Mindfulness-based psychotherapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analytical Study.

Background/Objective: Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder of special relevance in mental health, however, not all patients respond adequately to traditional intervention systems. The present work aims to study the usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Method: An exhaustive search of the literature between 1996 and 2021 allowed us to locate 11 published articles. The effect size was the pretest-posttest standardized mean change calculated for obsession-compulsion, as well as depression symptoms and conscious coping. Results: he results showed mean effect sizes for mindfulness in the reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (d + = 0.648) and, to a lesser extent, depression (d + = 0.417) and the improvement in Mindfull coping (d + = 0.509). There was no significant decrease in effect size when mindfulness was applied in patients with residual symptoms from previous treatments. Conclusions: These results are promising regarding the usefulness of the application of intervention programs based on mindfulness in people with obsessive compulsive disorder, both as an alternative option and as a complementary treatment to more traditional intervention formats.

Family care prior to the admission of the elderly in a nursing home and continuity in family care: A comparative study of Colombia and Spain.

This study examined the background before admission to a nursing home and the conditions for the continuity of care, of the relatives of older adults of Colombia and Spain. The study sample comprised 546 participants: 278 and 268 from Colombia and Spain, respectively. Structured interviews were conducted with the older adults' relatives. Sociodemographic similarities predominated, although in the Colombian sample there were significantly more unrelated people. Similarities in previous and current care conditions also predominated too. Cluster 1 included all the cases of Colombian low-resource nursing homes, and Cluster 2 included all the relatives of Colombian high-resource nursing homes and all the Spanish centers. The type of nursing home was the variable more important to identify the abovementioned clusters. Conclusions: Family members from Colombia and Spain continue to care for the elderly admitted to geriatric homes. The type of geriatric center is what establishes the differences in the users.

Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire on Family Members Adapting to an Older Adult's Admission to a Nursing Home (CAFIAR-15) in a Colombian Sample.

Institutionalization to a nursing home can be one of the most significant and traumatic events in a senior's life, and for their family. For this reason, it is especially important to have validated instruments that evaluate the family member's adaptation to admitting the senior to a nursing home. The study included 139 family members recruited equally in two types of institutions (low-income nursing home (LINH) vs. high-income nursing home (HINH)). A sociodemographic questionnaire with questions to study antecedents and conditions for care and the Questionnaire for Admitting an Older Adult to a Nursing Home (CAFIAR-15) were used. Examining the communalities indicated that four of the five items in factor 3 presented communalities lower than 0.30 and differences in the factorial structure of the CAFIAR-15 were found. There were differences in the antecedents and conditions for care between the relatives of the older adults at LINH and HINH. Cultural differences and differences between LINH and HINH may be the basis for flaws in the conceptual validity of the CAFIAR-15 in the Colombian sample.

Development and Exploration of Psychometric Properties of the Family Adjustment Questionnaire for Admitting an Older Adult to a Nursing Home (CAFIAR).

Background: Admitting an older adult to a nursing home involves significant adjustment efforts by the family. Our goal was to prepare an assessment instrument for this, given that there was none to date. Method: Participants-134 relatives from different nursing homes in the region of Murcia. Instruments-structured interview for socio-demographic information, satisfaction with the nursing home, well-being and health self-assessment, Radloff's Depression Questionnaire (CES-D), and the first version of CAFIAR. Results: A 15-item instrument with three factors was obtained: Factor 1 (Unease due to admitting an older adult to a nursing home), Factor 2 (Relief), and Factor 3 (Nostalgia and concern for the older adult), in addition to a general adjustment index, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.74. The general adjustment index and the subscales that demonstrate poor adjustment were significantly correlated with depression and a worse health self-assessment, while the Relief subscale, which indicates better adjustment, was significantly correlated with well-being and a positive health self-assessment. Conclusions: The family adjustment in admitting an older adult to a nursing home questionnaire (CAFIAR) has adequate psychometric properties to assess family adaptation in admitting an older adult to an institution.

Estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Apoyo Social MOS en ancianos colombianos con dolor crónico / Factorial structure of the MOS Social Support Survey among senior and elder Colombian population diagnosed with chronic pain

Resumen El Cuestionario de Apoyo Social MOS es uno de los instrumentos que más se utilizan en la investigación y en la práctica gerontológica, pero no hay estudios acerca de su validez para la evaluación de ancianos colombianos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar si la estructura de 4 factores descrita en otras poblaciones es válida, estudiar la fiabilidad y determinar diferencias atribuibles a género y convivencia con una pareja. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de 463 mayores, de diversas regiones de Colombia. El análisis estadístico de los ítems evidenció ausencia de normalidad y altas correlaciones inter ítems e ítemescala (superiores a .60), por lo que se seleccionó el método de Mínimos Cuadrados no Ponderados (ULS) para el análisis factorial confirmatorio, con el que se evaluaron tres modelos (de un factor, de tres y de cuatro factores correlacionados) siendo el de 4 factores el que obtuvo mejores índices (NFI=.997; AGFI=.996; RMR=.056; NFI=.996). Los coeficientes alfa de las subescalas estaban entre .86 y .98. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en apoyo social percibido atribuibles al género y a tener pareja. Los resultados sustentan la validez del cuestionario MOS para la evaluación del apoyo social percibido por adultos mayores colombianos con dolor crónico.

Abstract Perceived social support refers to one's confidence that social support or resources are available if needed. It is related to health and quality of life in elderly, so it is recommended to be evaluated. The Social Support Survey MOS have been used but there is no evidence about its validity in Colombian ancient people with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the factorial structure and reliability for the Social Support Survey MOS among a group of elderly people with chronic muskuloesqueletal pain; furthermore, differences between gender and married were investigated. 463 old people of different regions of Colombia were assessed with MOS and with a sociodemographic interview. Cronbach ranged between .86 y .98. Item correlations were higher than .60. The model of 4 correlated factors showed good fit (NFI= .997, AGFI= .996, RMR= .056 y GFI= .996), as shown by similar studies in other populations. Differences in social support perceived by gender and marital status were found. The results support the validity for the MOS to evaluate social support in ancient Colombian people with chronic muskuloesqueletal pain.

Emotional Intelligence Profiles of University Students with Motor Disabilities: Differential Analysis of Self-Concept Dimensions.

Background: This study compares the self-concept of students that have motor disabilities with that of students in the normative group. It also considers whether there are EI (emotional intelligence) profiles based on combinations of EI components (attention, clarity, and mood repair). Finally, it analyzes whether there are statistically significant differences in self-concept based on the EI profiles found. Method: 102 university students with motor disabilities participated. The age range was 19-33 (M = 20.22, SD = 4.36). The Escala de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (Self-Concept Scale Form 5, AF5) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) were administered. Results: The scores for self-concept were lower in the sample of students with reduced mobility. The cluster analysis also identified three different EI profiles: one group of young people with high general EI scores, one group with high scores for clarity and mood repair, and a last group of students with low EI scores. Finally, the ANOVA showed better self-concept in the group with high scores in the three EI dimensions. The results suggest that better self-concept is associated with a high EI profile. Conclusions: It would be interesting to provide programs that consider EI in more depth to strengthen these students' self-concept.

Valor diagnóstico de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EAD-G) en adultos cubanos / Diagnostic usefulness of Anxiety and Depression Scale Goldberg (EAD-G) in Cuban adults

El estudio tiene como objetivo obtener información para población cubana acerca de la validez predictiva de la EADG para detectar personas con trastornos psicopatológicos, así como para diferenciar ansiedad y depresión. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística, integrada por 548 sujetos, de los cuales el 31,2% tenían un trastorno psicopatológico diagnosticado por un psiquiatra o psicólogo. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la metodología de análisis de las curvas ROC. Se encontró que la EADG mostró un valor predictivo adecuado para identificar a personas con trastornos psicopatológicos, con escasa capacidad para distinguir trastornos de ansiedad y depresión. Estos resultados apoyan la estrategia evaluativa recomendada por los autores de aplicar primeramente los ítems de despistaje.

The study has as objective to obtain information for Cuban population about the predictive validity of the EADG for detecting people with psychopathologic dysfunctions, as well as to differentiate anxiety and depression. It worked with a non probabilistic sample, integrated by 548 subjects, of which 31.2% had a psychopathologic disease diagnosed by a psychiatrist or psychologist. For the analysis of the data, the methodology analysis of the curves ROC was used. It was found that the EADG showed an appropriate predictive value to identify people with psychopathologic dysfunctions, and difficulties to distinguish dysfunctions of anxiety and depression. Results support the evaluative strategy recommended by the authors of applying the screening items firstly.

Afectividad negativa y positiva en adultos cubanos con sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y sin trastornos / Negative and positive affect in Cuban adults with anxiety, depression and without symptoms

El Modelo Bifactorial de Afectividad de Watson y Tellengen se ha postulado para la diferenciación de la ansiedad y la depresión en Europa y Norteamérica, pero no se han reportado estudios en población cubana de edad media. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la Afectividad Positiva (AP) y la Afectividad Negativa (AN) en personas sin psicopatología, con sintomatología predominantemente ansiosa, depresiva o mixta. La muestra fue de 219 personas; 19,2% con sintomatología ansiosa, 17,8% depresiva, 23,7% mixta y el resto sin síntomas. Se utilizó el Inventario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) para estudiar la afectividad y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) para diferenciar los subgrupos diagnósticos. Se utilizó el ANOVA de un factor con el Método de la Diferencia Significativa Honesta de Tukey para establecer las diferencias. Se encontró que la AP era menor en los depresivos tal y como predice el Modelo, pero no se cumplió la predicción de que la AP diferenciaría a los ansiosos de las personas sin síntomas, y se encontró que en el grupo con sintomatología mixta había mayor AN y menor AP que en los otros subgrupos patológicos, lo cual alerta sobre la necesidad de evaluar los modelos desarrollados en otras culturas.

Two-Factor Model of Emotion of Watson and Tellengen has been investigated for the differentiation of anxiety and depression in Europe and North America, but no studies have been reported on middle-aged Cuban population. The objective of this research was to investigate the negative (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) in individuals without psychopathology, predominantly anxious, depressive or mixed symptoms. The sample was 219 subjects; 19.2% with symptoms of anxiety, 17.8% has depression, 23.7% mixed anxiety and depression symptoms, and the rest without symptoms. Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) was used to study emotion; and Anxiety and Depression Scale Goldberg (GADS) to differentiate diagnostic subgroups. The one-way ANOVA was used with the method of Tukey Honest Significant Difference. We found that AP was lower in depressive as predicted by the model, but the prediction that the AP would differentiate anxious people without symptoms was fulfilled, which highlights the need to evaluate the models developed in other cultures.

[Impact of ageing on driving: decline and compensatory strategies]. / Repercusión del envejecimiento sobre la conducción: declive y estrategias compensatorias.

INTRODUCTION: Driving by the elderly is a growing reality, and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom. But the driving quality can be affected by aging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the perception of a group of drivers on the age-related changes and the adjustments made in the driving depending on age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 312 drivers from 20 to 80 years-old were recruited from medical centers for renewal of driving license, as well as in license points recovery centers. The participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in both the perceived decline and in compensatory adjustments, noting that drivers age 65 years and older scored higher means than others. The group from 70 to 80-years-old used compensatory strategies: "Do not drive if it rains" "avoid overtaking", "Do not drive at night," "only drive in certain areas" or "park in a line". CONCLUSIONS: Since age influences driving, the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill.

Identification of degrees of anxiety in children with three- and five-face facial scales.

BACKGROUND: Facial scales are used in the assessment of emotional states. The scales present different numbers of faces to measure the varying levels of intensity of children's emotional responses. This paper seeks to analyze the whether the subjects are able to match the appropriate descriptors of a degree of anxiety with the corresponding facial image. METHOD: A sample of 463 children aged 6 to 12 years was taken from the Autonomous Communities of Murcia and the Balearics. RESULTS: Significant differences were obtained among the six-year-olds, M = 2.58 ( SD = 0. 85), in the three-face scale and M = 2.98 ( SD = 1.52) in the five-face scale. From 7 years on, there were no significant differences in the number of correct responses between the two scales. In general, girls scored higher than boys on both the three-face scale ( M = 2.89, SD = 0.50 vs. M = 2.75, SD = 0.70) and the five-face scale ( M = 4.08, SD = 1.41 vs. M = 3.76, SD = 1.56). CONCLUSION: The three-face scale is more appropriate for the correct matching of descriptors to different degrees of anxiety for children aged 6 to 12 years, whereas the five-face scale is more suited to children over 6 years.

[Development and validation of a psychometric instrument for the assessment of depression in the elderly]. / Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de la depresión en ancianos.

Depression is one of the main the psychological disorders in the gerontological population. However, in many cases the depressive alterations can go unnoticed or masked by the elderly s somatic complaints; or even the depressive symptoms can be ascribe to the own aging process. Moreover, it has to be added that old patients tend not to request help to specialised mental health centres. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of the depressed elderly's emotional problems becomes into a question of extraordinary importance. In this work is presented a new specific instrument for the evaluation of depression in the elderly people which has, among other characteristics, the advantage of requiring a little time to its application and a low knowledge on psychopathology. The initial results show an extraordinary sensitivity and specificity regarding to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Nevertheless, further studies with a higher number of clinical populations are necessary to confirm and enlarge these preliminary results.