Multivariate analysis to select chemical compounds and rheological parameters as predictors of bread quality: interaction of wheat genotype and particle size of fine bran.

This assay was performed to select chemical compounds and rheological parameters for the prediction of the bread volume and crumb firmness of breads made with a blend of wheat flour-fine bran, using multivariate analysis. Two main factors were used, the source of fine bran and the particle size of fine bran. The experiment consisted in a completely random design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, the statistical analysis shown that the particle size of fine bran influence almost all the analytical variables. In addition, discriminant analysis was performed to analyse which rheological parameters and chemical components show the greater influence on dough behaviour and bread quality. Biaxial extensional viscosity, farinograph consistency, dough development time and stability were the main rheological parameters that govern the specific volume and crumb firmness and, were both closely related to the fibre, protein and starch content in the flour-fine bran blends. Particle size-genotype interaction has a significant influence on gelatinisation enthalpy and biaxial extensional viscosity that change the bread volume and the crumb firmness. The simplicity of linear equation of five independent variables to predict bread quality with high levels of accuracy could be advantageous in both basic research and the routine quality control of wheat mills. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05290-3.

Consumption of Sprouts and Perceptions of Their Health Properties in a Region of Northwestern Mexico.

There is a lack of information about consumer understanding of functional foods. Sprouts provide beneficial compounds that can help counteract chronic noncommunicable diseases. The population of a region in Northwestern Mexico has a high prevalence of chronic degenerative disease, and there is a need to promote strategies to increase the consumption of foods that provide health benefits, including sprouts. However, there is a lack of information regarding the sale, consumption and perception of sprouts' healthy properties. A computer-assisted web-based survey (CAWI) was developed and distributed through social media to understand consumer knowledge of these foods' health effects and their consumption. The survey of people with diverse sociodemographic profiles indicated a 1-3 times per week consumption and they knew the health benefits of consuming sprouts. A total of 82% of respondents were conscious that sprout consumption could prevent chronic diseases, which may be related to education level (χ2: 0.001, p < 0.05). In order to expand on our findings, it is important to investigate the communication strategies used by sprout manufacturers, dieticians, nutritionists and health professionals about the health benefits of sprout products to promote their consumption.

Xanthommatin is Behind the Antioxidant Activity of the Skin of Dosidicus gigas.

Marine bioactive compounds have been found in very different sources and exert a very vast array of activities. Squid skin, normally considered a discard, is a source of bioactive compounds such as pigments. Recovering these compounds is a potential means of valorizing seafood byproducts. Until now, the structure and molecular properties of the bioactive pigments in jumbo squid skin (JSS) have not been established. In this study, methanol-HCl (1%) pigment extracts from JSS were fractionated by open column chromatography and grouped by thin-layer chromatography in order to isolate antioxidant pigments. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS●+) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Fractions 11-34 were separated and grouped according to flow rate values (F1-F8). Fractions F1, F3, and F7 had the lowest IC50 against ABTS●+ per milligram, and fractions F3 and F7 showed the lowest IC50 in the FRAP assay. Finally, fraction F7 had the highest DPPH● scavenging activity. The chemical structure of the F7 fraction was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. One of the compounds identified in the fraction was xanthommatin (11-(3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)-1-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid) and their derivatives (hydro- and dihydroxanthommatin). The results show that JSS pigments contain ommochrome molecules like xanthommatin, to which the antioxidant activity can be attributed.

Effect of Extrusion Conditions and the Optimization of Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Bran Using Response Surface Methodology.

The extrusion process (EP) consists of heat and mechanical treatments under different conditions of moisture, shear, and pressure and rapidly causes structural alterations and changes in the functional properties of the extruded material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extrusion conditions and optimize the wheat bran extrusion conditions to achieve the greatest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology. The EP factors evaluated were feed moisture (FM) (25-33.54%) and final extrusion temperature (T) (140-180 °C). The properties evaluated in the extruded material were bound total phenol content (BTPC), total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (AOX). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology were used in the evaluation. The determination coefficients, (FM)2 and (T)2, very significantly affected the BTPC and bound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl content (BDPPHC). The optimization was performed by overlaying two contour plots to predict the best combination regions. The optimized extrusion conditions were the following: FM = 30% and T = 140 °C, which provided BTPC = 3547.01 µgGAE/g (predicted: 3589.3 µgGAE/g) and BDPPHC = 9.5 µmolTE/g (predicted: 10.4 µmolTE/g); and FM = 30% and T = 180 °C, which provided BTPC = 3342.3 µgGAE/g (predicted: 3727.7 µgGAE/g) and BDPPHC = 9.5 µmolTE/g (predicted: 9.3 µmolTE/g). The EP increased the phenolic compounds and AOX, and enhancement of these properties in wheat bran products could make them functional foods.

Cereal bran and wholegrain as a source of dietary fibre: technological and health aspects.

Interest in cereal bran as a source of dietary fibre (DF) and functional components has increased in recent years. Current studies actively focus on DF definition, analysis, formulation in consumer-friendly food products, processing and beneficial health effects. Although bran composition and its benefits to human physiology have been investigated, its technological role as an ingredient is still under study for a variety of cereal foodstuffs. This review provides an overview of cereal bran characterization, functional properties and technological features concerning the bread-making process. In addition, we review the evidence from recent studies indicating that cereal bran may be used as a functional ingredient to improve consumer perception.

[Characterization of cookies made with deseeded grape pomace]. / Caracterización de galletas elaboradas con cascarilla de orujo de uva.

Characterization of cookies made with deseeded grape pomace. The objective of this study was to evaluate deseeded grape pomace as a potential ingredient to elaborate some food products. Cookies were made with flour containing four levels of deseeded grape pomace (0, 5, 7.5 and 10%). Moisture, protein, ashes, fat, tannins and dietary fiber contents were determined in both the deseeded of grape pomace and the cookies. Besides, color, sensorial acceptability and biological evaluations of Net Protein Ratio (NPR), Apparent Digestibility (AD) and True Digestibility (TD) of Protein were determined to the cookies. Substantial amounts of dietary fiber and ashes were found in both the deseeded grape pomace and the cookies. Total dietary fiber increased while adding more deseeded grape pomace. Cookies were well accepted as observed in the sensory evaluation, showing no significative differences among the four levels of deseeded grape pomace addition. The addition of deseeded grape pomace imparted a darker color to the cookies. The dark color was greater in the samples containing more fiber which was indicated by the lower L color value. Regarding nutritional analysis, the higher the deseeded grape pomace addition, the lower the NPR, AD, and TD values. The NPR was affected in greater degree, although these differences were not significant. It is possible to use deseeded grape pomace as an ingredient to make high fiber cookies with acceptable sensorial attributes.

Caracterización de galletas elaboradas con cascarilla de orujo de uva / Characterization of cookies made with deseeded grape pomace

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la cascarilla de orujo de uva como posible ingrediente en la elaboración de productos para consumo humano, para lo cual se elaboraron galletas con cuatro niveles de adición de cascarilla (0, 5, 7.5 y 10 por ciento). Se determinó el contenido de humedad, proteína, cenizas, grasa, taninos y fibra dietaria tanto en cascarilla de orujo de uva como en galletas. Además, en galletas se llevó a cabo la medición de color, prueba de aceptación sensorial y las evaluaciones biológicas de Razón Neta de Proteína (NPR) y Digestibilidad Aparente (DA) y Verdadera de Proteína (DV). Se encontraron altos contenidos de fibra dietética y cenizas tanto en cascarilla de orujo como en galletas. La fibra dietética total aumentó al incrementarse la adición de cascarilla de orujo. El contenido de taninos encontrado en cascarilla disminuyó significativamente en galletas. Se observó un alto nivel de agrado de las galletas en la evaluación sensorial, no mostrando diferencias significativas entre los cuatro niveles de adición. En la medición de color, la intensidad del color fue aumentando a medida que se agregó más cascarilla. Con respecto a las evaluaciones biológicas, al aumentarse el porcentaje de adición de cascarilla de orujo fueron disminuyendo los valores de NPR, DA y DV, afectándose en mayor grado el NPR, aunque estadísticamente, esta diferencia no fue significativa. Se concluye, que es posible utilizar, la cascarilla de orujo de uva como ingrediente para la elaboración de galletas con alto contenido de fibra dietaria y un nivel de agrado aceptable