Intervención educativa sobre traumatismos dentales en maestros primarios y auxiliares pedagógicas

RESUMEN Introducción: las lesiones traumáticas de los dientes ocurren frecuentemente en el ambiente escolar. Sin embargo, los maestros no están preparados para proporcionar un adecuado manejo ante esta situación. Objetivos: evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre conocimientos ante traumatismos dentales en maestros primarios y auxiliares pedagógicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de tipo intervención educativa. El universo estuvo constituido por 37 maestros primarios y auxiliares pedagógicas de la escuela primaria Juan Lefont Alonso, a los que se les evaluó, mediante encuesta, el nivel de conocimientos previo y posterior a la intervención. Se empleó la variable nivel de conocimientos sobre traumatismo dental. La información fue procesada de forma automatizada. Los datos obtenidos se plasmaron en tablas. Resultados: al aplicar la encuesta, el 86,5 % de los maestros y las auxiliares pedagógicas no tenían los conocimientos adecuados sobre trauma dental en niños; el 97,3 % desconocía las consecuencias de los mismos, y un 2,7 % sí sabía qué hacer ante estos eventos. Tras la intervención, se evidenció un incremento del nivel de conocimientos sobre los temas abordados, debido a que el 91,8 % de los encuestados mostraron los conocimientos adecuados para afrontar estos accidentes. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa aplicada fue efectiva, al lograr un incremento notable del nivel de conocimientos de los maestros y las auxiliares pedagógicas sobre traumatismos dentales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: traumatic lesions of the teeth often occur in the school environment. However, teachers are not prepared to provide adequate management in this situation. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educative strategy on knowledge of dental trauma in primary teachers and pedagogical assistants. Materials and methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention type was carried out. The universe were 37 primary teachers and pedagogical assistants from the primary school Juan Lefont Acosta, whose level of knowledge before and after intervention were assessed. The variable level of knowledge on dental trauma was used. The information was processed in an automated way. The data obtained were shown in tables. Results: when applying the survey, 86.5 % of the teachers and pedagogical assistants did not have adequate knowledge on dental trauma in children; 97.3 % were unaware of the consequences, and 2.7 % did know what to do in the face of these events. After the intervention, there was evidence of an increase of the level of knowledge on the topics addressed, because 91.8 % of the enquired persons showed the knowledge to deal with these accidents. Conclusions: the applied educative intervention was effective, achieving a notable increase of the level of knowledge of the teachers and pedagogical assistants on dental trauma.

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid: Methotrexate as an initial treatment?

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical/epidemiological data, the management and the treatments established in patients with Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP) in a Rheumatology Service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of clinical histories of patients with OCP referred by ophthalmology between 2008 and 2019. RESULTS: In our series of 27 patients, 67% were diagnosed and referred in the last 2 years. Most in Foster stage 1. Of the patients, 18.5% presented associated Sjogren's syndrome, with poor progression: 88.8% received Methotrexate, 74% used it as monotherapy and 66% continued with said treatment up to the end. Eighteen point five percent had to combine or rotate therapies, the drugs used were mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, etanercept, rituximab: 29% used steroids. Only in 2 eyes was stage progression observed. There were no serious adverse events, and 37% had mild adverse events. CONCLUSION: Starting immunosuppressive therapy early is essential, methotrexate being a good initial alternative in our experience, and treatment must be escalated in line with disease progression.

Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid: Methotrexate as an Initial Treatment? / Penfigoide ocular cicatricial: ¿metotrexato como tratamiento de inicio?

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical / epidemiological data, the management and the treatments established in patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid in a Rheumatology Service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of clinical histories of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid referred by ophthalmology between 2008 and 2019. RESULTS: In our series of 27 patients, 67% were diagnosed and referred in the last 2 years. Most in Foster stage 1. Of the patients, 18.5% presented associated Sjogren's syndrome, with poor progression: 88.8% received Methotrexate, 74% used it as monotherapy and 66% continued with said treatment up to the end. Eighteen point five percent had to combine or rotate therapies, the drugs used were mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, etanercept, rituximab: 29% used steroids. Only in 2 eyes was stage progression observed. There were no serious adverse events, and 37% had mild adverse events. CONCLUSION: Starting immunosuppressive therapy early is essential, methotrexate being a good initial alternative in our experience, and treatment must be escalated in line with disease progression.

Male Partner Risk Behaviors Are Associated With Reactive Rapid HIV Antibody Tests Among Pregnant Mexican Women: Implications for Prevention of Vertical and Sexual HIV Transmission in Concentrated HIV Epidemics.

Mexico's policies on antenatal HIV testing are contradictory, and little is known about social and behavioral characteristics that increase pregnant Mexican women's risks of acquiring HIV. We analyzed the association between risk behaviors reported by pregnant women for themselves and their male partners, and women's rapid HIV antibody test results from a large national sample. Three quarters of pregnant women with a reactive test did not report risk behaviors for themselves and one third did not report risk behaviors for themselves or their male partners. In the retrospective case-control analysis, other than reporting multiple sexual partners, reactive pregnant women reported risk behaviors did not differ from nonreactive women's behaviors. However, reactive pregnant women were significantly more likely to have reported risk behaviors for male partners. Our findings support universal offer of antenatal HIV testing and suggest that HIV prevention for women should focus on reducing risk of HIV acquisition within stable relationships.

Reducing High-Risk Drinking Among Student-Athletes: The Effects of a Targeted Athlete-Specific Brief Intervention.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of a single-session motivational interviewing-based in-person brief alcohol intervention that contained student-athlete-specific personalized drinking feedback. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 170 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes meeting screening criteria for heavy episodic drinking. METHODS: Baseline assessments of alcohol use frequency and quantity, norm perceptions of peers' alcohol use, experiences of negative consequences, and use of protective behaviors were administered to student-athletes prior to a 1-session brief intervention containing personalized feedback highlighting the relationship between alcohol use and athletic performance. Follow-up assessment was conducted 3 months post intervention. RESULTS: Student-athletes participating in the athlete-specific brief intervention showed significant reductions in their alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences, increases in use of protective behavioral strategies, and corrections in norm misperceptions at 3 months post intervention relative to a no-treatment comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Student-athlete-specific brief alcohol interventions show promise in addressing high-risk drinking, reducing associated harms, and supporting health.

Implementing an early intervention program for residential students who present with suicide risk: a case study.

OBJECTIVE: This case study examined the effects of an early intervention program designed to respond to residential college students demonstrating risk for suicide. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 108 undergraduates at a large northeastern public university referred to an early intervention program subsequent to presenting with risk factors for suicide between Fall 2004 and Spring 2011. METHODS: Data were collected from archival records to examine quality of early intervention services, student retention, and grade point average (GPA) during the semesters prior to, during, and subsequent to the referral incident. RESULTS: Program implementation was timely and responsive to student needs; students successfully completing the early intervention program remained in school and demonstrated small but significant rebounds in GPA the semester subsequent to the incident. CONCLUSIONS: There are benefits associated with the implementation of early intervention programs designed to respond to students manifesting risk for suicide, such as connecting the student to vital services and support networks.

Implementing an audience-specific small-group gatekeeper training program to respond to suicide risk among college students: a case study.

OBJECTIVE: This case study evaluated the effectiveness of an audience-specific, single-session, small-group interactive gatekeeper training program conducted at a large northeastern public university. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 335 faculty, staff, and students completing gatekeeper training programs tailored to their group needs. METHODS: Baseline assessments of knowledge about suicide, risk factors, resources for assistance, and comfort in intervening with a student in distress were administered to participants prior to the small-group training sessions; posttest assessments of knowledge and comfort in intervening with students in distress were administered upon completion of training and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in knowledge and comfort upon completion of training for both faculty/staff and student groups, although degradation of training effects at 3-month follow-up was evident. CONCLUSIONS: There are benefits associated with the implementation of audience-specific gatekeeper training programs. Booster training sessions to address skill degradation over time are recommended.

Infecciones respiratorias altas recurrentes en niños menores de 5 años: Jagüey Grande, 2008-2009 / Recurrent high respiratory infections in children aged less than 5 years old: Jaguey Grande-2008-2009

Las infecciones respiratorias altas constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad en los niños menores de 5 años. Por su magnitud en la población infantil, se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo, de casos y controles, para determinar los factores de riesgo en las infecciones respiratorias altas recurrentes en niños menores de 5 años del Policlínico Universitario 7 de Diciembre, Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, de mayo 2008 a mayo 2009. El universo fue de 352 niños con infecciones respiratorias altas que asistieron a la consulta de Alergia; la muestra fue de 85 niños para cada grupo. Se tuvo en cuenta las variables factores sociodemográficas, y ambientales. Se determinó que la atopia, la exposición al humo del tabaco, la no lactancia materna, la ablactación incorrecta, la baja escolaridad materna, vivir en área rural, las deficientes condiciones higiénicos sanitarias como presencia de animales, viviendas viejas, mala ventilación y factores ambientales como frío, cambios de temperatura y humedad constituyen los principales factores de riesgo.

The high respiratory infections are an important cause of morbidity in children aged less than 5 years old. For its magnitude among the infantile population, we carried out an analytical retrospective study of cases and controls, to determine the risk facts in the recurrent high respiratory infections in children less than 5 years old of the Teaching Policlinic 7 de Diciembre, Jaguey Grande, Matanzas, from May 2008 to May 2009. The universe were the 352 children with high respiratory infections who assisted the allergy consultation; the sample was formed by 85 children for each group. We took into account the variables socio-demographic and environmental factors. We determined that the main risk factors are the atopy, the exposition to the tobacco smoke, the lack of breastfeeding, the wrong ablactation, the low maternal scholarship, living in rural areas, the deficient hygienic-sanitary conditions like animals presence, old houses, bad ventilation and climatologic factors as cold, temperature and humidity changes.

Comportamiento epidemiológico de urgencia por caries dental: policlínico Universitario 7 de Diciembre, Jagüey Grande, septiembre-diciembre 2007 / Epidemiologic behavior of the dental caries urgency: teaching policlinic 7 de Diciembre, Jaguey Grande-September-December 2007

La caries dental es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, que provoca episodios desagradables a quienes la padecen. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento epidemiológico de las urgencias por caries dental se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el Policlínico Universitario 7 de Diciembre, de Jagüey Grande, provincia Matanzas, comprendido en el período de septiembre a noviembre de 2007. El universo lo constituyeron 1 260 pacientes cuyo motivo de urgencia fue la caries dental. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, área de procedencia y motivo de consulta. La información fue obtenida de las historias clínicas. Se comprobó que la caries dental constituye la primera causa que demanda atención de urgencia en el servicio estomatológico, que los pacientes de 20-34 años de edad, y del sexo femenino son los que acuden con mayor frecuencia a la consulta de urgencia por caries dental, en su mayoría de nivel medio superior y de procedencia rural.

The dental caries is a high prevalence disease, causing unpleasant episodes to all the people suffering them. With the objective of characterizing the epidemiologic behavior of the dental caries urgencies, a descriptive transversal study was carried out at the Teaching Policlinic 7 de Diciembre, Jaguey Grande, province of Matanzas, in the period from September to November 2007. The universe was formed by 1 420 patients assisting the urgency service and the sample by 1 260 whose urgencies were dental caries. The studied variables were age, genre, scholarship, area of precedence and consultation motive. The information was obtained from the clinical records. It was proved that the dental caries is the first cause demanding urgency care in the stomatologic service, that the patient assisting more frequently to the urgency services for dental caries are the female one who are 20-34 years old, most of them with a senior high school scholarship and living in rural areas.

The co-occurrence of alcohol use and gambling activities in first-year college students.

OBJECTIVE: Both alcohol use and gambling are behaviors that can be problematic for many college students; however, it is not clear whether the relationship between the 2 exists for students who have recently entered college. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 908 first-year college students who were surveyed in fall 2005, approximately 1 month after entering college. METHODS: Participants completed Web-based surveys on alcohol use and gambling behaviors. RESULTS: Alcohol use and alcohol-related risks were significantly related to both gambling frequency and peak gambling loss. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for researchers and clinicians working in the area of addictive behaviors among college students, suggesting that those presenting with problems in 1 domain may also be at risk for problems in the other.

Implementing a screening and brief intervention for high-risk drinking in university-based health and mental health care settings: reductions in alcohol use and correlates of success.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a screening and brief intervention program for college students in a naturally occurring university-based primary health and mental health care setting. One-hundred seventy five students who met our screening criteria (>8 for men or >7 for women on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) enrolled in the project, and six-week follow-up data were collected from 120 (69%) of them. Results indicated that after receiving the intervention students reported decreased alcohol use, more accurate perceptions of other students' drinking, and increased use of protective behavioral strategies. Results also indicated that the individual-level changes in alcohol use were positively correlated with changes in the students' perceptions of drinking among their peers. Implications of the findings for clinicians, administrators, and researchers in the college drinking intervention and prevention field are discussed.

Marsupialización como tratamiento de elección en el absceso y quiste de la glándula de Bartholino / Marsupialization as elective treatment in abscess and cyst of Bartholin's gland

El presente estudio se realizó con el objeto de evaluar la técnica de la marsupialización en el quiste y absceso de la glándula de Bartholino en lo referente a su realización, evolución y aceptación por parte del paciente. Para realizarlo se tomó una muestra de 30 pacientes que consultaron a sala de partos y/o al servicio de ginecología del Hospital Central "Antonio María Pineda" en el año 1987, presentando quistes o abscesos de la glándula de Bartholino. En todos los casos se llenó una ficha personal donde se anotaron datos referentes a edad, número de gestas, diagnóstico, lado afectado, presencia de embarazo, motivo de consulta, brotes anteriores, anestesia utilizada, uso de sedación y signos y síntomas durante la marsupialización. Posteriormente, se realizaron controles semanal, quincenal y mensual, donde se interrogó a la paciente sobre síntomas y se realizó un exámen físico para ver signos y verificar la persistencia del neo-orificio. El último control fue a los 3 meses del acto operatorio y en él se preguntó a la paciente sobre su actividad sexual y se observó neoformado. La marsupialización resultó ser un procedimiento sencillo, rápido, poco doloroso, muy bien tolerado por el paciente. De igual evolución en embarazadas. El curso post operatorio en quistes y abscesos fue el mismo. La reanudación de la actividad sexual fue rápida con relaciones sin dispareunia y buena lubricación. La evolución en las 30 pacientes a las que se les realizó la marsupialización fue satisfactoria, con el 100 por ciento de persistencia del neo-orificio y 0 por ciento de recidivas

Estudio microbiológico de los dispositivos intrauterinos: departamento de obstetricia y ginecología Hospital Central "Antonio María Pineda" Barquisimeto / Microbiologic study of the intrauterine devices: obstetric and ginecology department Central Hospital \"Antonio María Pineda\" Barquisimeto

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en las pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Planificación Familiar del Hospital Central "Antonio María Pineda", con dispositivos intrauterinos, y a quienes se les iba a extraer el mismo por cualquier causa, para realizar estudio microbiológico. Nuestros resultados revelan una alta incidencia de gérmenes contaminantes (44%) en los DIUs extraídos. De los DIUs con cobre, la mitad presentó gérmenes asociados, y los dispositivos sin cobre presentaron igual asociación, no coincidiendo ésto con la literatura estudiada. De las bacterias encontradas, el género Staphylococcus tiene mayor incidencia en los DIUs sin cobre, y las de área cloacal (S. faecalis y E. Coli) en los dispositivos con cobre. El mayor porcentaje de dispositivos asociados a gérmenes, se encuentra en las pacientes sin pareja fija. Del estudio de Gram, como hallazgo fortuito, se encontró bacilos. Ello nos hace pensar, que el número de cultivos positivos sería mayor si se realizaran estudios más amplios, así como bacterias anaeróbicas. Si bien no podemos recomendar el estudio rutinario por medio de cultivo de los dispositivos potencialmente contaminados, por lo costoso de los mismos, o por presentar la paciente una endometritis con DIU in útero, se puede intentar un tratamiento con antibioterapia de primera línea, dependiendo del tipo de DIU, tiempo de uso, etc. Creemos conveniente un seguimiento mayor o nuevos estudios, ya que no coincide con la literatura internacional el que los DIUs con cobre tengan igual porcentaje de contaminación