To what extent is oral and maxillofacial surgery educational content posted on Instagram?

Hashtags on Instagram help users globally search for posts to their liking. This study aimed to determine who posts the most popular oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) hashtags on Instagram and to evaluate the impact of educational content. The posts were analyzed for the type of post and differences between content creators when posting OMS-related content. This cross-sectional study evaluated OMS content categorized by 36 hashtags. The top 9 posts with each hashtag were evaluated based on the type of content creator, if it was a video or picture, and if it was educational or for marketing purposes. 6 million posts existed among 36 hashtags. Regarding the categories of person/organization posting the content (US or non-US oral and maxillofacial surgeon, residency program, patient, and 'other'), the top posts (N = 295) were posted by 'other' and the least by 'residency program'. Among the posts by non-US oral and maxillofacial surgeons, there was 3.8-fold more marketing content, while among the posts by US oral and maxillofacial surgeons, there was 2-fold more educational content. Educational posts achieved the highest engagement in terms of 'likes'. This study highlights how oral and maxillofacial surgeons can educate the general population and expand their reach.

Epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in domestic dogs in an endemic zone of western Venezuela.

Domestic dogs are not only reservoir hosts of the American zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) but of the American zoonotic tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) as well, for different reasons. However it is still controversial to state that dogs are incriminated as ATL reservoir hosts as there is evidence that humans and dogs are likely to be exposed in the same way to sandfly vector. In Venezuela this issue has not been completely addressed, for this reason we selected a location inside Trujillo city to study eco-epidemiological conditions as well as to survey a significant sample of dogs by Montenegro Skin Test (MST). Antigen was prepared according to standard procedure using Leishmania (V) braziliensis promastigotes (80 microg/ml); response was read 48 hours post-inoculation with an induration size > 5 mm being considered as positive. The study place is an endemic mountainous semi-urban area located at 850-950 masl with an average rainfall of 150 mm/year. We evaluated 61 dogs in 46 houses with 168 human beings. Among the human population 27 cases of ATL were reported (16.1%). With the MST we found 19 positive-reaction dogs (31%) (mean MST size of 9.58 mm, 95% CI: 8.41-10.75) in 13 houses (28%). Multivariate analysis did not reveal significant association between domestic MST positive-dog ownership and human ATL cases (RR = 1.48, p = 0.28). Although some studies have indicated that dog ownership and dog infection rates are associated with an increased risk of human disease in different evaluated places, this question has not been completely answered in Venezuelan studied zones, further research is necessary.

Clínica gastrointestinal y su asociación con la severidad en Dengue / Association between clinical gastrointestinal with severe severity in dengue

Objetivo: establecer el grado de asociación existente entre la clínica gastrointestinal de los pacientes con dengue y la severidad de la enfermedad. Diseño: observacional analítico de corte transversal. Población y métodos: pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de dengue clásico (DC) y dengue hemorrágico (DH), en las instituciones de salud del departamento de Santander durante 1994 - 1998. Inicialmente se consideraron casos los pacientes con DH y controles aquellos con DC; luego, se definieron como casos los pacientes con DH más hipotensión, edemas o derrames serosos (Dengue Hemorrágico Severo) y controles a aquellos con DH sin los anteriores signos evaluados fueron: vómito, dolor abdominal, hemátemesis, hepatomegalia mediante una análisis estadístico univariado, bivariado y de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: en total se incluyeron 1.132 pacientes, 487 con DC y 645 con DH. Todos los signos gastrointestinales evaluados se encontraron asociados con DH: vómito (OR=1.52; IC95 por ciento=1.11-2.07) dolor abdominal (OR=1-77; IC95 por ciento=1.19-2.63) hepatomegalia (OR=2.35; IC95 por ciento=1.55-3.59), y hematemesis (OR=3.93; IC95 por ciento=2.41-6.39); (p < 0.05). En el análisis multivariado para DH Severo, sólo hubo asociación con dolor abdominal. Los demás síntomas no se asociaron con una forma más grave de la enfermedad. conclusión: en el presente estudio se demuestra que síntomas y signos gastrointestinales se asocian con la severidad del dengue y que su presencia debe alertar al clínico acerca de un eventual deterioro de las condiciones clínicas del paciente