RESUMO
At present, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function is thought to be more relevant than HDL cholesterol quantity. Consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) has beneficial effects on HDL-related markers. Enriched food with complementary antioxidants could be a suitable option to obtain additional protective effects. Our aim was to ascertain whether virgin olive oils (VOOs) enriched with (a) their own PC (FVOO) and (b) their own PC plus complementary ones from thyme (FVOOT) could improve HDL status and function. Thirty-three hypercholesterolemic individuals ingested (25 ml/day, 3 weeks) (a) VOO (80 ppm), (b) FVOO (500 ppm) and (c) FVOOT (500 ppm) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. A rise in HDL antioxidant compounds was observed after both functional olive oil interventions. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol, the main HDL antioxidant, was only augmented after FVOOT versus its baseline. In conclusion, long-term consumption of phenol-enriched olive oils induced a better HDL antioxidant content, the complementary phenol-enriched olive oil being the one which increased the main HDL antioxidant, α-tocopherol. Complementary phenol-enriched olive oil could be a useful dietary tool for improving HDL richness in antioxidants.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/dietoterapia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Azeite de Oliva/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/economia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Ingredientes de Alimentos/economia , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Frutas/química , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Lipoproteínas HDL/química , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Olea/química , Azeite de Oliva/economia , Fenóis/economia , Extratos Vegetais/economia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Espanha , Thymus (Planta)/química , alfa-Tocoferol/análise , alfa-Tocoferol/sangueRESUMO
The natural antioxidants of Arbutus unedo highlight the importance of this fruit as natural source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, to evaluate the stability of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and fat-soluble antioxidants (α-tocopherol, ß-carotene and lutein), in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was applied to A. unedo fruit. After that, the non-absorbable fraction was anaerobically incubated with human faeces and the metabolic pathway for gallotannins, ellagitannins, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins from A. unedo fruit was proposed. The results showed that the presence of pectin from the fruit hampered the solubilization of the phenolic compounds (with exception of gallic and ellagic acids) and fat-soluble vitamins during gastric digestion. Degradation of pectin-gel during the duodenal digestion favored the release of the phenolic compounds and fat-soluble antioxidants to the media. The catabolic activity of human microbiota led to the generation of a wide range of simple phenols, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid and catechol, derived from the catabolism of gallotannins, ellagitannins, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins.