Intestinal endometriotic nodules with a length greater than 2.25 cm and affecting more than 27% of the circumference are more likely to undergo segmental resection, rather than linear nodulectomy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of intestinal ultrasonography with bowel preparation (TVUSBP) for endometriosis mapping in evaluating intestinal endometriosis to choose the surgical technique (segmental resection or linear nodulectomy) for treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: University Hospital-Center for Advanced Endoscopic Gynecologic Surgery from April 2010 to November 2014. PATIENT(S): One hundred and eleven women with clinically suspected endometriosis and intestinal endometriotic nodule or intestinal adherence in TVUSBP for endometriosis mapping. INTERVENTION(S): All patients with suspected endometriosis underwent TVUSBP for endometriosis mapping prior to videolaparoscopy for complete excision of endometriosis foci, including intestinal foci, using the linear nodulectomy or segmental resection techniques, depending on the characteristics of the intestinal lesion with confirmation of endometriosis on anatomopathological examination. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Preoperative ultrasonographic assessment of the length of the intestinal nodule, circumference of the intestinal loop affected by the endometriotic lesion, distance from the anal verge and intestinal wall layers infiltrated by endometriosis, as well as other endometriosis sites. Of the 111 patients who participated in the study, 63 (56.7%) presented intestinal endometriotic nodules in ultrasonography, performed by a single examiner (A.L.A.N.), and underwent intestinal surgical treatment of deep endometriosis-linear nodulectomy or segmental resection. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that a longitudinal length of the intestinal nodule of 2.25 cm and a loop circumference of 27% are cutoff points separating linear nodulectomy from segmental resection techniques for excising intestinal endometriosis. The information obtained by TVUSBP helps the surgeon and patient, in the preoperative period, to select the surgical technique to be performed for resection of intestinal endometriosis and plan the surgical procedure while taking into account postoperative morbidity.

Assessment of the body composition and the loss of fat-free mass through bioelectric impedance analysis in patients who underwent open gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is considered an effective option for the management of morbid obesity. The incidence of obesity has been gradually increasing all over the world reaching epidemic proportions in some regions of the world. Obesity can cause a reduction of up to 22% in the life expectancy of morbidly obese patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to assess the weight loss associated with the first 6 months after bariatric surgery using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) for the evaluation of fat mass and fat-free mass. METHOD: A total of 36 morbidly obese patients were subjected to open gastric bypass surgery. The patients weight was monitored before and after the procedure using the bioelectric impedance analysis. RESULTS: Bariatric surgery resulted in an average percentage of weight loss of 28.6% (40 kg) as determined 6 months after the procedure was performed. Analysis of the different components of body weight indicated an undesirable loss of fat-free mass along with the reduction of total body weight. CONCLUSION: Open gastric bypass induced a significant loss of total weight and loss of fat-free mass in patients six months after the surgery. The use of bioelectric impedance analysis resulted in an appropriate estimation of the total weight components in individuals subjected to bariatric surgery allowing a more real analysis of the variation of weight after the surgery.

Impact of laparoscopic colorectal segment resection on quality of life in women with deep endometriosis: one year follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in quality of life (QOL) over a 1-year follow-up period in patients submitted to laparoscopic colorectal resection for the treatment of deep endometriosis. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study (Canadian Task Force Design Classification II) involving 40 women with intestinal deep endometriosis was conducted between June 2007 and September 2008 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prior to the surgical procedure, all patients received magnetic resonance studies of the pelvis and rectal echoendoscopy, which suggested intestinal involvement of the disease in all cases. The patients received laparoscopic colorectal resections and treatment for other endometriotic lesions. The subjects completed the QOL SF-36 at 3 time points (T0 pre-operatively; T1 6 months post-operatively; and T2 1 year post-operatively). RESULTS: The physical functioning, role physical, social functioning and role emotional subscales evidenced the most substantial median increases for T0, T1 and T2. The pain, general health, vitality and mental health domains showed slight changes and increases in medians but did not increase to the same extent as the previous group. Significant improvements were observed in all domains of the SF-36 throughout the study period (p < 0.05). Physical health-related QOL domains showed greater improvement than mental health domains. Analyses of age, parity and body mass index as potential factors influencing the impact of surgery on QOL revealed no differences. Therefore, these factors were not used as prognostic indicators for the surgical procedure or for patient follow-up. In addition, we noted that the patients with poorest results on the initial QOL questionnaire showed the greatest improvements at the end point. CONCLUSION: The study results showed that laparoscopic colorectal segment resection for endometriosis had a positive impact on QOL in this patient group. The positive effects persisted 1 year after surgery.

Fatores prognósticos nas gastrectomias com linfadenectomia D2 por adenocarcinoma gástrico / Prognostic factors in D2 gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma

RACIONAL: A disseminação linfática é significativamente mais prevalente do que a hematogênica no câncer gástrico e assim torna-se importante o tratamento loco-regional, ou seja, a ressecção cirúrgica associada à linfadenectomia, preferencialmente do tipo D2. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevivência global nos pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia D2 por adenocarcinoma gástrico; determinar os principais fatores prognósticos e definir variáveis que possuam valor prognóstico independente. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo em 125 pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia D2, entre agosto de 1997 e outubro de 2005. A técnica adotada seguiu rigorosamente o protocolo proposto pelo Centro Nacional de Câncer de Tóquio. RESULTADOS: Havia 73 homens e 52 mulheres com idades que variaram de 28 a 84 anos (média de 58,96 ± 14,01). Setenta por cento das lesões situavam-se na porção distal do estômago, 20 por cento eram proximais e 10 por cento ocupavam os três segmentos anatômicos do órgão. Os estádios estavam assim distribuídos: I - 37 casos (29,6 por cento), II - 20 casos (16 por cento), III - 37 casos (29,6 por cento), e IV - 31 casos (24,8 por cento). Realizou-se 87 gastrectomias subtotais e 38 totais. A morbidade total foi de 26,4 por cento, constituindo-se predominantemente de fístulas e complicações pulmonares. A letalidade foi de 9,6 por cento. Após seguimento médio de 48 meses, 68 (54,4 por cento) pacientes tinham falecido, representando sobrevivência global de 45,6 por cento. As análises univariada e multivariada revelaram que: tumores que acometiam grandes segmentos do estômago, lesões que acometiam além da serosa (T3 ou T4), comprometimento neoplásico em mais de sete linfonodos (N2 ou N3), presença de metástases à distância (M1) e o estádio III e IV da doença, estavam relacionados diretamente com pior prognóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Menos da metade dos pacientes encontrava-se vivo após seguimento médio de quatro anos; o estádio TNM isolado constituiu-se no principal...

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic spread is more common in gastric cancer than the hematogenic one. Thus, the locoregional dissection type D2 seems to be important. AIM: To evaluate the overall survival after D2 gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma and to determine the most important prognostic factors, including those with independent statistical value. METHODS: Prospective study with 125 patients operated between August 1997 and October 2005. The technique employed followed strictly the protocol of the National Cancer Center - Tokyo. RESULTS: There were 73 men and 52 women with ages ranging 28 to 84 years (mean of 58.96 ± 14.01). Seventy per cent of the lesions were located at the distal portion of the stomach, 20 percent were proximal and 10 percent comprised the whole organ. The stage distributions were: I - 37 cases (29.6 percent), II - 20 cases (16 percent), III - 37 cases (29.6 percent), and IV - 31 cases (24.8 percent). It was performed the amount of 73 subtotal gastrectomies and 52 totals. The morbidity rate was 26.4 percent, mainly, due to leakage and pulmonary complications. The overall mortality rate was 9.6 percent. After a mean follow-up of 48 months, 68 (54.4 percent) patients were dead, representing an overall survival rate of 45.6 percent. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis revealed that: tumors comprising the whole stomach, beyond the serosal layer (T3 or T4), with more than seven metastatic lymph nodes (N2 or N3), with distant metastasis (M1), and belonging to the stage III or IV of the disease, were related to a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Less than a half of the patients were alive after a mean follow-up of almost four years; the TNM stage system was the main prognostic factor, ergo, the extension of the lesions, the stage of the disease, metastatic occurrence and mainly the lymph node involvement were define as an independent prognostic factors.

Valor do enema de bário com duplo contraste no diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide / Double-contrast barium enema in the diagnosis of intestinal deeply infiltrating endometriosis

OBJETIVO: avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo do enema de bário com duplo contraste (EBDC) para o diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal prospectivo que incluiu 37 pacientes com quadro clínico suspeito de endometriose profunda. As pacientes foram submetidas ao EBDC de acordo com a técnica padrão descrita na literatura. Em seguida, foram submetidas à laparoscopia. Os exames foram realizados e seus resultados e imagens foram interpretados e comparados com base na avaliação histológica. A análise estatística foi realizada pela análise de associação (teste do χ2) e análise de concordância (teste de Kappa). RESULTADOS: a média de idade das pacientes estudadas foi de 35,8±4,4 anos (faixa de 28 a 48 anos), sendo 85,6 por cento brancas e 14,4 por cento negras. A endometriose profunda foi confirmada por laparoscopia e pelo exame histológico em todas as pacientes estudadas. A endometriose intestinal foi confirmada histologicamente em 27 mulheres (72,9 por cento). O EBDC demonstrou sinais radiológicos sugestivos de infiltração intestinal por endometriose em 24 mulheres (64,9 por cento) e ausência de sinais em 13 mulheres (35,1 por cento). A sensibilidade do método foi de 87,5 por cento, especificidade de 53,8 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 77,8 por cento e valor preditivo negativo de 70 por cento. Dentre os 24 exames anormais, 16 (43,2 por cento) apresentaram imagem radiológica do tipo espícula, 16 (43,2 por cento) apresentavam imagem compatível com estenose e quatro (10,8 por cento) o duplo contorno. CONCLUSÕES: o EBDC apresenta elevada sensibilidade e elevado valor preditivo positivo no diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide. As imagens radiológicas do tipo espícula e estenose apresentam elevada sensibilidade e valor preditivo positivo para a infiltração intestinal por endometriose.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of double contrast barium enema (DCBE) for the diagnoses of rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. METHODS: prospective transversal study including 37 patients with suspicion of deep endometriosis. Patients were submitted to DCBE, according to the standard technique described in the literature, and then, to laparoscopy. The results of laparoscopy and the DCBE images were interpreted and compared, based on the histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by association (χ2 test) and agreement analyses (Kappa's test). RESULTS: patients' average age was 35.8±4.4 years old (age group from 28 to 48 years), 85.6 percent of them being white and 14.4 percent, black women. Deep endometriosis was confirmed by laparoscopy and histological exam in all the studied patients. Intestinal endometriosis was confirmed by histological exam in 27 women (72.9 percent) of them. DCBE demonstrated suggestive radiologic signs of intestinal infiltration by endometriosis in 24 women (64.9 percent) and no signs in 13 women (35.1 percent). The method sensitivity was 67.5 percent, specificity 53.8 percent, positive predictive value, 77.8 percent and negative predictive value, 70 percent. Among the 24 abnormal exams, 16 (43.2 percent) presented radiologic speculum-type image, 16 (43.2 percent), an image compatible with stenosis, and four (10.8 percent), double contour. CONCLUSIONS: the DCBE presents high sensitivity and high positive predictive value, in the diagnosis of the rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. Radiologic images speculum and stenosis-type present high sensitivity and positive predictive value for the intestinal infiltration by endometriosis.

Double-contrast barium enema and transrectal endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intestinal deeply infiltrating endometriosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, association, and agreement of double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) and transrectal endoscopic ultrasonography (Tr EUS) in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid colon endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: We evaluated 37 patients with clinically suspected deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) from January 2004 through January 2005. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical examination, DCBE, Tr EUS, and laparoscopy for histologic confirmation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Deeply infiltrating endometriosis was confirmed by laparoscopic visualization and by histopathologic examination in all patients. Intestinal endometriosis was observed in 27 patients (72.9%). DCBE showed abnormalities suggestive of bowel endometriosis in 24 patients (64.9%) and Tr EUS in 28 patients (75.7%). Considering the DCBE findings we observed among the 24 abnormal examination results, 16 (42.3%) had spiculation, 16 (42.3%) had circumferential narrowing of the bowel, and 4 (10.8%) had the mass effect sign. For DCBE the sensitivity was 88%, the specificity was 54%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 70%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 78%. For Tr EUS the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV were 96%, 100%, 90%, and 100%. A significant association of the DCBE and the Tr EUS in the diagnosis of intestinal DIE (p = .017) and a moderate agreement of the methods (kappa = 0.44) was also observed. CONCLUSION: Our data, although limited by sample size, confirmed that DCBE has a good sensitivity and a low specificity in the diagnosis of intestinal DIE. The Tr EUS proved to have a higher sensitivity and specificity with elevated NPV and PPV. A significant association of the DCBE and the Tr EUS in the diagnosis of intestinal DIE and a moderate agreement of the methods was also observed.

[Double-contrast barium enema in the diagnosis of intestinal deeply infiltrating endometriosis]. / Valor do enema de bário com duplo contraste no diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of double contrast barium enema (DCBE) for the diagnoses of rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. METHODS: prospective transversal study including 37 patients with suspicion of deep endometriosis. Patients were submitted to DCBE, according to the standard technique described in the literature, and then, to laparoscopy. The results of laparoscopy and the DCBE images were interpreted and compared, based on the histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by association (chi2 test) and agreement analyses (Kappa's test). RESULTS: patients' average age was 35.8+/-4.4 years old (age group from 28 to 48 years), 85.6% of them being white and 14.4%, black women. Deep endometriosis was confirmed by laparoscopy and histological exam in all the studied patients. Intestinal endometriosis was confirmed by histological exam in 27 women (72.9%) of them. DCBE demonstrated suggestive radiologic signs of intestinal infiltration by endometriosis in 24 women (64.9%) and no signs in 13 women (35.1%). The method sensitivity was 67.5%, specificity 53.8%, positive predictive value, 77.8% and negative predictive value, 70%. Among the 24 abnormal exams, 16 (43.2%) presented radiologic speculum-type image, 16 (43.2%), an image compatible with stenosis, and four (10.8%), double contour. CONCLUSIONS: the DCBE presents high sensitivity and high positive predictive value, in the diagnosis of the rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. Radiologic images speculum and stenosis-type present high sensitivity and positive predictive value for the intestinal infiltration by endometriosis.

[Hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury]. / Repercussões respiratórias e hemodinâmicas do pneumoperitônio na lesão do diafragma--estudo experimental.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury. METHODS: Fifteen animals chosen at random were submitted to diaphragmatic injury by means of CO2 laparoscopy. Evaluation consisted of drawing blood samples to analyze blood gases, as well as the hemodynamic and respiratory variables. RESULTS: Alterations occurred in APA, CPP, PAO2, ASO2, VSO2. CONCLUSION: We concluded that videolaparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum pressure under 15 mmHg is a safe procedure in patients with diaphragmatic injuries because this pressure level does not cause hemodynamic changes, such as decrease of the cardiac output.

Repercussões respiratórias e hemodinâmicas do pneumoperitônio na lesão do diafragma: estudo experimental / Hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury

OBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias secundárias à laparoscopia em modelo experimental de lesão diafragmática. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 15 suínos, distribuídos em três grupos com cinco animais cada, assim constituídos: Grupo 1 - Portadores de lesão diafragmática e avaliados sem pneumoperitônio (CLSP); Grupo 2 - Sem lesão diafragmática e avaliados com pneumoperitônio (SLCP); Grupo 3 - Portadores de lesão diafragmática e avaliados com pneumoperitônio (CLCP). Foram avaliadas variáveis gasométricas, hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. RESULTADOS: Houve alterações significantes da pressão média de artéria pulmonar (PAP), pressão de capilar pulmonar (PCP), PAO2, SAO2 e SVO2. CONCLUSÃO: A videolaparoscopia na presença de lesão do diafragma não acarreta alterações do débito cardíaco e pode ser realizada com segurança, desde que a pressão de pneumoperitônio não ultrapasse valores de 15 mmHg.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury. METHODS: Fifteen animals chosen at random were submitted to diaphragmatic injury by means of CO2 laparoscopy. Evaluation consisted of drawing blood samples to analyze blood gases, as well as the hemodynamic and respiratory variables. RESULTS: Alterations occurred in APA, CPP, PAO2, ASO2, VSO2. CONCLUSION: We concluded that videolaparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum pressure under 15mmHg is a safe procedure in patients with diaphragmatic injuries because this pressure level does not cause hemodynamic changes, such as decrease of the cardiac output. [Rev Assoc Med Bras 2007; 53(4): 294-9]

Uso de teste de químio-sensibilidade para escolha da quimioterapia adjuvante no câncer gástrico avançado / Use of the chemosensitivity test to choose appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer

OBJETIVO: Introduzir e familiarizar em nosso meio o uso do teste de químio-sensibilidade MTT avaliando a ação de agentes quimioterápicos sobre células tumorais de 30 doentes com câncer gástrico avançado. Correlacionar os resultados do teste MTT com os aspectos clínicos, anátomo-patológicos e estádio utlizando a mesma metodologia do estudo realizado em pacientes japoneses na Universidade de Keio, Japão. MÉTODO: Foi realizado o teste MTT em tumores de 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma gástrico, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Foram estudados in vitro os seguintes agentes quimioterápicos: mitomicina C, doxorrubicina, cisplatina e 5-fluorouracil. RESULTADOS: Os índices de atividade sobre células tumorais foram: 16,6 por cento para a mitomicina C, 10,0 por cento para a doxorrubicina, 6,6 por cento para a cisplatina e 6,6 por cento para o 5-fluorouracil. Os resultados do teste MTT não tiveram correlação com a idade, sexo, aspectos microscópicos e estádio (p0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A ação dos agentes quimioterápicos estudados sobre células tumorais do câncer gástrico foi baixa. Os resultados da ação dos quimioterápicos in vitro não apresentou correlação estatística com a idade, sexo, aspectos microscópicos e estádio destes doentes. Utilizando a mesma metodologia, tanto em nosso meio como em pacientes japoneses, a quimio-sensibilidade se mostrou baixa em ambos os estudos, podendo-se deduzir também que os resultados da químiosensibilidade independe da etnia. Com o surgimento de novos agentes quimioterápicos, a expectativa é grande para melhores resultados na prática clínica. Com a utilização e difusão do teste MTT em nosso meio, poder-se-á criar protocolos e estudos multicêntricos para selecionar os quimioterápicos a serem utlizados.

BACKGROUND: Utilizing the MTT chemosensitivity test to evaluated the action of chemotherapeutic agents on cancer cells of 30 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment. Correlation between test results, clinical and anatomopathological aspects, disease staging, were dane using the same methodology of study performed in Japanese patients presented in master dissertation. METHODS: MTT test was carried out in cancer cells of 30 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma submitted to surgical treatment in the Department of Surgery at Santa Casa de São Paulo, Medical School. The following drugs were studied in vitro: mitomycin C, doxorubicin, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS: Efficacy rates on tumors cells were reported as being: 16.6 percent for mitomycin C, 10.0 percent for doxorubicin, 6.6 percent for cisplatin and 6.6 percent for 5-fluorouracil. There were no statistically significant correlations between chemosensitivity and age, sex, microscopic aspect and disease staging (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The effect of the studied chemotherapeutical drugs on gastric cancer cell cultivated in vitro is low. The results of chemotherapy effect in vitro proved no statistical correlation with age, sex, microscopic aspect and disease staging of these patients. Using the same methodology in our patients (non oriental) or in Japanese patients the chemosensitivity was low in both studies. We can conclude that no matter which race is studied it will get the same low response results of chemosensitivity. With development of new chemotherapeutics agents the expectation is greater for better results in clinical practice. With the utilization and the spread of the MTT chemosensitivity test in our patients it will be possible to create protocols and multicentric studies for selection of new chemotherapeutic agents.

Exclusão gastroduodenal e vagotomia troncular: repercussão no peso corporal e gastrinemia- estudo experimental em ratos / Gastroduodenal exclusion and truncal vagotomy: weight and seric gastrin alterations-experimental study on rats

Objetivo: A obesidade mórbida é uma doença crônica que se acompanha de várias complicações médicas e de uma menor esperança de vida, prejudicando o aspecto físico, emocional, econômico e social. As pesquisas clínicas e experimentais são amplamente justificadas nesta doença, considerando-se que a opção de tratamento operatório é recente. As gastroplastias e as derivações gástricas são algumas das modalidades terapêuticas propostas e produzem uma grande câmara gástrica remanescente, que em algumas técnicas fica totalmente excluída do trânsito alimentar. As possíveis alterações deste segmento, transformado em apêndice do sistema digestório, representam um vasto campo para pesquisa. Tivemos como objetivo avaliar o peso e as alterações da dosagem de gastrina sérica do rato, após denervação vagal troncular subdiafragmática, com exclusão da câmara gástrica e duodeno do trânsito alimentar do animal. Método: Foi realizada vagotomia troncular e exclusão gastroduodenal em cem ratos, dos quais trinta puderam ser estudados. Eram ratos machos adultos (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus), da linhagem Wistar, com peso médio de 378,67 g. Este estudo foi complementado pela dosagem sérica de gastrina por radioimunoensaio com I125 e duplo anticorpo para gastrina. Resultados: O peso de todos os ratos estudados diminuiu em média de 378,67 g para 285,83 g. Os trinta animais perderam em média 92,83 g (-24,52%). Houve diferenças significativas entre o peso inicial dos animais e o peso final (p< 0,001). A gastrina sérica tambémdiminuiu em vinte e um dos trinta ratos operados, caindo de 59,68 pg/ml para 46,77 pg/ml em média, correspondendoa uma diminuição de 12,91 pg ( 19,73%) entre as duas médias (p< 0,001). A análise estatística teve como objetivo avaliar se houve diminuição nas médias das variáveis: peso e gastrina, medidas antes e depois da operaçãoproposta. Para avaliar as diferenças entre as médias, utilizou-se o teste estatístico do T-Student...

Background: Morbid obesity is a chronic disease associated to severe medical complications, causing adverse effects on longevity as well as physical, emotional, social and economical consequences. Both clinical and experimental research have been addressing the surgical treatment. Gastroplasties and gastric bypasses have been developed, resulting in a relatively large gastric pouch where, in some techniques, is totally excluded from gastrointestinal transit. The possible alterations of that segment, transformed into an appendix of the digestory system, represents an interesting research area. Our aim was to evaluate the weight and the alterations of seric gastrin in rats after abdominal truncal vagotomy with exclusion of gastric pouch and duodenum. Methods: Thirty male adult Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus), out of one hundred, submitted to total gastric exclusion, with an average weight of 378.67 g, could be used in ourresearch. The study was complemented by the measurement of seric gastrin using radioimmunoassay I125 double antibody gastrin. Results: The weight of all studied rats decreased in average 92,83g (from 378,67g to 285,83g) which stands for a reduction of 24,52%. There were significant differences between the initial and final weights (p<0,001). Serum gastrin has also decreased in 21 out of the 30 operated rats from 59,68pg/ml to 46,77 pg/ml, corresponding to a decrease of 12,91pg (19,73%) between the two means (p<0,001). Statistical analysis was supposed to evaluate whether there was any decrease in the means of the following variables: weight and gastrin, measured before and after the surgical procedure. The T-Student statistical test was applied to evaluate such differences. Conclusions: There was a significant decrease of weight and serum gastrin after total gastric exclusion.

[Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum]. / Adenocarcinoma primário do duodeno.

PURPOSE: To revise literature data about adenocarcinoma of the duodenum comparing to our results. METHODS: Six patients with this kind of cancer, excluding periampullary lesions, were treated from 1991 to 1999 in the Department of Surgery, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School. Five of them were males in theirs fifties. The commonest signs and symptoms were those of gastrointestinal obstruction and weight loss. All patients were evaluated by duodenoscopy. Ultrasonography and CT scans played an important role with regard to preoperative staging. Three patients underwent a segmental resection and the others were submitted to a palliative duodenal bypass. RESULTS: Post-operative hospitalization varied from 5 to 9 days (7,3 days average). The operative mortality was 16.6% (one patient). Patients were not submitted to chemo or radiotherapy. Follow-up has been done. Patients with curative resection were free from recurrence. Two patients submitted to palliative operations were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Rarity of duodenum carcinomas and few patients in the literature did not permit conclusions.

Adenocarcinoma primário do duodeno / Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura especializada a respeito dos adenocarcinomas duodenais primários e comparar os dados com os aspectos observados nesta casuística. MÉTODOS: Seis doentes com esta neoplasia, excluídas as lesöes peri-ampulares, foram operados na Area de Estômago e Duodeno do Departamento de Cirurgia da Santa Casa de Säo Paulo, entre 1991 e 1999. Houve predominância do tumor no sexo masculino e na 6ª década de vida. Os sinais e sintomas mais freqüentes foram o emagrecimento (83,3 por cento) e a obstruçäo intestinal crônica (66,6 por cento), com média de duraçäo de seis meses. A gastroduodenoscopia fez o diagnóstico, posteriormente confirmado pela histologia. Utilizamos a tomografia computadorizada e a ultra-sonografia para determinar o estádio da doença. Em três pacientes com lesäo restrita à parede do órgäo, praticou-se a ressecçäo duodenal segmentar curativa, e nos outros três, a derivaçäo duodenal paliativa, pois o tumor infiltrava órgäos adjacentes. RESULTADOS: O tempo de internaçäo pós-operatória variou de 5 a 9 dias, com média de 7,3 dias. A mortalidade operatória foi 16,6 por cento (um doente). Näo indicamos tratamento complementar com quimio ou radioterapia. O acompanhamento ambulatorial vem ocorrendo em períodos que variam de 15 a 20 meses. Os três pacientes submetidos à ressecçäo cirúrgica curativa estäo sem evidências de recidiva até o 15º, 16º e 18º mês de pós-operatório. Houve seguimento de um e três meses nos dois pacientes submetidos a cirurgias paliativas, depois do que se perderam. CONCLUSÄO: O pequeno número de casos relatados näo permitiu conclusöes mais consistentes a respeito dos adenocarcinomas duodenais

Eficácia da solução reveladora de linfonodos em peças de gastrectomia com linfadenectomia por adenocarcinoma gástrico / Efficacy of lymph nodes revealing solution in gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy specimens from gastric carcinoma

Com o intuito de identificar um número maior de linfonodos nas peças cirúrgicas de gastrectomia com linfadenectomia por adenocarcinoma gástrico, utilizamos a solução reveladora de linfonodos (SRL), após a retirada dos linfonodos identificados pelo método tradicional de visualização e palpação, em 13 doentes. Encontramos 222 nódulos linfáticos (17,1 por doente) pela maneira habitual e, depois, aplicando a SRL, retiramos mais 123, ou seja, 9,5 (55,5%) de linfonodos a mais por doente. A histologia mostrou 39 linfonodos com invasão neoplásica entre os encontrados com o método tradicional e oito com a SRL. O diâmetro dos nódulos identificados com a SRL foi menor que o dos detectados com o outro método. O estádio da doença não se modificou apósa análise dos linfonodos encontrados com a SRL. Concluímos, pela análise estatística dos dados, que a SRL éeficaz para identificar linfonodos não detectados pelo método tradicional.

In spite of it’s decreasing incidence in the last years, gastric cancer remains the most frequent cause of death by malignant. Prognosis depends on gastric wall tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Small lymph nodes (less than 1 mm) are rarely identified, and, disease status and prognosis could change if some are metastatic. To identify lymph nodes in gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy specimens from gastric cancer, we have used a lymph node revealing solution (LNRS) after having taken the visible and palpable lympg nodes off. We have found 222 nodes with this technique (17.1 per patient) and more 123 nodes with LNRS (9.5 per patient), 55.5% additional nodes. Biopsies have shown 39 metastatic nodes revealed by the traditional method and eight with LNRS. Statistics showed that LNRS was effective in lymph nodes detection. LNRS revealed nodes were smaller. Disease status did not change after addiction of LNRS detected nodes. We concluded LNRS was effective in lymph nodes searching from the studied specimens.

Coleperitônio após colecistectomia convencional tratado por via laparoscópica / Post-conventional cholecystectomy biliar peritonitis treated by videolaparoscopy

Videolaparoscopy is the estabilished treatment for chronic or acute cholecystitis, with low complications rates. Among operative complications, biliar peritonitis, biliar fistula and common bile duct injuries despite rare, can be difficult to treat. The autors present the results of videolaparoscopic treatment of choleperitoneum in four patients submitted previously to a conventional cholecystectomy. Among operative complications, biliar peritonites, biliary fistula and common bile duct injuries. No complications related to laparoscopic procedure were observed

Carcinoma gástrico em pacientes com menos de 40 anos de idade / Gastric carcinoma in patients younger than 40 years old

Foram revisados 25 casos de carcinoma gástrico em doentes com menos de 40 anos de idade tratados no Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Säo Paulo, no período de 1984 a junho de 1994. Analisamos 18 destes doentes. Eles compreenderam 4,15 por cento de 601 casos de neoplasias gástricas tratados neste período, com predomínio do sexo feminino, na proporçäo de 1,7:l. A média de idade foi de 31,1 anos, variando de 21 a 39 anos. O tempo entre o início dos sintomas e o diagnóstico foi, em média, de 6,2 meses, e 55,5 por cento dos doentes receberam tratamento com bloqueadores H2 e antiácidos antes de realizarem estudo endoscópico. A localizaçäo mais frequente foi o terço distal do estômago (44,4 por cento). A ressecabilidade dos tumores foi de 66,6 por cento, sendo a gastrectomia distal a cirurgia mais realizada. Usando a classificaçäo de Lauren, predominou o tipo difuso (66,6 por cento). Houve predomínio de lesöes avançadas estando associadas a um pior prognóstico

Laparoscopia diagnóstica no doente de alto risco / Diagnostic laparoscopy in critically ill patients

A avaliaçäo do abdome em doentes de alto risco com doenças clínicas e/ ou cirúrgicas apresenta muitas vezes grande dificuldade. Este trabalho analisa o uso da laparoscopia como método diagnóstico de afecçöes abdominais agudas nos doentes de alto risco. Foram analisados 28 doentes portadores de abdome agudo avaliados pelo Serviço de Emergência do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Cadsa de Säo Paulo, entre agosto de 1991 e maio de 1993. A faixa etária variou de 21 a 92 anos, com média de 61 anos. Os doentes foram classificados pelo sistema Apache II e pelo índice ASA. O achado laparoscópico foi positivo(presença de afecçäo) em 19 doentes (68 por cento) e normal em nove (32 por cento). Em três doentes o exame teve caráter terapêutico. Os índices de sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 100 por cento