A new standardization for the use of chicken embryo: selection of target from the phage display library and infection.

The filamentous bacteriophage M13KO7 (M13) is the most used in phage display (PD) technology and, like other phages, has been applied in several areas of medicine, agriculture, and in the food industry. One of the advantages is that they can modulate the immune response in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses. This study evaluated the use of phage M13 in the chicken embryos model. We inoculated 13-day-old chicken embryos with Salmonella Pullorum (SP) and then evaluated survival for the presence of phage M13 or E. coli ER2738 (ECR) infected with M13. We found that the ECR bacterium inhibits SP multiplication in 0.32 (M13-infected ECR) or 0.44 log UFC/mL (M13-uninfected ECR) and that the ECR-free phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo models. This work provides the use of the chicken embryo as a model to study systemic infection and can be employed as an analysis tool for various peptides that M13 can express from PD selection. KEY POINTS: • SP-infected chicken embryo can be a helpful model of systemic infection for different tests. • Phage M13 does not lead to embryonic mortality or cause serious injury to embryos. • Phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo model tests.

Liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions with low-temperature partitioning - A review.

The paper represents the first review of solvent extraction techniques utilizing the low-temperature partitioning/purification (LTP) approach. Initially conceived in the 1960s to purify extracts from fatty matrices, it wasn't until the 2000s that this approach received increasing attention for its efficacy in extracting organic compounds from diverse samples, often without additional cleanup steps. This review covers a brief history and proposes a mechanism for LTP-based solvent extraction. Furthermore, the principal practical issues of the technique are spotlighted, elucidating the factors influencing extraction efficiency. The advantages, limitations, and potential combinations with other extraction techniques of the LTP-based solvent extractions are analyzed. The versatility of the LTP approach is demonstrated by its applications in extracting various compounds from food, environmental, and biological samples, emphasizing its potential for rapid sample preparation with minimal steps, few chemicals, and minimal analyst intervention.

Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales y estrese en la universidad: un estudio de caso / Treinamento de habilidades sociais e estresse na universidade: um estudo de caso / Social skills training and stress at the university: a case study

A aplicação do Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais no contexto universitário pode ser eficaz para a redução do estresse percebido pelos estudantes. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever, no formato de um estudo de caso único, o processo terapêutico de um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais realizado com uma estudante de Psicologia, apresentando dados referentes à eficácia da intervenção. As avaliações pré e pós-teste foram feitas com os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14), entrevistas e diário de campo. Contatou-se o aprimoramento de habilidades sociais como recusar e fazer pedidos, lidar com críticas e expor desagrado e solicitar mudança de comportamento do outro, e redução dos níveis de estresse com base em dados qualitativos e quantitativos, com manutenção desses resultados no follow-up de seis semanas. Concluiu-se que o Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais realizado possibilitou a melhora da experiência na universidade para a participante.

La aplicación del entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales en el contexto universitario puede ser eficaz para la disminución del estrese percibido por los estudiantes. Delante eso, el objetivo del presente artículo fue describir, en el molde de un estudio de caso único, el proceso terapéutico de un entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales realizado con una estudiante de Psicología, que presentaba, también, datos referentes a la eficacia de la intervención. Las evaluaciones antes y e después de la prueba se hicieron con los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estrese Percibido (PSS-14), entrevistas y diario de campo. Fue posible constatar el perfeccionamiento de habilidades sociales como recusar y hacer pedidos, lidiar con críticas y exponer desagrado y solicitar cambio de comportamiento del otro, y reducción de los niveles de estrese con base en datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, con manutención de esos resultados en elfollow-upde seis semanas. Se concluye que el Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales realizado posibilitó la mejora de la experiencia en la universidad para la participante.

The application of Social Skills Training in the university context can be effective in reducing the stress perceived by students. Therefore, the objective of this article was to describe, in the format of a single case study, the therapeutic process of a Social Skills Training carried out with a Psychology student, also presenting data regarding the effectiveness of the intervention. Pre- and post-test assessments were performed using the following instruments: Social Skills Inventory 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), interviews and field diary. It was possible to verify the improvement of social skills such as refusing and making requests, dealing with criticism and exposing displeasure and requesting a change in the other's behavior, and reduction of stress levels based on qualitative and quantitative data, with maintenance of these results in the follow-up of six weeks. It was concluded that the Social Skills Training carried out enabled the participant to improve her university experience.

Regenerative and translational medicine in COPD: hype and hope.

COPD is a common, preventable and usually progressive disease associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lung, generally caused by exposure to noxious particles and gases. It is a treatable disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the airways and/or alveoli. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a serious public health problem and a high social and economic burden. Despite significant advances, effective clinical treatments have not yet been achieved. In this scenario, cell-based therapies have emerged as potentially promising therapeutic approaches. However, there are only a few published studies of cell-based therapies in human patients with COPD and a small number of ongoing clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov Despite the advances and interesting results, numerous doubts and questions remain about efficacy, mechanisms of action, culture conditions, doses, timing, route of administration and conditions related to homing and engraftment of the infused cells. This article presents the state of the art of cell-based therapy in COPD. Clinical trials that have already been completed and with published results are discussed in detail. We also discuss the questions that remain unanswered about cell-based regenerative and translational medicine for COPD.

Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022).

Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.

Evaluation of imazalil dissipation/migration in postharvest papaya using low-temperature partition extraction and GC-MS analysis.

Methods involving solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partition and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were validated to investigate the dissipation/migration of residues of the postharvest fungicide imazalil in papaya skin, pulp, and seeds. The fruits were stored for 23 days (14 °C). Every two days, fruits from the control group and those treated with imazalil had their skin, outer pulp, inner pulp, and seeds separated and then analyzed by GC-MS. After the 23rd day, about 70% of the imazalil had dissipated. Most of the remaining residue was found in the skin; however, the small amount migrating into the pulp was above the maximum residue levels allowed by the regulatory agencies. Imazalil residue was also detected in seeds at concentrations lower than the LOQ (0.025 mg kg-1). Mass loss was the only quality parameter that showed a significant difference between the fruits of the control and study groups.

The inoculation eschar of Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis in Brazil: Importance and cautions.

Two well characterized tick-borne rickettsioses occur in Brazil. Rickettsia rickettsii caused spotted-fever, transmitted by Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma aureolatum, is a severe disease with a high case-fatality rate in the southeastern region of the country. Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest infections transmitted by adult Amblyomma ovale ticks cause a milder non-lethal febrile disease with an eschar (necrosis) at the tick bite site. Clinical diagnosis of rickettsiosis is challenging, particularly during the early stages of the illness when signs and symptoms are non-specific. Since eschar at the tick bite site has emerged as the main clinical feature of mild R. parkeri infections and used to differentiate it from severe R. rickettsii infection, its proper recognition, distinction from other tick bite lesions, and boundaries as a clinical tool must be highlighted. Of importance, eschars induced by Rickettsia must be differentiated from dermatoses caused by other tick-borne skin infections as well from lesions caused by the tick bite itself. We herein highlight information on eschar in rickettsial diseases in Brazil and discuss the need for further research on its clinical relevance and application in the diagnosis of spotted fever caused by R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest. In particular, we draw attention to diagnosis of other febrile diseases in the presence of concomitant tick bites.

Representações culturais sobre as ginásticas: o olhar de professores(as) da educação básica / Cultural representations about gymnastics: the perspective of basic education teachers / Representaciones culturales sobre la gimnasia: la visión de los profesores de educación básica

O presente artigo buscou analisar as representações culturais que professores(as) de Educação Física de um município de Minas Gerais atribuem às ginásticas. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma pesquisa de campo de cunho qualitativo, adotando um questionário com perguntas especialmente elaboradas para o estudo e a Análise Temática para tratamento dos dados. Os resultados indicam que os(as) professores(as) apresentam diversos discursos sobre as práticas gímnicas, compreendendo-as nas esferas da saúde, do esporte, da recreação, da arte e escolar. Tais leituras evidenciam uma aproximação com os campos de atuação da ginástica, o que demonstra que os sujeitos investigados reconhecem os múltiplos textos culturais produzidos sobre as ginásticas na sociedade atual.

This article sought to analyze the cultural representations that Physical Education teachers in a municipality in Minas Gerais attribute to gymnastics. For that, a qualitative field research was used, adopting a questionnaire with questions specially elaborated for the study and the Thematic Analysis for data treatment. The results indicate that the teachers present different discourses about gymnastics practices, understanding them in the spheres of health, sport, recreation, art and school. Such readings show an approximation with the fields of action of gymnastics, which demonstrates that the investigated subjects recognize the multiple cultural texts produced about gymnastics in today's society.

Este artículo buscó analizar las representaciones culturales que los profesores de Educación Física de un municipio de Minas Gerais atribuyen a la gimnasia. Para eso, se utilizó una investigación de campo cualitativa, adoptando un cuestionario con preguntas especialmente elaborado para el estudio y el Análisis Temático para el tratamiento de los datos. Los resultados indican que los profesores presentan diferentes discursos sobre las prácticas gimnásticas, entendiéndolas en los ámbitos de la salud, el deporte, la recreación, el arte y la escuela. Tales lecturas muestran una aproximación con los campos de acción de la gimnasia, lo que demuestra que los sujetos investigados reconocen los múltiples textos culturales producidos sobre la gimnasia en la sociedad actual.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais na promoção do Coping eficaz: um estudo piloto / Social skills training in the promotion of effective Coping: a pilot trial / Entrenamiento de habilidades sociais en la promoción del coping eficaz: un estudio piloto

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais (THS) na ampliação das habilidades sociais, na redução do estresse e no desenvolvimento do coping eficaz de oito estudantes de Psicologia. As participantes foram recrutadas via link de um formulário enviado nas redes sociais e por contato telefônico, sendo voluntariamente submetidas à intervenção na universidade onde estudavam. A intervenção análoga a um quase experimento teve avaliações pré e pós-teste sem grupo controle, utilizando-se os instrumentos Inventário de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, entrevistas e diário de campo. Os resultados indicaram redução do estresse, aquisição de habilidades sociais e potencialização da estratégia de resolução de problemas. Sugere-se, para estudos futuros, a avaliação da eficácia do THS em amostras maiores e mais heterogêneas de estudantes universitários.

This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a Social Skills Training (SST) in increasing social skills, reducing stress levels, and developing effective coping of eight female undergraduate Psychology students. The participants were recruited through a form sent on social media and telephone contact and were voluntarily submitted to the intervention at the university in which they studied. The intervention, analogous to a quasi-experiment, had pre- and posttest evaluations without a control group, using the instruments Social Skills Inventory 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14), Folkman and Lazarus' Coping Strategies Inventory, interviews, and a field diary. The results indicated stress reduction, acquisition of social skills, and enhancement of problem-solving strategies. Further studies regarding the evaluation of the SST's efficacy in a larger and more heterogeneous sample of university students would be worthwhile.

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la eficacia de un Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales (EHS) en la expansión de las habilidades sociales, reducción del estrés y desarrollo de un coping eficaz de ocho estudiantes de Psicología. Las participantes fueron reclutadas por medio de un link para un formulario enviado en redes sociales y contacto telefónico, siendo voluntariamente sometidos a la intervención en la universidad donde estudiaban. La intervención análoga a un casi-experimento tuvo evaluaciones previas y posteriores a la experiencia, sin un grupo de control, utilizando los instrumentos Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-14), Inventario de Estrategias de Coping de Folkman y Lazarus, entrevistas y diario de campo. Los resultados indicaron reducción del estrés, adquisición de habilidades sociales y potencialización de estrategias para resolución de problemas. Se sugiere, para futuros estudios, la evaluación de la eficacia del EHS en muestras mayores y más heterogéneas de estudiantes universitarios.

Atuação e Dificuldades de Enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na Prevenção do Pé Diabético / Performance and Difficulties of Family Nurses in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot / Actuación y Dificultades de los Enfermeros de la Familia en la Prevención del Pie Diabético

Objetivos:Analisar a avaliação preventiva dos pés em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) realizada por enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da zona urbana de Floriano (PI), com dez enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas remotas utilizando roteiro semiestruturado. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Deslandes et al. Resultados: Obteve-se o reconhecimento de duas categorias "Ações do enfermeiro na prevenção do pé diabético" e "Fatores que interferem na avaliação preventiva dos pés". A avaliação preventiva dos pés em pacientes diabéticos é parcial, superficial e fragmentada. Conclusão: A avaliação preventiva dos pés em pacientes com diabetes é parcial, superficial e fragmentada, pois limita-se a orientações de autocuidado, que, também, são incompletas e até não executadas.

Objectives:To investigate the preventive assessment of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) performed by nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Method: A descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in Basic Health Units in the urban area of Floriano, state of Piauí, Brazil, with ten nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Data were obtained through remote interviews using a semi-structured script. For data analysis, the content analysis technique proposed by Deslandes et al. was used. Results: From this, the categories "Nurses' actions in the prevention of diabetic foot" and "Factors that interfere in the preventive assessment of the feet" emerged. The preventive assessment of the feet in diabetic patients is partial, superficial and fragmented. Conclusion: It is necessary to train professionals for the development of preventive assessment of the diabetic foot, as well as the provision of necessary resources for this purpose.

Objetivos:Investigar la evaluación preventiva del pie en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) realizada por enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en Unidades Básicas de Salud del área urbana de Floriano-PI, con diez enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas a distancia utilizando un guión semiestructurado. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido propuesta por Deslandes et al. Resultados: A partir de eso, surgieron las categorías "Acciones de los enfermeros en la prevención del pie diabético" y "Factores que interfieren en la evaluación preventiva de los pies". La valoración preventiva de los pies en pacientes diabéticos es parcial, superficial y fragmentada. Conclusión: Es necesaria la formación de profesionales para el desarrollo de la valoración preventiva del pie diabético, así como la dotación de los recursos necesarios para tal fin.

Perfil Clínico e Epidemiológico de Pacientes Submetidos a Amputação de Membros Inferiores / Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients Submitted to Lower Limb Amputation / Perfil Clínico y Epidemiológico de los Pacientes Sometidos a Amputación de Miembros Inferiores

Objetivo:Caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes submetidos à amputação de membros inferiores em um hospital público do sul do Piauí. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com análise documental e abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de julho e agosto de 2021, sendo realizada por meio de um instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Os dados foram processados pelo o software estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 20.0. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 70 pacientes com média de idade de 65,6 anos, a maioria do sexo masculino (61,4%), de cor parda (88,6%), casada (48,3%), aposentada (42,9%), advinda de outras cidades do Piauí (87,1%). A maioria dos pacientes (47,1%) apresentava uma comorbidade no momento da amputação, sendo o diabetes mellitus (34,3%) a mais prevalente, seguido de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (12,9%). O diabetes mellitus foi a principal causa de amputação (48,6%), sendo a nível transfemoral (42,9%) a mais predominante. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados em caráter de urgência, e grande parte das internações (94,3%) evoluiu para alta. Conclusão: Os achados demonstram que pessoas com diabetes mellitus, do sexo masculino e idosas foram as que mais se submeteram a amputação, sendo o nível transfemoral o mais realizado

Objective:To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing lower limb amputation in a public hospital in southern Piauí state, Brazil. Method: Retrospective and descriptive study, with document analysis and quantitative approach. Data collection took place in July and August 2021, using an instrument developed by the researchers. Data were processed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. Results: The sample consisted of 70 patients with a mean age of 65.59 years, most of them male (61.4%), brown (88.6%), married (48.3%), retired (42.9%), coming from other cities of Piauí (87.1%). Most patients (47.1%) had a comorbidity at the time of amputation, with diabetes mellitus (34.3%) being the most prevalent, followed by systemic arterial hypertension (12.9%). Diabetes was the main cause of amputation (48.6%), being the transfemoral level (42.9%) the most affected. All procedures were performed on an emergency basis, and most hospitalizations (94.3%) progressed to discharge. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that people with diabetes, males, and the elderly were the individuals who most underwent amputation, with the transfemoral level being the most performed.

Objetivo:caracterizar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes sometidos a amputación de miembros inferiores en un hospital público del sur de Piauí. Método: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, con análisis documental y enfoque cuantitativo. La recolección de datos ocurrió en julio y agosto de 2021, utilizando un instrumento desarrollado por los investigadores. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el software estadístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versión 20.0. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 70 pacientes con una media de edad de 65,6 años, la mayoría del sexo masculino (61,4%), pardas (88,6%), casadas (48,3%), jubiladas (42,9%), provenientes de otras ciudades de Piauí (87,1%). La mayoría de los pacientes (47,1%) presentaba alguna comorbilidad en el momento de la amputación, siendo la diabetes mellitus (34,3%) la más prevalente, seguida de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (12,9%). La diabetes fue la principal causa de amputación (48,6%), siendo el nivel transfemoral (42,9%) el más afectado. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron de forma urgente y la mayoría de las hospitalizaciones (94,3%) progresaron hasta el alta. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio revelan que los diabéticos, del sexo masculino y los ancianos fueron los individuos que más amputaron, siendo el nivel transfemoral el más realizado.

Microextraction technique associated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining pesticide residues in urine.

Urine is one of the biological matrices most used for detecting human contamination, as it is representative and easily obtained via noninvasive sampling. This study proposes a fast, accurate, and ecological method based on liquid-liquid microextraction with low-temperature partition (µLLE/LTP). It was validated to determine nine pesticides (lindane, alachlor, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, bifenthrin, and permethrin) in human urine, in association with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique was optimized through a factorial design. The best conditions for the simultaneous extraction of the analytes comprised the addition of 600 µL of water and 600 µL of acetonitrile (extracting solvent) to a 500-µL urine sample, followed by vortexing for 60 s. By freezing the samples for 4 h, it was possible to extract the pesticides and perform the extract clean-up simultaneously. The parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy were used to appraise the performance of the method. Good values of selectivity and linearity (R2 > 0.990), LOQ (0.39-1.02 µg L-1), accuracy (88-119% recovery), and precision (%CV ≤ 15%) were obtained. The µLLE/LTP-GC-MS method was applied to authentic urine samples collected from volunteers in Southeast Brazil.

Biomechanical and microbiological analysis of embalmed cats - acute effect of conservation.

Animals corpses in teaching and research institutions could be sources of infection for students and teachers when applied for dissection and surgical practice. This research aimed to evaluate cats' corpses' conservation using a new anatomic technique and vacuum package for seven days, aiming surgical practicing. A 150 mL/kg of alcohol with 5% glycerin and 120 mL/kg of a 20% sodium chloride, 1% nitrite, and 1% sodium nitrate solution was injected on corpses sealed in vacuum packages and put on 0 to 4°C. Skin and jejunum were collected on day 0 (fresh samples/control), and traction analysis was performed for seven consecutive days. On the last day, the liquid in the plastic bags was microbiologically analyzed. There was no statistical difference between control and conservation moments (D1 and D2) in maximal rupture force of the skin, and jejunum was similar to control in D2, D4, and D6. The microbial population did not exceed 6.0x104CFU/mL in total aerobics and 4.8x104CFU/mL in total anaerobes. Biomechanics was not significantly affected, and the microbiological count was low during conservation, demonstrating the possible effectiveness of this anatomical technique for surgery training.

Internações e óbitos por Diabetes Mellitus / Hospitalizations and deaths by Diabetes Mellitus / Hospitalización y muertes por Diabetes Mellitus

Objetivo: analisar o perfil das internações e da mortalidade por Diabetes Mellitus no Piauí entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado através de dados secundários referentes aos anos de 2015 a 2019, extraídos do site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A população do estudo foi composta por todas as hospitalizações e óbitos por Diabetes Mellitus de pessoas residentes no Estado do Piauí. Resultados: Foram registradas 18.361 hospitalizações por Diabetes Mellitus, das quais 527 evoluíram a óbito, com taxa de mortalidade de 2,87 por 100 internações. As hospitalizações predominaram em mulheres, pardas e com idade entre 60 e 69 anos. Nos óbitos houve predomínio entre as mulheres, pardas e idosas. Conclusão: para reduzir a morbimortalidade por Diabetes Mellitus é preciso fortalecer a Atenção Primária à Saúde a fim de melhorar a assistência e, assim, o rastreamento e tratamento

Objective: to analyze the profile of hospitalizations and mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Piauí between 2015 and 2019. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study, carried out using secondary data for the years 2015 to 2019, extracted from the Department's website of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The study population consisted of all hospitalizations and deaths from Diabetes Mellitus of people residing in the State of Piauí. Results: 18,361 hospitalizations for Diabetes Mellitus were registered, of which 527 died, with a mortality rate of 2.87 per 100 hospitalizations. Hospitalizations predominated in women, browns and aged between 60 and 69 years. Deaths were predominant among women, browns and elderly women. Conclusion: to reduce morbidity and mortality from Diabetes Mellitus, it is necessary to strengthen Primary Health Care in order to improve care and, thus, screening and treatment

Objetivo: analizar el perfil de hospitalizaciones y mortalidad por Diabetes Mellitus en Piauí entre 2015 y 2019. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado con datos secundarios de los años 2015 a 2019, extraídos del sitio web del Departamento. de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud La población de estudio estuvo constituida por todas las hospitalizaciones y defunciones por Diabetes Mellitus de personas residentes en el Estado de Piauí. Resultados: se registraron 18.361 hospitalizaciones por Diabetes Mellitus, de las cuales 527 fallecieron, con una tasa de mortalidad de 2,87 por 100 hospitalizaciones. Las hospitalizaciones predominaron en mujeres, morenos y con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y los 69 años. Las muertes fueron predominantes entre mujeres, marrones y ancianas. Conclusión: para reducir la morbimortalidad por Diabetes Mellitus es necesario fortalecer la Atención Primaria de Salud para mejorar la atención y, por ende, el cribado y el tratamiento

Toxicological Stability of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil and Its Major Components in the Control of Sitophilus zeamais.

Essential oils (EOs) are widely recognized as efficient and safe alternatives for controlling pest insects in foods. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the toxicological stability of botanical insecticides in stored grains in order to establish criteria of use and ensure your efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicological stability of basil essential oil (O. basilicum) and its linalool and estragole components for Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) adults in corn grains by fumigation. The identification of the chemical compounds of the essential oil was performed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector. Mortality of insects was assessed after 24 h exposure. After storage for six (EO) and two months (linalool and estragole) under different conditions of temperature (5, 20, and 35 °C) and light (with and without exposure to light), its toxicological stability was evaluated. Studies revealed that the essential oil of O. basilicum and its main components exhibited insecticidal potential against adults of S. zeamais. For greater toxicological stability, suitable storage conditions for them include absence of light and temperatures equal to or less than 20 °C.

Method Validation and Evaluation of Safrole Persistence in Cowpea Beans Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography.

Bioinsecticides are regarded as important alternatives for controlling agricultural pests. However, few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. This study aimed at optimizing and validating a fast and effective method for extraction and quantification of residues of safrole (the main component of Piper hispidinervum essential oil) in cowpea beans. It also sought to assess the persistence of this substance in the grains treated by contact and fumigation. The proposed method used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Factors such as temperature, extraction time and type of fiber were assessed to maximize the performance of the extraction technique. The performance of the method was appraised via the parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ of safrole were 0.0057 and 0.019 µg kg-1, respectively and the determination coefficient (R2) was >0.99. The relative recovery ranged from 99.26 to 104.85, with a coefficient of variation <15%. The validated method was applied to assess the persistence of safrole residue in grains, where concentrations ranged from 1.095 to 0.052 µg kg-1 (contact) and from 2.16 to 0.12 µg kg -1 (fumigation). The levels measured up from the fifth day represented less than 1% of the initial concentration, proving that safrole have low persistence in cowpea beans, thus being safe for bioinsecticide use. Thus, this work is relevant not only for the extraction method developed, but also for the possible use of a natural insecticide in pest management in stored grains.

The efficacy of washing strategies in the elimination of fungicide residues and the alterations on the quality of bell peppers.

Food safety problems caused by pesticide residues in vegetables have become a top issue to raise public concern. In this study, bell peppers were grown in an experimental field and sprayed with two systemic (azoxystrobin and difenoconazole) and one contact (chlorothalonil) fungicides. Ozone (ozonated water and water continuously bubble with ozone) or conventional domestic (washing with distilled water, detergent, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium hypochlorite solutions) procedures were investigated to identify the most effective way to remove fungicide residues in bell peppers. The residues in the fruits and the washing solutions were determined by solid-liquid extraction with a low-temperature partition (SLE/LTP) and liquid-liquid extraction with a low-temperature partition (LLE/LTP), respectively, and analyzed by gas chromatography. Water continuously bubbled with ozone a concentration of 3 mg L-1 was the most efficient treatment with removal of fungicides residues ranging from 67% to 87%. However, similar treatment at a lower concentration (1 mg L-1) did not only efficiently removed fungicide residues (between 53% and 75%) but also preserving the quality of the fruit along a storage time of 13 days. Among the conventional solutions, sodium bicarbonate at 5% showed good efficiency removing between 60% and 81% of the fungicide residues from bell peppers, affecting the color quality of the fruit. Overall, the most affected physicochemical parameters in bell peppers after the treatments were weight loss, color, and vitamin C content.

Sintomas de ansiedade e indicativos de depressão em idosas praticantes do método pilates no solo / Symptoms of anxiety and indicative of depression in elderly women practicing the mat pilates method / Los sintomas de ansiedad e indicativo de depresión en las mujeres de más edad practicantes del método pilates en el suelo

Este estudo analisou sintomas de ansiedade e indicativos de depressão em idosas praticantes do Método Pilates (MP) no solo e seus fatores associados. Participaram desta pesquisa transversal 90 idosas praticantes do MP no solo. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram associação significativa dos sintomas de ansiedade com a presença de osteoartrite (p = 0,0004), depressão (p = 0,005) e quantidade de doenças associadas (p = 0,012). Não foi encontrada associação significativa (p > 0,05) dos indicativos de depressão com nenhuma das variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Concluiu-se que a presença de doenças nos idosos deste estudo, como a osteoartrite e a depressão, e o acúmulo de comorbidades podem levar ao aumento do nível de ansiedade de idosas praticantes do MP no solo.

This study analyzed symptoms of anxiety and indicative of depression in elderly women practicing the Mat Pilates Method (MPM) and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study of 90 elderly women practicing MPM. The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant association of anxiety symptoms with osteoarthritis (p = 0.0004), depression (p = 0.005), and number of associated diseases (p = 0.012). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) of the indicators of depression with none of the sociodemographic and health variables. It was concluded that the presence of diseases in the elderly of this study, such as osteoarthritis and depression, and the accumulation of comorbidities may lead to an increase in the level of anxiety of elderly MPM.

Este estudio analizó síntomas de ansiedad e indicativo de depresión en las mujeres de más edad que practican el método Pilates (MP) en el suelo y sus factores asociados. Participaron del estudio transversal 90 mujeres mayores practicantes del MP suelo. Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y el Inventario de Ansiedad Geriátrica. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante las pruebas de Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher (p < 0.05). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una asociación significativa de síntomas de ansiedad con osteoartritis (p = 0.0004), depresión (p = 0.005) y el número de enfermedades asociadas (p = 0,012). No hubo una asociación significativa (p > 0.05) de los indicadores de la depresión con ninguno de las variables socioeconómicas e de la salud. Se concluyó que la presencia de enfermedades en los ancianos de este estudio, como la osteoartritis y la depresión, y la acumulación de comorbilidades pueden conducir al aumento del nivel de ansiedad de las personas mayores practicantes del MP en el suelo.

Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction: Validation of the Method and Determination of Allyl Isothiocyanate Persistence in Cowpea Beans.

Essential oils are widely recognized as an efficient and safe alternative for controlling pests in foods. However, a few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. The present study optimized and validated a fast and effective method for extraction and quantification of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC-the main component of mustard essential oil) residue in cowpea beans. It also investigated the persistence of this substance in the grains. The proposed method employs headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). For optimizing it, a central composite design (CCD) was used, where the best conditions for the extraction of the AITC were achieved using 15 min fiber exposure at 30 °C. The performance of the method was assessed by studying selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ for AITC were 0.11 and 0.33 µg kg-1, respectively. The determination coefficient (R 2) was above 0.99. The relative recovery rate ranged from 108.2 to 114.8%, with an interday coefficient of variation below 9%. After 36 h, no residue was detected in the samples, demonstrating that the AITC has low persistence and can be safely used as a bioinsecticide for grains.

Optimal Extraction of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil by Association of Ultrasound and Hydrodistillation and Its Potential as a Biopesticide against a Major Stored Grains Pest.

The essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) has significant biological activity against insect pests and can be extracted through various techniques. This work aimed to optimize and validate the extraction process of the essential oil of O. basilicum submitted to different drying temperatures of the leaves and extracted by the combination of a Clevenger method and ultrasound. The biological activity of the extracted oil under different conditions was evaluated for potential control of Sitophilus zeamais. The extraction method was optimized according to the sonication time by ultrasound (0, 8, 19, 31 and 38 min) and hydrodistillation (20, 30, 45, 60 and 70 min) and drying temperature (20, 30, 45, 60 and 70 °C). The bioactivity of the essential oil was assessed against adults of S. zeamais and the effects of each variable and its interactions on the mortality of the insects were evaluated. The best yield of essential oil was obtained with the longest sonication and hydrodistillation times and the lowest drying temperature of leaves. Higher toxicity of the essential oil against S. zeamais was obtained by the use of ultrasound for its extraction. The identification and the relative percentage of the compounds of the essential oil were performed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector. The performance of the method was assessed by studying selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ values for linalool were 2.19 and 6.62 µg mL-1 and for estragole 2.001 and 6.063 µg mL-1, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2) were >0.99. The average recoveries ranged between 71 and 106%, with coefficient of variation ≤6.4%.