Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing the determinants that predict household recycling (ReDom Questionnaire).

The growing tendency towards 'urbanization' is promoting an increase in resource consumption and waste generation, which requires proper waste separation management with active participation of the population. To this end, it is essential to know the personal modifiable factors that predict recycling. The primary aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish language questionnaire designed to measure determinants of household waste separation for recycling purposes (ReDom Questionnaire). A cross-cultural adaptation, translation and psychometric evaluation was undertaken of an extant questionnaire originally developed in Swedish, and the resultant Spanish questionnaire was then subjected to reliability and validity testing. The questionnaire was developed using survey data from 759 respondents and 33 participants performed the retest to assess reliability. The resultant 'ReDom Questionnaire' is composed of three factors that draw on relevant elements of the COM-B framework: motivation (seven items), physical opportunity (three items) and social opportunity (three items). The accuracy of the scores is adequate both in terms of internal consistency (factorial weights >0.60; comparative fit index = 0.994; root mean square error of approximation = 0.049; root mean square residual (RMSR) = 0.053) and reliability (Pearson correlation >0.65; Cronbach's alpha >0.75). In conclusion, the Spanish ReDom Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties and appears useful for assessing the determinants of household waste separation.

The "Breast-4Y" web app for breast cancer prevention at young age: Development, evaluation, and validation.

Background: Improving knowledge of risk factors, signs and symptoms positively influence an individual's intention to acquire healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent breast cancer, to identify breast cancer risk early and seek health advice early. The aim of the present study was to develop and to assess the usability and quality of a web-app (Breast-4Y) designed specifically for younger women to improve their knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms as well as protective behaviors to reduce their risk. Methods: The development of the Breast-4Y web-app, based on Health Belief Model and the Behaviour Change Wheel, comprised four steps: i) analysis of scientific literature regarding breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and preventive lifestyle behaviors; ii) design of web-app; iii) content review by experts; iv) quality and usability assessment by the end-users (n = 20). Web-app usability was evaluated using the Spanish version of the System Usability Scale for the Assessment of Electronic Tools and the quality using the Spanish version of uMARS. Results: The contents were rated 4.25 or above, indicating high content quality. The mean usability score was 84.9 (SD 12.4), the mean rating for objective quality and subjective quality dimensions mean were 4.2 (SD 0.4) and 3.4 (0.777) respectively, indicating excellent usability and quality. Positive associations (p < .05) were observed between numbers of app used and attitudes to change (r = 0.479), and intention to change (r = 0.539). Strong positive associations (p < .001) were also observed between usability satisfaction and attitudes to change (r = 0.584), intention to change (r = 0.656), and help-seeking (r = 0.656). Conclusions: This study provided evidence that Breast-4Y has adequate contents, high quality, and usability. Breast-4Y can be tested in pragmatic trials to assess their effectiveness to reduce the risk of breast cancer, raise women's awareness of breast cancer risk factors, increase women's knowledge of breast cancer symptoms, and adopt protective lifestyle behaviors.

Exploring the stabilizing effect on the i-motif of neighboring structural motifs and drugs.

Cytosine-rich DNA sequences may fold into a structure known as i-motif, with potential in vivo modulation of gene expression. The stability of the i-motif is residual at neutral pH values. To increase it, the addition of neighboring moieties, such as Watson-Crick stabilized loops, tetrads, or non-canonical base pairs have been proposed. Taking a recently described i-motif structure as a model, the relative effect of these structural moieties, as well as several DNA ligands, on the stabilization of the i-motif has been studied. To this end, not only the original sequence but different mutants were considered. Spectroscopic techniques, PAGE, and multivariate data analysis methods have been used to model the folding/unfolding equilibria induced by changes of pH, temperature, and the presence of ligands. The results have shown that the duplex is the moiety that is responsible of the stabilization of the i-motif structure at neutral pH. The T:T base pair, on the contrary, shows little stabilization of the i-motif. From several selected DNA-binding ligands, the G-quadruplex ligand BA41 is shown to interact with the duplex moiety, whereas non-specific interaction and little stabilization has been observed within the i-motif.

Nutritional content and quality of processed foods and beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain.

The advertisement of food and beverages on television and social media has been widely assessed, evidencing its powerful influence on children's dietary patterns and the development of childhood obesity. However, there is a gap in the evidence about advertisements near schools. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the nutritional quality and information of processed foods and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed from September to December 2021 in the cities of Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). The nutritional quality and information of processed foods or beverages advertised within a 500 m radius of schools were assessed. The Nutri-Score system was used for the classification of the nutritional quality of products and nutritional information, calories, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt in 100 g or ml of each product was calculated. A total of 73.5% of the products were classified as "foods to eat less often and in small amounts," and 22.6% and 46.3% were classified as D or E, respectively, according to the Nutri-Score system. Finally, 57.5%, 56.4% and 78.5% of the products showed a medium to high content of fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. In conclusion, the food and drink advertisements surrounding schools in the assessed cities promote many products of low nutritional value, rich in fat, saturated fat and sugars, which have high obesogenic potential.

Evaluation of Water Intake in Spanish Adolescent Soccer Players during a Competition.

An optimal state of hydration is essential to maintaining health. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the water intake of adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their hydration level during an official soccer match. Three hundred and six players participated in the study (N = 306). Their water intake was recorded and the level of hydration was evaluated using the density of urine as an indicator. Weight measurements were made before and after the match. Water intake control, urine collection and analysis, and the recording of minutes played were carried out after the match. The average weight loss was 746.2 g (SD: 474.07; p < 0.001), with 36.5% with less than 1% loss and 23.3% with more than 2% loss. The mean volume of water ingested was 229.35 ml (SD: 211.11) and a significant correlation was observed between minutes of activity (ρ-value = 0.206; p < 0.001), environmental humidity (ρ-value = - 0.281; p < 0.001), and temperature (ρ-value = 0.200; p < 0.001). The sweat rate was 0.69 l/h (SD: 0.56) and it was significantly associated with playing time (ρ-value = -0.276; p < 0.001). The mean urine density was 1.019 (SD: 0.007), with 64.9% of youth athletes showing dehydration (≥ 1.020). An association was observed between dehydration and activity time (U- value = 4.124; p < 0.001). Approximately 10% of the participants stated that they had not drunk any water during the match. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish individual hydration guidelines based on personal, environmental and activity-related factors, as well as establish a minimum volume of fluids to consume.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is a common late and chronic adverse effect of breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanish version with Spanish-speaking breast cancer patients. METHOD: 286 patients were recruited (2018 to 2020), from the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Data analysis included descriptive statistics; internal consistency and test-retest reliability; principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis; average variance extracted; and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: No semantic modifications to items were needed. The scores of the instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach´s alpha = .95-.97; McDonald´s omega = .96-.98) and test-retest reliability (r = .78-.87, n = 29). A significant difference was observed between the lymphedema group and non-lymphedema group (p < .001) in terms of total scale, symptom occurrence (p < .001), symptom distress in the physical-functional (p < .001), and psychosocial dimension (p < .001). Principal component analysis for symptom occurrence revealed a unidimensional factor and two factors were identified for symptom distress via exploratory factor analysis, the two of which explained 45.71% and 54.77% of the total sample variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided initial evidence to support the psychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanish version.

Microperimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography Changes in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to measure and correlate inner retinal layer (IRL) thickness and macular sensitivity by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and by microperimetry, respectively, in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (DM1) without diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: Fifty-one DM1 patients and 81 age-matched healthy subjects underwent measurement of the axial length (AL), retinal thickness in the macular ETDRS areas by swept source (SS)-OCT and macular sensitivity by microperimeter. RESULTS: The total retinal and IRL thicknesses were thicker in the DM1 group (p < 0.05) in practically all ETDRS areas, and they had a generalized decrease in sensitivity (p < 0.05) in 9 areas between both groups. There was a significant negative correlation between retinal sensitivity and age in all areas and in visual acuity (VA) in 5 out of the 9 areas for DM1 patients. Only a mild negative correlation was observed between retinal sensitivity in the 5° nasal inner (5NI) area and in IRL thickness in the temporal inner (TI) area (-0.309 with p = 0.029) in the DM1 group. CONCLUSION: Aging and disease evolution in DM1 patients without DR signs generate a decrease in retinal sensitivity. There was a direct relationship between retinal sensitivity and macular thickness in the DM1 group.

Obstetric Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women.

Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms.

Polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride transobturator slings for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: 1-Year outcomes from a multicentre randomized trial.

AIMS: To compare the effectiveness and safety of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transobturator tapes (TOT) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: This is a multicentre randomized trial. Women with SUI or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence and scheduled for a TOT procedure were randomized to PP or PVDF slings. The primary outcome was 1-year cure or improvement rate using composite criteria. Complications were also compared. Relationships with outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions models. RESULTS: From April 2016 to January 2018 285 participants were randomized. PP and PVDF slings showed similar high cure or improvement rate (91.0% vs. 95.6%, p = .138). Improvement in validated questionnaires was also similar. PVDF slings were associated with a lower rate of de novo urgency incontinence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval = 0.15-0.80). We found no statistical differences in complications rates, although a higher incidence of long-term pain events were observed in the PP group. The study is underpowered to find differences in specific complications owing to the low number of events. CONCLUSION: PP and PVDF TOTs are equally effective, although PVDF is associated with fewer cases of de novo urgency incontinence. Further studies are needed to give robust conclusions on safety profiles.

Marcadores angiográficos negativos en la intervención coronaria percutánea de las oclusiones totales crónicas / Negative angiographic markers in percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions

Resumen Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar variables angiográficas predictivas negativas y la presencia de la rama lateral en la proximidad de la capa distal de la oclusión en el resultado de la intervención coronaria percutánea de las oclusiones totales crónicas. Método: Las variables angiográficas potencialmente negativas fueron evaluadas retrospectivamente en 156 oclusiones totales crónicas sometidas a intervención coronaria percutánea. Se utilizó regresión logística binaria con una finalidad predictiva para identificar un modelo de variables que en su conjunto puedan predecir satisfactoriamente el resultado negativo de la intervención. Resultados: Las variables asociadas de forma independiente al fracaso de procedimiento fueron la enfermedad multivaso (odds ratio = 5,12; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,94-13,5; P = 0.001), la presencia de muñón ambiguo (odds ratio = 5,08; IC intervalo de confianza del 95%, 2,22- 11,63; P < 0.001), longitud de la oclusión ≥20 mm (odds ratio = 3,7; IC intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,37-9,97; P = 0.01) y la localización ostial de la oclusión (odds ratio = 6,53; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,67-25,63; P = 0.007). La rama lateral en la proximidad de la capa distal no permaneció en el modelo predictivo. Conclusión: La enfermedad multivaso, muñón ambiguo, una longitud ≥20 mm y la localización ostial son factores independientes y predictivos de un resultado desfavorable de la angioplastia. La rama lateral en la capa distal de la oclusión no se asoció al fracaso de la intervención. © 2017 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify negative angiographic predictive variables and the presence of a side branch close to the distal cap of the occlusion in the chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention outcome. Methods: Potential negative angiographic variables were retrospectively evaluated in 156 chronic total occlusions that had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention. Binary logistic regression with predictive purpose was used to identify a model of variables which, all in all, could successfully predict a negative intervention result. Results: Variables independently associated with the procedural failure were multivessel disease (odds ratio = 5.12; 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.94-13.5; P = .001), ambiguous stump presence (odds ratio = 5.08; 95% CI; 2.22-11.63 P < .001), occlusion length ≥20 mm (odds ratio = 3.7; 95% CI; 1.37-9.97 P = .01), and ostial location (odds ratio = 6.53; 95% CI; 1.67-25.63; P = .007). Side branch at distal cap proximity did not remain in the predictive model. Conclusions: Multivessel disease, ambiguous stump, a length ≥20 mm, and an ostial location of a chronic total occlusion are independent predictive factors of an unfavourable angioplasty result. A side branch at occlusion distal cap was not associated with the procedural failure. © 2017 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

[Negative angiographic markers in percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions]. / Marcadores angiográficos negativos en la intervención coronaria percutánea de las oclusiones totales crónicas.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify negative angiographic predictive variables and the presence of a side branch close to the distal cap of the occlusion in the chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention outcome. METHODS: Potential negative angiographic variables were retrospectively evaluated in 156 chronic total occlusions that had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention. Binary logistic regression with predictive purpose was used to identify a model of variables which, all in all, could successfully predict a negative intervention result. RESULTS: Variables independently associated with the procedural failure were multivessel disease (odds ratio=5.12; 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.94-13.5; P=.001), ambiguous stump presence (odds ratio=5.08; 95% CI; 2.22-11.63 P<.001), occlusion length ≥20mm (odds ratio=3.7; 95% CI; 1.37-9.97 P=.01), and ostial location (odds ratio=6.53; 95% CI; 1.67-25.63; P=.007). Side branch at distal cap proximity did not remain in the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: Multivessel disease, ambiguous stump, a length ≥20mm, and an ostial location of a chronic total occlusion are independent predictive factors of an unfavourable angioplasty result. A side branch at occlusion distal cap was not associated with the procedural failure.

Embolization of a septal branch perforation using subcutaneous fat during a percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion by retrograde approach.

We describe a case of septal branch perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention of a right coronary artery chronic total occlusion. The septal branch perforation was treated with administration of autologous fat into the septal branch with significant reduction of extravasation. This treatment was followed by prolonged balloon inflation at the exit point of the septal branch in the donor artery which definitively sealed the perforation.

Efecto de la leche en la hidratación y recuperación posterior al ejercicio / EFFECT OF MILK IN HYDRATION AND RECOVERY AFTER EXERCISE

La recuperación posterior a la actividad física envuelve principalmente la hidratación y la reparación muscular. La alimentación tiene un rol fundamental en este proceso. Es por esto que deben seleccionarse las mejores alternativas nutricionales. Dado el contenido nutricional de la leche, los investigadores han evaluado su efecto en la hidratación y recuperación posterior al ejercicio. Los estudios evaluados en esta revisión fueron llevados a cabo en jóvenes y adultos atletas recreacionales realizando pruebas deportivas estáticas con ergómetros y cintas para andar. Los resultados indican un efecto superior en la hidratación y recuperación luego de la actividad física comparado con otras bebidas deportivas. Cabe destacar que la leche ofrece una diversidad de nutrientes por lo que se recomienda sobre otras bebidas. No obstante, se debe continuar su estudio para determinar cantidades adecuadas a consumir y un mecanismo de acción estructurado.

Interactions in developmental toxicology: concurrent exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and stress in pregnant mice.

The maternal and developmental toxicity of combined exposure to restraint stress and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was assessed in mice. On gestation Days 6-18, four groups of plug-positive female mice were orally exposed to PFOS at 0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day. Four additional groups of plug-positive animals received the same PFOS doses being restrained during 30 min three times per day. A control group was also included. Cesarean sections were performed on Day 18 of gestation and fetuses were weighed and examined for external, internal and skeletal malformations and variations. Before sacrifice of the dams, blood was collected and serum samples were prepared for thyroid hormones (total and free T3 and T4) and corticosterone analyses. The results of the present study show that both PFOS and restraint stress induced maternal toxicity. In turn, PFOS-induced fetal toxicity was evidenced by increased prenatal mortality. The only effect of restraint on fetal toxicity was a reduction on body weight and an increased prenatal mortality in fetuses concurrently exposed to 1.5 mg/kg of PFOS and restraint. PFOS-induced adverse effects on maternal and fetal toxicity in mice were observed at lower doses than those previously reported.