RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to analyze the mortality trend in indigenous peoples in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: The study design used is an ecological study. METHODS: A study carried out with data from the indigenous deaths recorded on the Mortality Information System in Brazil between 2000 and 2016. The Prais Winsten regression was used to analyze the trend of overall mortality in the country and in its geopolitical regions, in addition to the trend by sex, age groups, and groups of basic causes of death. RESULTS: Of all deaths, 47,806 indigenous deaths were recorded between 2000 and 2016. The majority was male (56.5%) and 27.2% in children aged younger than 5 years. The major groups of causes of death were the circulatory diseases (15.8%) and external causes (14.9%). The affections of the perinatal period (23.7%) and infectious and parasitic diseases (18.5%) were the main causes in children aged younger than 5 years. The indigenous mortality rates showed an increasing trend in the country (annual percent change [APC] = 2.37%). There was growth in both sexes and in most age ranges. Mortality from external causes (APC = 4.71%), neoplasms (APC = 4.67%), and respiratory causes (APC = 4.14%) also presented growth. The infectious and parasitic causes and genitourinary causes showed a stable trend in the studied period. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing trend of mortality in the analyzed variables showed disparities between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in Brazil, pointing to the need for greater investment in basic social sectors, such as health, education, housing, and sanitation.