Perioperative, Oncological, and Functional Outcomes Between Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy and Open Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Limited high-quality studies have compared robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) vs open retropubic radical prostatectomy. We sought to compare their postoperative outcomes in a randomized setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single center, 354 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were assessed for eligibility; 342 were randomized (1:1). The primary outcome was 90-day complication rates. Functional outcomes and quality of life were assessed over 18 months, and oncological outcomes, biochemical recurrence-free survival, and additional treatment over 36 months. RESULTS: From 2014 to 18, 327 patients underwent surgery (retropubic radical prostatectomy = 156, RALP = 171). Complications occurred in 27 (17.3%) vs 19 (11.1%; P = .107). Patients undergoing RALP experienced lower median bleeding (250.0 vs 719.5 mL; P < .001) and shorter hospitalization time. Urinary EPIC (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite) median scores were better for RALP over 18 months, with higher continence rate at 3 months (80.5% vs 64.7%; P = .002), 6 months (90.1% vs 81.6%; P = .036) and 18 months (95.4% vs 78.8%; P < .001). Sexual EPIC and Sexual Health Inventory for Men median scores were higher with RALP up to 12 months, while the potency rate was superior at 3 months (23.9% vs 5.3%; P = .001) and 6 months (30.6% vs 6.9%; P < .001). Quality of life over the 18 months and oncological outcomes over 36 months were not significantly different between arms. CONCLUSIONS: Complications at 90 days were similar. RALP showed superior sexual outcomes at 1 year, improved urinary outcomes at 18 months, and comparable oncological outcomes at 36 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospective Analysis of Robot-Assisted Surgery; NCT02292914. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02292914?cond=NCT02292914&draw=2&rank=1.

Robot-assisted endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy: A review of current outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of robot-assisted endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (RAIL) in the management of penile cancer. METHODS: A PubMed search for all relevant publications regarding RAIL series up until August 2019 was performed using the keyword "robotic", "inguinal lymph node dissection", and "penile cancer". Weighted mean was calculated in the largest series for all outcomes using the number of patients included in each study as the weighting factor. RESULTS: We identified 23 articles, of note the three largest series that included 102, 27, and 20 RAIL in 51, 14, and 10 patients, respectively. Saphenous vein was spared in 88.93% of RAIL cases in these series and node yield was 11.42 per groin; 35.28% of patients had positive pathological nodes. The weighted mean of operative time was 87.98 min per RAIL and the estimated blood loss was 37.08 mL per patient. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.29 days and the drain was kept in place for 17.02 days; the major complication rate was only 5.31% in these series. The mean follow-up was 33.46 months with a recurrence-free survival of 96.33%. CONCLUSION: The literature regarding RAIL describes promising results, although it has shorter follow-up and higher costs when compared to historically series from the open approach. Initials series reported lower cutaneous complications compared to conventional approach, without compromising oncological outcomes. However, long-term results and larger trials are crucial to validate those findings.

Perfil dos pacientes submetidos à pieloplastia no Hospital Infantil Joana deGusmão de 1990 à 2009, um estudo comparativo entre duas décadas / Profile of patients submitted to pyeloplasty in Joana de Gusmão Children?s Hospital from 1990 to 2009, a comparative study of two decades

Objetivo: analisar e comparar o perfil dos pacientessubmetidos à pieloplastia no Hospital Infantil Joana deGusmão durante as décadas de 1990 e 2000. Métodos:observacional, transversal, retrospectivo e comparativode 138 pacientes submetidos à pieloplastia, nesse hospital,entre duas décadas. Resultados: em concordânciacom a literatura, houve predomínio, em ambas as décadas,de pieloplastias no sexo masculino, na unidade renalesquerda e em hidronefroses de grau 4. Observou-seaumento na mediana da idade cirúrgica de 15,7 mesesentre as décadas, o que possivelmente reflete o aprimoramentodos métodos de imagem ao longo dos anos,permitindo, em muitos casos, observações seriadas emdetrimento da indicação precoce de cirurgia. Na primeiradécada a principal forma do diagnóstico foi através damanifestação dos sintomas (45,9%), enquanto que nadécada seguinte houve equivalência nos diagnósticospré e pós-natal (42,9%). A principal via de acesso, emambas as décadas, foi a lombotomia posterior devido àsua facilidade técnica. No entanto, houve aumento significativo(p=0,01) na indicação do acesso abdominalanterior na segunda, o que pode ser justificado pela evoluçãodos métodos de imagem pré-cirúrgicos com umdirecionamento mais preciso, realizado principalmentesobre hidronefroses volumosas. Finalmente, durantetodo o período, foi observado predomínio das AnomaliasCongênitas dos Rins e das Vias Urinárias, o que sejustifica atentar para a possibilidade dessas associações.Conclusão: houve aumento, entre as décadas, no númerode diagnósticos de hidronefroses pré-natais, na medianada idade cirúrgica e foi estatisticamente significativo omaior uso da via de acesso anterior na segunda década.

Objective: to analyze and compare the profile of patientssubmitted to pyeloplasty in Joana de GusmãoChildren?s Hospital during the decades of 1990 and 2000.Methods: observational, cross-sectional, retrospectiveand comparative study of 138 patients submitted to pyeloplastyin this hospital between two decades. Results:according to the literature, pyeloplasties predominated, inboth decades, in males, in the left renal unit and in grade 4hydronephrosis. There was an increase in the median ageat surgery of 15.7 months between the decades, whichpossibly reflects the improvement of imaging techniquesalong the years, allowing in many cases, serials observationsinstead of the early indication for surgery. In the firstdecade the main way of diagnosis was through the manifestationof symptoms (45.9%), while in the next decadethere was equivalence of diagnostic pre and post-natal(42.9%). The main surgical access, in both decades, wasthe lombotomia posterior due to its technical simplicity.However, there was a significant increase (p = 0.01) in theindication of the anterior abdominal access in the seconddecade, which can be explained by the evolution of methodsof preoperative imaging with a better direction, performedmainly on massive hydronephrosis. Finally, duringthe whole period, it was observed predominance of theCongenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract,which justifies paying attention to the possibility of theseassociations in these patients. Conclusion: there was anincrease, between the decades, in the number of diagnosesof prenatal hydronephrosis, median age at surgery andit was statistically significant the greater use of the anteriorabdominal access in the second decade.