Cell-Free DNA Plasma Levels Differ in Age-Specific Pattern in Healthy Rats and Castrates with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

The purpose of this work was to study changes in the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of young and old rats in the normal state and with induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups-young (3 months), old (20 months), intact, or with testosterone-induced BPH. Groups with BPH were subjected to surgical castration and administration of testosterone esters at a dose of 25 mg/kg for a total of 7 injections for 20 days. In intact animals, the level of cfDNA in old rats (2.00 ± 0.14 ng/µl) was significantly higher than that in the young (1.02 ± 0.30 ng/µl). The body and the prostate weights of old rats were 1.6 and 1.4 times larger than those of the young, without an increase in the prostate index (PI). The testosterone level in the blood of young rats was 1.6 times higher than that of old (6.20 ± 0.93 nmol/l vs. 3.77 ± 0.55 nmol/l; NS). In animals with BPH, the level of cfDNA in old rats (3.14 ± 0.76 ng/µl) was significantly higher than that in young rats (0.80 ± 0.14 ng/µl). The body and the prostate weights in old rats were 1.8 and 2.3 times larger, than those in young rats, with an increase in the PI. The level of testosterone in the blood of young (15.76 ± 0.51 nmol/l) and old (16.99 ± 1.1 nmol/l) rats was not significantly different. Morphological signs of BPH were observed in the prostate of both young and old rats. During the induction of BPH in the experiment, according to the level of cfDNA, cell death processes have not changed significantly in young rats but significantly increased in old rats. A similar trend was observed in the group of intact animals. The obtained data indicate that apoptosis processes are enhanced during the development of BPH despite the growth of tissues in the prostate itself.

[The formation of bio-films by opportunistic microorganisms isolated from patients with rheumatic diseases].

The study was carried out concerning capability of 194 strains of opportunistic microorganisms to form bio-films. It is established that bacteria ecizing organism of patients with rheumatic diseases have capacity to form microbial bio-films. The formation of bio-films is manifested with the same rate as in agents of inflammatory processes. At that, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and bacteria of genus Proteus isolated under rheumatic diseases have significantly higher capability to form biofilms that matters for development of comorbide infections.

[Adhesive properties of microorganisms colonizing rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients].

AIM: Evaluation of adhesive properties of microorganisms colonizing rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nose mucosa and urinal microflora from 62 rheumatoid patients (32--rheumatoid arthritis and 30--systemic lupus erythematosus patients) was studied. 57 opportunistic microorganisms were isolated: including representatives of Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Morganella, Enterobactergenera. Adhesive properties on erythrocyte model of microorganisms isolated in patients with rheumatoid disease, museum cultures and clinical strains were analyzed by using standard technique. RESULTS: Bacteria isolated in rheumatoid disease patients were characterized by pronounced adhesive potential. Bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family have shown significantly higher adhesive properties. Heterogeneity of adhesive properties levels, and genera and species adhesive potential of bacteria was determined. CONCLUSION: Microorganisms colonizing rheumatoid disease patients have a high adhesive potential that can increase the risk of patient infections.

[Antibacterial antibodies in human immunoglobulins and sera: past and present].

AIM: To measure levels of several types of antibacterial antibodies in preparations of normal human immunoglobulin as well as in samples of donor sera obtained in 1965 and 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five batches of human normal immunoglobulin manufactured in 1965 and five batches manufactured in 2009 as well as 77 and 28 blood serum samples respectively were tested by agglutination assay for the presence of antibodies to enterobacteria, Brucella species, tularemia agent, Rickettsia burnetii, Rickettsia prowazekii, and several species of opportunistic bacteria. RESULTS: Higher antibody titers to Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A and B, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei were revealed in immunoglobulin preparations and donor sera obtained in 1965 compared to that obtained in 2009. There was no difference in antibody titers to Shigella boydii, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli O-55, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens and E. coli. Antibodies to Brucella species, tularemia agent, R. burnetii, R. prowazekii were not detected in normal human immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION: Decrease of antibody levels to several pathogenic enterobacteria in human immunoglobulin preparations as well as in sera of donors for 40 years could be linked with decrease of number of immunized persons, changes in circulation of pathogenic bacteria, decrease of rate of asymptomatic infections. Stability of antibody titers to opportunistic bacteria is a rationale to use them for assessment of humoral immunity function.

[Influence of immunodepressors on population level and adhesive characteristics of opportunistic bacteria in large intestine of white mice].

AIM: To assess the effects of cyclophosphamide (CP), methotrexate (MT), and prednisolone (PS) on the levels of staphylococci, enterococci, Escherichia coli (EC) and lactose-negative enterobacteria (LNEB) in feces of white mice as well as to determine adhesive properties of isolated microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drugs were administered intragastrically during 6 weeks; CP in dose 35.4 mg/kg daily; MT - 2.5 mg/kg over week; PS - 2.5 mg/kg daily; sterile distilled water was administered to controls. Microflora was assessed by common methods; adhesion of microorganisms to group 0 (I) human erythrocytes was determined. RESULTS: Administration of prednisolone leads to increase of isolation rate of staphylococci, CP increased levels of LNEB and EC with suppressed enzymatic activity (P < 0.05). MT decreased isolation rate of typical EC (P < 0.05). MT also decreased degree of adhesion of EC and LNEB, whereas PS enhanced adhesiveness of LNEB, and CP decreased adhesion of staphylococci (P < 0.05). Statistically significant correlation between number and adhesiveness of enterobacteria was established (r = 0.73, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Immunodepressors from different groups have non-similar effects on quantitative characteristics of microflora and adhesiveness of isolated opportunistic microorganisms.

[Microflora in patients with systemic connective tissue diseases].

The study of microflora of skin, mucous tunic of nose and mouth, and the quantitative and qualitative structure of the intestinal and urinal microflora in cases of systemic connective tissues diseases, are reproduced. The decrease of the dominant state of typical representatives, and the increase of the role of pseudopathogenic bacteria in various biotypes, were observed. The frequency of S. aureus detection increased in skin, mucous tunic of nose and mouth. Pseudopathogenic microbes acquired greater significance in the forming of microbiocenosis of intestine, while the number of E. coli, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium decreased. The frequency of detection of microbes in urine decreased. The comparative analyses of the microflora in patients with systemic lupus erythromatosis and progressive systemic sclerosis demonstrated the common peculiarities for microflora character change.

[Intestinal microecology in some systemic connective tissue diseases].

In patients with systemic connective tissue diseases were studied. The species structure intestinal microflora was characterized by decrease of dominating status of anaerobic bacteria and increase of role of opportunistic bacteria. The number of Lactobacillus decreased significantly. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides was also decreased in number while their detection rate did not change. Opportunistic bacteria with hemolytic activity acquired greater significance in the forming of patients' intestinal microbiocenosis. Significant increase of Staphylococcus and opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae detection rate and density of intestine colonization was detected. Colonization of the intestine by S. aureus was revealed. Comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative structure of the intestinal microflora in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleriasis revealed similar patterns. However, colonization of the gut by opportunistic intestinal bacteria, Candida and microorganisms with hemolytic activity was more frequently observed in patients with systemic scleriasis.

[Sanitary specification by electromagnetic factor for radiofrequency transmitters]. / Sanitarnaia pasportizatsiia peredaiushchikh radiotekhnicheskikh ob"ektov radiochastotnogo diapazona po élektromagnitnomu faktoru.

The article represents structure and contents of sanitary specification by electromagnetic factor to unify radio transmitter. The authors determined requirements to calculate intensity of radio frequency electromagnetic rays and to complete calculations in sanitary specification. Complete information on calculation of radio frequency electromagnetic rays intensity should be stored in electronic carrier (diskette). Notion is that using software complex analyzing electromagnetic situation could resolve many problems and discrepancies in coordination of sanitary specification by State Sanitary and Epidemiologic Supervision.

[Organ-saving treatment of penile cancer]. / Organosokhraniaiushchee lechenie raka polovogo chlena.

Conservative penis-salvage treatment provides a complete local effect in 55% cases, preservation of the penis in 51.4% patients without a fall in long-term specific and recurrence-free survival compared to penectomy and can be recommended as an alternative to penis amputation in patients with stages Tis-T2. Removal of a penile tumor raises efficacy of salvage treatment and insignificantly increases survival. Application of surgical treatment only is associated with a high rate of local recurrences. Chemoradiotherapy in penile cancer is significantly more effective vs each method alone. Radiation in a total focal dose more than 60 Gy improves local control over the tumor. Most effective are schemes of chemotherapy based on bleomycin. Polychemotherapy has no advantages over monochemotherapy with bleomycine.

[Oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes in patients with unstable angina pectoris and its correction with preductal]. / Osobennosti kislorodzavisimogo metabolizma neitrofilov i monotsitov u bol'nykh nestabil'noi stenokardiei i ego korrektsiia preduktalom.

Spectrophotometric NBT-test and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence were used to study oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes; antioxidant defense was evaluated by activity of superoxide dismutase measured by spectrophotomety and peroxide chemiluminescence of blood plasma; heparin and trimetasidine (preductal) effects on the above metabolism were studied in 39 patients with unstable angina pectoris. All the patients were found to have a significant rise in functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes by NBT-test and insignificant one by chemiluminescence, unchanged activity of serum superoxide dismutase, reduced total antioxidant potential of blood serum, moderate elevation of circulating immune complexes in high parameters of NBT-test. The latter points to a mild activation of leukocytes through FcR or CR and suggests the presence of another activator of membrane NADP.H-oxidase in unstable angina. Use of heparin in unstable angina activated oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes in the absence of reduction in the degree and extent of ischemic myocardial damage. This reduction was observed in the treatment of unstable angina with preductal. This effect is due to suppression, primarily, of NADP.H- and NAD.H-oxidase of leukocytes. It also demonstrates antioxidant properties of this drug.

[Biologic effects and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields caused by mobile communication devices]. / Voprosy biologicheskogo deistviia i gigienicheskogo normirovaniia élektromagnitnykh polei, sozdavaemykh sredstvami mobil'noi sviazi.

The authors present results of hygienic, physiologic and experimental studies and mathematic simulation of biologic effects. Experimental studies (by functional state of CNS and immune system, cytologic examination of rats' lens epithelium) on 450 and 900 MHz frequencies prove the intensity of 1,900 MW/cm2 to be hazardous for animals and supraliminal.

[Oxygen dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes in patients with unstable angina and its correction with preductal]. / Osobennosti kislorodzavisimogo metabolizma neitrofilov i monotsitov u bol'nykh nestabil'noi stenokardiei i ego korrektsiia preduktalom.

Oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes and antioxidant defense and heparin and trimetasidine effects on them were studied in 39 patients with unstable angina. All the patients showed a significant activation of neutrophils and monocytes by NBT-test, insignificant one by chemiluminescence in active serum superoxide dismutase and reduced total antioxidative serum potential. There was also a moderate rise in the level of CIC in enhanced HBT-test. Heparin in unstable angina pectoris produced stimulation of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils and monocytes, ischemic damage to the myocardium was not changed. This was observed after treatment with preductal indicating antioxidant properties of this drug.

[Strategies in approaches to requirements in the control of electromagnetic irradiation levels]. / Metodicheskie podkhody po razrabotke trebovanii k kontroliu urovnei élektromagnitnykh izluchenii.

The authors present main principles and approaches used in elaboration of methodic documents to control electromagnetic levels in enterprises that work in radio frequency range. The article incorporates list of actual methodic documents specified in accordance with those principles and approaches.

[The formation of knowledge of electromagnetic ecology among high-school students]. / Formirovanie znanii po élektromagnitnoi ékologii u shkol'nikov srednei shkoly.

The article tackle the problem of ecologic education, training and development in electromagnetic safety. Electromagnetic ecology is associated with effects of electromagnetic fields, so these topics are expedient in comprehensive courses of physics, ecology, natural science, biology, geography. The authors necessitate specification of regulatory document, program, methods and means of giving such knowledge.

[Role of fluorescent control in raising radicality of surgical treatment for superficial bladder cancer]. / Rol' fliuorestsentnogo kontrolia v povyshenii radikalizma operativnogo lecheniia poverkhnostnogo raka mochevogo puzyria.

Solution of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and D-Light unit (Karl Storz GmbH & Co) were used for fluorescent control over radicality of transurethral resection (TUR) of the urinary bladder. TUR with the fluorescent control was performed in 85 patients. The new procedure allowed to remove tumors undetectable at standard TUR in 46(54.1%) patients. Sensitivity and specificity of the method was 98.7 and 76.3%, respectively. 5-ALA-induced fluorescence used to control radicality of bladder TUR reduced the number of recurrences within 12 postoperative months 2-fold.

[Prevalence of ear diseases in children under 7 years of age in Orenburg]. / Rasprostranennost' patologii ukha u detei pervykh semi let zhizni v Orenburge.

Incidence rate of otitis media in children under 7 years of age by the number of outpatient consultations in Orenburg, implications of some social factors in this rate and in growing number of cases of chronic otitis media are analysed.

[Transabdominal laparoscopic nephrectomy and renal cyst fenestration]. / Transabdominal'naia laparoskopicheskaia nefréktomiia i fenestratsiia kist pochek.

Since November 1994, when the first laparoscopic nephrectomy was made in Russia, 36 laparoscopic operations have been made on the kidney. 11 were nephrectomies, 21 were fenestrations of renal cysts, 4 transabdominal laparoscopies were unsuccessful.