associated with high morbimortality despite advances in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Nonetheless, notable outcome dissimilarities exist between angiographically categorized stroke subtypes. We aim to evaluate potential differences concerning clinical angiographic outcomes among etiological subtypes of VBOS based on the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed prospective EVT databases at two tertiary care stroke centers for consecutive patients with VBOS who had preinterventional MRI and underwent EVT from January 2015 to December 2019. We identified three groups: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolic stroke (CES), and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The primary endpoints were the rates of poor outcome (identified as 90-day modified Rankin scale score of 3-6) and mortality, while the secondary endpoint included the rates of incomplete reperfusion (identified as modified treatment in cerebral infarction scale mTICI 0-2b), and periprocedural symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. We evaluated the association between the etiology and clinical angiographic outcomes through stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Out of 1823 patients, 139 (91 men; median age, 69 (61-76) years) with VBOS were qualified for the final analysis with incidence as follows: LAA (41%, nâ¯= 57), CES (35%, nâ¯= 48), and ESUS (24%, nâ¯= 34). Overall, incomplete reperfusion was realized in 41% (57/139) of the patients, a poor outcome in 65% (90/139), and mortality in 40% (55/139). Longer puncture to reperfusion interval (aOR 1.0182 [95% CI: 1.008-1.029]; pâ¯< 0.001) and utilization of combined aspiration-retriever technique (aOR 0.1998 [95% CI: 0.066-0.604]; pâ¯= 0.004) were associated with a greater likelihood of incomplete reperfusion (mTICI 0-2b) irrespective of the stroke etiology. After adjustment for confounding factors in the regression analysis, ESUS was an independent predictor of poor outcome (aOR 5.315 [95% CI: 1.646-17.163]; pâ¯= 0.005) and mortality (aOR 4.667 [95% CI: 1.883-11.564]; pâ¯< 0.001) at 90 days following EVT. CONCLUSION: The functional outcome following EVT for VBOS might depend on stroke etiology. According to our results, ESUS seems to be associated with the worst outcome, which needs further investigation to tailor the appropriate therapeutic plan.
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Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/complicações , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Trombectomia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Novel thrombectomy strategies emanate expeditiously day-by-day counting on access system, clot retriever device, proximity to and integration with the thrombus, and microcatheter disengagement. Nonetheless, the relationship between native thrombectomy strategies and revascularization success remains to be evaluated in basilar artery occlusion (BAO). PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy profile of key frontline thrombectomy strategies in BAO. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of prospectively maintained stroke registries at two comprehensive stroke centers were performed between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients with BAO selected after MR imaging were categorized into three groups based on the frontline thrombectomy strategy (contact aspiration (CA), stent retriever (SR), or combined (SR+CA)). Patients who experienced failure of clot retrieval followed by an interchanging strategy were categorized as a fourth (switch) group. Clinicoradiological features and procedural variables were compared. The primary outcome measure was the rate of complete revascularization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade 2c-3). Favorable outcome was defined as a 90 day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. RESULTS: Of 1823 patients, we included 128 (33 underwent CA, 35 SR, 35 SR +CA, and 25 switch techniques). Complete revascularization was achieved in 83/140 (59%) primarily analyzed patients. SR +CA was associated with higher odds of complete revascularization (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.077 to 8.593, p=0.04) which was an independent predictor of favorable outcome (adjusted OR 2.73. 95% CI 1.152 to 6.458, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, functional outcome, or mortality rate. CONCLUSION: Among BAO patients, the combined technique effectively contributed to complete revascularization that showed a 90 day favorable outcome with an equivalent complication rate after thrombectomy.
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Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Artéria Basilar , Trombectomia , Humanos , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/cirurgia , Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Stents , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Trombectomia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
The evaluation of kidney function is usually performed through the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate and urine analysis. The evaluation of the kidney morphology through an image complements and enriches this information. However, many of the applications of current imaging techniques are unknown to clinicians. In addition, communication between clinicians and imaging specialists is less common than desirable. In this review, we will describe the imaging methods most frequently used for evaluating kidney function and other clinical situations, in addition to analyzing the most significant advances, particularly in ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, for the early detection and follow-up of kidney damage.
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Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Nefropatias , Rim , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/fisiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/fisiologia , Nefropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Nefropatias/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
Introducción: el uso de técnicas de imagenología es habitual e incluso indispensable en algunos procesos diagnósticos. Sin embargo, su indicación en mujeres embarazadas y en período de lactancia es controvertida. Objetivo: presentar una revisión narrativa sobre los riesgos asociados al uso de imágenes con radiación y medio de contraste en embarazo y periodo de lactancia, con énfasis en las recomendaciones y aplicaciones clínicas que el médico tratante debe tener presente al momento de su indicación. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura relevante sobre los riesgos y consideraciones especiales del uso de medios de contraste en el embarazo y lactancia. Resultados: los riesgos de la radiación ionizante sobre el feto varían de acuerdo al estadio del embarazo, por lo que la indicación del estudio debe ponderar los riesgos y beneficios. En las dosis clínicas en embarazo y lactancia, el uso de contraste yodado como basados en gadolinio no tienen efectos deletéreos en la salud de la madre ni la del feto. Sin embargo, las sociedades internacionales recomiendan limitar su uso. Conclusión: si bien la indicación de estudios de imagen que utilizan radiación ionizante en el embarazo y lactancia es seguro, el médico clínico debe conocer los posibles riesgos de la radiación ionizante en este grupo de pacientes. Respecto a los medios de contraste, el único efecto adverso reportado es la disfunción tiroidea transitoria en hijos de madres que recibieron medios de contraste yodado.
Introduction: the use of imaging techniques is essential in some diagnostic processes. However, its indication in pregnant and lac-tating women is controversial. Objective: To present a narrative review of the risks associated with using images with radiation and contrast media in pregnancy and lactation. Emphasis will be put on the recommendations and clinical applications that the physician must consider before its indication. Methods: a bibliographic review of the relevant literature on the risks and special considerations of contrast media in pregnancy and lactation was performed. Results: the risks of ionising radiation on the fetus vary according to the stage of pregnancy, so the indication of the study must balance the risks and benefits. The use of iodinated and gadolinium-based con-trast agents in clinical doses in pregnancy and lactation has no effects on the health of the mother or the fetus. However, international societies recommend limiting its use. Conclusion: Although the indication for imaging studies using ionising radiation in pregnancy and lactation is safe, the clinician must be aware of the possible risks of ionising radiation in this group of patients. The only adverse effect reported is transient thyroid dysfunction in children of mothers who received iodinated contrast media.
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Radiação , Aleitamento Materno , Gravidez , Meios de Contraste , Radiação Ionizante , Diagnóstico , FetoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To establish whether collateral circulation was associated with functional outcome in stroke patients with large infarct size (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] ≤ 5) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an ASPECTS of ≤ 5 were analyzed. Quantification of collateral circulation was performed using a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity (FVH)-ASPECTS rating system (score ranging from 0 [no FVH] to 7 [FVHs abutting all ASPECTS cortical areas]) by two independent neuroradiologists. Good functional outcome was defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 3 at 3 months. We determined the association between FVH score and clinical outcome using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients (age, 63.1 ± 20.8 years; men, 51.8%) admitted between March 2012 and December 2017 were included. Good functional outcome (mRS 0-3) was observed in 65 (46.8%) patients, functional independence (mRS 0-2) was achieved in 43 (30.9%) patients, and 33 (23.7%) patients died at 90 days. The median FVH score was 4 (IQR, 3-5). FVH score was independently correlated with good outcome (adjusted OR = 1.41 [95% CI, 1.03-1.92]; p = 0.03 per 1-point increase). CONCLUSIONS: In stroke patients with large-volume infarcts, good collaterals as measured by the FVH-ASPECTS rating system are associated with improved outcomes and may help select patients for reperfusion therapy. KEY POINTS: ⢠Endovascular thrombectomy can allow almost 1 in 2 patients with large infarct cores to achieve good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] of 0-3) and 1 in 3 patients to regain functional independence (mRS 0-2) at 3 months. ⢠The extent of FVH score (as reflected by FLAIR vascular hyperintensity [FVH]-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] values) is associated with functional outcome at 3 months in this patient group.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/cirurgia , Circulação Colateral , Humanos , Infarto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Trombectomia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Microalgae are a valuable natural resource for a variety of biocompounds such as carotenoids. The use of different light spectra and irradiance has been considered as a promising option to improve the production of these compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different wavelengths (white, red, and blue) and irradiances (80 and 350 µmol photons/m2/s) on the photosynthetic state, total carotenoids and lutein productivity (HPLC), lipids (Nile red method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the microalgae Muriellopsis sp. (MCH-35). This microalga, which is a potential source of lutein, was isolated from the coastal desert of Antofagasta, Chile, and adapted to grow in seawater. The results indicate that the culture exposed to high-intensity red light showed the highest biomass yield (2.5 g/L) and lutein productivity (>2.0 mg L−1day−1). However, blue light was found to have a stimulating effect on the synthesis of lutein and other carotenoids (>0.8% dry wt). Furthermore, a direct relationship between lipid accumulation and high light intensity was evidenced. Finally, the highest antioxidant activity was observed with high-intensity white light, these values have no direct relationship with lutein productivity. Therefore, the findings of this study could be utilized to obtain biocompounds of interest by altering certain culture conditions during the large-scale cultivation of MCH-35.
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Clorofíceas , Microalgas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biomassa , Carotenoides , Luz , LuteínaRESUMO
Background White matter hyperintensity (WMH) has been linked to poor clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Purpose To assess whether the WMH burden on pretreatment MRI scans is associated with an increased risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) or poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, consecutive patients treated with EVT for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke at a comprehensive stroke center (where MRI was the first-line pretreatment imaging strategy; January 2015 to December 2017) were included and analyzed. WMH volumes were assessed with semiautomated volumetric analysis at fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI by readers who were blinded to clinical data. The associations of WMH burden with sICH and 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) were assessed. Results A total of 366 patients were included (mean age, 69 years ± 19 [SD]; 188 women [51%]). Median total WMH volume was 3.61 cm3 (IQR, 1.10-10.83 cm3). Patients demonstrated higher mRS scores with increasing WMH volumes (odds ratio [OR], 1.020 [95% CI: 1.003, 1.037] per 1.0-cm3 increase for each mRS point increase; P = .018) after adjustment for patient and clinical variables. There were no significant associations between WMH severity and 90-day mortality (OR, 1.007 [95% CI: 0.990, 1.024]; P = .40) or the occurrence of sICH (OR, 1.001 [95% CI: 0.978, 1.024]; P = .94). Conclusion Higher white matter hyperintensity burden was associated with increased risk for poor 3-month functional outcome after endovascular thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusive stroke. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Mossa-Basha and Zhu in this issue.
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Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , AVC Isquêmico , Leucoaraiose , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Substância Branca , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , AVC Isquêmico/cirurgia , Leucoaraiose/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucoaraiose/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombectomia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
In this study, daily changes over a short period and diurnal progression of spectral reflectance at the leaf level were used to identify spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) susceptible to adverse conditions. Four genotypes were grown in pots experiments under semi-controlled conditions in Chile and Spain. Three treatments were applied: i) control (C), ii) water stress (WS), and iii) combined water and heat shock (WS+T). Spectral reflectance, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on flag leaves for three consecutive days at anthesis. High canopy temperature ( H CT ) genotypes showed less variability in their mean spectral reflectance signature and chlorophyll fluorescence, which was related to weaker responses to environmental fluctuations. While low canopy temperature ( L CT ) genotypes showed greater variability. The genotypes spectral signature changes, in accordance with environmental fluctuation, were associated with variations in their stomatal conductance under both stress conditions (WS and WS+T); L CT genotypes showed an anisohydric response compared that of H CT , which was isohydric. This approach could be used in breeding programs for screening a large number of genotypes through proximal or remote sensing tools and be a novel but simple way to identify groups of genotypes with contrasting performances.
RESUMO
Biosorption refers to a physicochemical process where substances are removed from the solution by a biological material (live or dead) via adsorption processes governed by mechanisms such as surface complexation, ion exchange, and precipitation. This study aimed to evaluate the adsorption of Zn2+ in seawater using the microalgal biomass of Tetraselmis marina AC16-MESO "in vivo" and "not alive" at different concentrations of Zn2+ (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1) at 72 h. Analysis was carried out by using the Langmuir isotherms and by evaluating the autofluorescence from microalgae. The maximum adsorption of Zn2+ by the Langmuir model using the Qmax parameter in the living microalgal biomass (Qmax = 0.03051 mg g-1) was more significant than the non-living microalgal biomass of T. marine AC16-MESO (Qmax = 0.02297 mg g-1). Furthermore, a decrease in fluorescence was detected in cells from T. marina AC16-MESO, in the following order: Zn2+ (0 < 20 < 5 < 10) mg L-1. Zn2+ was adsorbed quickly by living cells from T. marine AC16-MESO compared to the non-living microalgal biomass, with a decrease in photosystem II activities from 0 to 20 mg L-1 Zn2+ in living cells.