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BACKGROUND: -Mentally Disabled (MD) subjects often have multiple co-morbidities and also experience injuries, acute and chronic illness like the general population. Details of such episodes and the impact of health insurance have not been described for Tamil Nadu, an Indian state population. This manuscript intends to report on this experience. MATERIALS AND METHOD: -Secondary Data Analysis of District Level Household and Facility survey-4 (2012-13) were employed for this study. Comparison of MD with the normal population was performed. Demographic characteristics along with injury (in preceding year), acute illness (within past 15 days) and the experience of chronic illness (requiring treatment for 1 month), treatment seeking behavior and health insurance coverage formed the variables. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and odds ratio are presented. P≤0.005 was considered as statistical significance. RESULT: -Of the 179381 surveyed, 565(0.3%) had some form of MD and 169938 (94.7%) had no disabilities. The two groups varied in age, gender, and marital status. MD population had nearly 4 times the incidence of injury (P = 0.000) in the past 1 year, more commonly requiring in-patient treatment. Epilepsy was more common among individuals with MD with odds ratio of 7.159 [P = 0.015]. Health insurance cover and its influence on treatment seeking behavior are presented. DISCUSSION: -The experience of injuries, acute and chronic illness by individuals with MD, to the best of our knowledge has been described for the first time in Tamil Nadu. Individuals with MD and without health insurance often do not take treatment. The absence of health insurance with the resulting increased cost of out-of-pocket expense for chronic illness may force them to neglect their health. These factors are discussed along with recommendations for policy makers.
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Seguro Saúde , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental , Ferimentos e Lesões , Adulto , Comorbidade , Feminino , Gastos em Saúde , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População Rural , Autorrelato , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: India lacks data on national level adaptation of oral cancer screening measures and burden of oral diseases. We intend to address the issue through a secondary data analysis of existing data and reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were acquired from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016). Of the 699,686 responses, representing 99% of India's women population living in all of India, the following data from the age group of 15-49 years were mined - any tobacco use, desire to quit tobacco use, and oral cavity screening for cancers. Data from Central Health Intelligence Bureau 2016 was used to identify population served by dentists in each state. The state-level data of the District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-2013) were mined for household population having symptoms of chronic illness including mouth/dental illness persisting for more than 1 month and had sought treatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: SPSS version 20; Descriptive statistics for values in proportions; Pearson's correlation test assessed between the various factors. RESULTS: Tobacco use in any form was highly prevalent among the North Eastern states, and there was also a lack of willingness to quit the habit. There was unequal distribution of dentists in different states. No significant statistical correlation was found between the proportions. CONCLUSION: There is disparity existing in treating seeking behavior of the general population as well as the need for dental treatment. The skewedness in dentists' distribution among the nation as compared with oral burden of diseases needs to be correlated before oral health policies are planned.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Miniscrew implant (MSI) has been reported to be an excellent, supportive orthodontic anchorage tool. The placement of MSI is not free from complication and foremost of which is penetration of MSI into the vital tooth structures. This case report is probably the first to report a newer underreported complication. Interestingly, a small bit of gingival tissue was found deep inside the dentin of the tooth, surviving and proliferating in the MSI-damaged zone. This case report is probably the first to give direct histological evidence in humans that a MSI can cause implantation phenomenon which has the potential to give rise to numerous pathologies including pulpal, periodontal, and cystic transformation. Through this report, it is emphasized that clinicians should have a structured, formal MSI placement training to avoid such instances and also underlines the need to develop protocols to be followed in the instance of an inadvertent MSI penetration.
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Parafusos Ósseos/efeitos adversos , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/etiologia , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica/métodos , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Propriedades de Superfície , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Attempts to refine toothbrushing (TB) technique, an ingrained habit in adults, can meet with some challenges. Recently, the role of proactive interference as a barrier to improving the learning of proper brushing has been proposed. This pilot feasibility study was designed to investigate TB behavior and to see how it changes after training. Smartphone video "selfies" (SPVSs) are increasingly being used in the medical field to assess, monitor, and determine the progression of diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used SPVS to study TB skills in a small sample of volunteers. Over a period of 14 days, after a one-time group training session, we observed TB behavior of volunteers using self-captured SPVS. RESULTS: Following the brief intervention, we observed an 8% of improvement in TB skills. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using SPVS to study TB behavior. We demonstrated initial feasibility of using SPVS in the dental setting. We observed modest improvements in toothbrushing accuracy and quality, and we generated important experiences about the use of Selfies for TB monitoring and intervention, and some interesting insights about where in the toothbrushing is more or less effective. CONCLUSION: Further investigation using a larger sample size is needed to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of this approach to improve TB skills and better understand the role of proactive interference.
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Educação em Saúde Bucal , Smartphone , Escovação Dentária , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Projetos Piloto , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Sensibilidade da Dentina/prevenção & controle , Cremes Dentais/química , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The alterations involved in step-wise transformation of a dental follicle to dentigerous cyst (DC) is not clearly known. Primary cilium and its protein have been hypothesized to be associated with DC. Mutation of a ciliary protein, polycystin-1 (PC1) is associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. This study was performed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of PC1 between DC and postfunctional follicular tissue (PFFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive PFFT and 15 DC formed the study group. The PFFT and DC tissues were stained with antibody against PC1. Statistical Package for Social Service was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics and Student's Chi-square test were appropriately used. P≤0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: Fifteen DC (100%) and 7 (22.58%) PFFT were positive for PC1. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). PC1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm with varying intensity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All PC1 positive epithelial cells' cytoplasm stained diffusely. Abnormal cytoplasmic expression of PC1 in all positive epithelial lining indicates that the PC1 probably is associated with cystic transformation.
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Cisto Dentígero/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPP/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , FotomicrografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dental operatory requires handling of numerous toxic fluids such as denture acrylic monomer, alcohol and formalin for effective oral care delivery. The efficacy and responsible handling of such fluids has not been analyzed among Indian dentists and this study aims to address this lacunae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Closed ended questionnaire was distributed through email to Indian dentists in July 2012. After inclusion/exclusion criteria, 1484 practitioners constituted the study group with a response rate of 52%. STATISTICS: SPSS(®) Version 17.0 (SPSS-IBM Inc., IL, USA) was used to carry out statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented. Chi square test was used to identify the association between the parameters; P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Males (80.8%), undergraduates (78%), exclusive practitioners (81.2%), urban practitioners (68.5%) were the predominant respondents. Predominant of the respondents (97%) used local anesthetic (LA) from bottles. Eight percent have encountered instances of injecting formalin instead of LA in their settings. Safe disposal rules and regulations (P ≤ 0.05), opinion on injecting the other fluids instead of LA as a severe negligent act (P ≤ 0.05) were statistically significant between age groups. Educational status did not appear to influence the outcome. Only a third of the respondents were aware of the rules and regulations for safe disposal of empty LA bottles while 49.1% were not aware of them and willing to learn. DISCUSSION: The lacunae in responsible handling of toxic fluids need to be addressed to prevent inadvertent and negligence suits against dentists, highlighting the need through continuing dental education programmes.
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reparative potential of cementum histologically after intentional root contact with a temporary skeletal anchorage device. METHODS: Seventeen patients (8 male, 9 female; mean age, 16.2 years; range, 13.5-21.6 years) who were scheduled for extraction of 4 first premolars as part of their orthodontic treatment participated in this study. The roots of the premolars were intentionally injured with a temporary skeletal anchorage device. The teeth were extracted at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after the injury. Root contact with the temporary skeletal anchorage device was confirmed by using a stereomicroscope. Histologic samples were prepared. Demineralized serial sections were stained with eosin and hematoxylin, and cementum repair was assessed histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Despite varying depths of the injuries, including involvement of dentin, reparative cementum formation was observed in all sections. Healing cementum was almost exclusively of the cellular type; 70% of all the teeth exhibited good repair by the end of week 12. CONCLUSIONS: This study established that healing of cementum takes place after an injury with a temporary skeletal anchorage device, and it is a time-dependent phenomenon.
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Cemento Dentário/lesões , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica/efeitos adversos , Raiz Dentária/lesões , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Adolescente , Dente Pré-Molar , Cementogênese , Cemento Dentário/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica/prevenção & controle , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica/instrumentação , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/efeitos adversos , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/instrumentação , Raiz Dentária/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) was first delineated in 1962. It is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst with notable presence of histopathological features which include a cystic lining demonstrating characteristic "Ghost" epithelial cells with a propensity to calcify. In addition, the COC may be associated with other recognized odontogenic tumors. This gives rise to a spectrum of variants of COC according to clinical, histopathological, and radiological characteristics. Very few reports have actually captured the actual transformation while most reported cases are documents of co-existing lesions. This article presents one such entity, where the asymptomatic presentation misled the diagnosis and on histopathological examination revealed the COC with areas suggestive of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.
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PURPOSE: To document a clinically relevant position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in complete dentate south Indian patients in the age group of 20-29 years using cone beam computerized tomograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigators used a cross-sectional study design and a study sample of subjects who had a radiographically identifiable IAN canal with complete set of 28 permanent teeth excluding 3(rd) molars. Predictor variables were age, tooth position, and side. Outcome variables were the linear distances between the buccal and lingual aspect of the IAN canal, buccal and lingual cortical thickness, IAN canal diameter, and the superior aspect of the IAN canal from the periapex of first and second mandibular molar. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were performed. P value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 10 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 24.2 ± 3.00 years. On average, the lingual cortical thickness was 1.68 mm at 1(st) molar and 1.44 at 2(nd) molar level. Gender and side influenced the outcome with varying statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The range of linear dimension of mandibular canal, cortical bone thickness, and distance between tooth apex and IAN canal have been presented for the South Indian population in the age group of 20-29 years. The implications of the findings will influence on the course of surgery. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the findings of this study.
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BACKGROUND: Alcohol and tobacco abuse are detrimental to general and oral health. Though the effects of these harmful habits on oral mucosa had been demonstrated, their independent and combined effect on the dental caries experience is unknown and worthy of investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared 268 alcohol-only abusers with 2426 alcohol and tobacco abusers in chewing and smoking forms to test the hypothesis that various components of their dental caries experience are significantly different due to plausible sociobiological explanations. Clinical examination, Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index and Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified were measured in a predetermined format. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA analysis were done using SPSS Version 16.0. RESULT: The mean DMFT were 3.31, 3.24, 4.09, 2.89 for alcohol-only abusers, alcohol and chewing tobacco abusers, smoking tobacco and alcohol abusers, and those who abused tobacco in smoke and smokeless forms respectively. There was no significant difference between the oral hygiene care measures between the study groups. Presence of attrition among chewers and those with extrinsic stains experienced less caries than others. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The entire study population exhibited a higher incidence of caries experience. Use of tobacco in any form appears to substantially increase the risk for dental caries. Attrition with use of chewing tobacco and presence of extrinsic stains with tobacco use appear to provide a protective effect from caries. The changes in oral micro-flora owing to tobacco use and alcohol may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of dental caries.