RESUMO
HCV NS5A inhibitors have shown impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays thus making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination regimen. Herein, we describe the discovery and characterization of silyl proline-containing HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8325 with good pan-genotype activity and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/química , Prolina/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Cães , Genótipo , Meia-Vida , Haplorrinos , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/fisiologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacocinética , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Ratos , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Herein, we describe our research efforts to develop unique cores in molecules which function as HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors. In particular, various fused tetracyclic cores were identified which showed genotype and mutant activities comparable to the indole-based tetracyclic core.
Assuntos
Indóis/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We describe the impact of proline modifications, in our tetracyclic-indole based series of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors, to their replicon profiles. This work identified NS5A inhibitors with an improved and flattened resistance profiles.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Indóis/química , Prolina/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/química , Benzofuranos/química , Imidazóis/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
As part of an ongoing effort in NS5A inhibition at Merck we now describe our efforts for introducing substitution around the tetracyclic indole core of MK-8742. Fluoro substitution on the core combined with the fluoro substitutions on the proline ring improved the potency against GT1a Y93H significantly. However, no improvement on GT2b potency was achieved. Limiting the fluoro substitution to C-1 of the tetracyclic indole core had a positive impact on the potency against the resistance associated variants, such as GT1a Y93H and GT2b, and the PK profile as well. Compounds, such as 62, with reduced potency shifts between wild type GT1a to GT2b, GT1a Y93H, and GT1a L31V were identified.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/farmacocinética , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacocinética , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Herein we describe our research efforts around the aryl and heteroaryl substitutions at the aminal carbon of the tetracyclic indole-based HCV NS5A inhibitor MK-8742. A series of potent NS5A inhibitors are described, such as compounds 45-47, 54, 56, and 65, which showed improved potency against clinically relevant and resistance associated HCV variants. The improved potency profiles of these compounds demonstrated an SAR that can improve the potency against GT2b, GT1a Y93H, and GT1a L31V altogether, which was unprecedented in our previous efforts in NS5A inhibition.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Benzofuranos/síntese química , Benzofuranos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/química , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A matched and mixed capping SAR study was conducted on the tetracyclic indole class of HCV NS5A inhibitors to examine the influence of modifications of this region on the overall HCV virologic resistance profiles.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , Hepacivirus/metabolismo , Indóis/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/metabolismo , Antivirais/farmacologia , Área Sob a Curva , Genótipo , Meia-Vida , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Indóis/metabolismo , Indóis/farmacologia , Curva ROC , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Herein we describe our continued research efforts around the alkyl "Z group" modification of the tetracyclic indole-based NS5A inhibitor MK-8742, which led to the discovery of a series of potent NS5A inhibitors. Compounds 10 and 19 are of particular interests since they are as potent as our previous leads and have much improved rat pharmacokinetic profiles.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Benzofuranos/síntese química , Benzofuranos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/química , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro virologic profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed-dose combination (FDC) regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Merck's effort in this area identified MK-4882 and MK-8325 as early development leads. Herein, we describe the discovery of potent macrocyclic NS5A inhibitors bearing the MK-8325 or MK-4882 core structure.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
HCV NS5A inhibitors have demonstrated impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays and robust HCV RNA titer reduction in the clinic making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. Herein, we describe research efforts that led to the discovery of a series of fused tricyclic core containing HCV NS5A inhibitors such as 24, 39, 40, 43, and 44 which have pan-genotype activity and are orally bioavailable in the rat.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Genótipo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
HCV NS5A inhibitors have shown impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays thus making them attractive components for inclusion in an all oral fixed dose combination treatment regimen. Herein we describe the research efforts that led to the discovery of silyl proline containing HCV NS5A inhibitors such as 7e and 8a with pan-genotype activity profile and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Silanos/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/síntese química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Genótipo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Silanos/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Starting from indole-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitor lead compound 1, structure modifications were performed at multiple indole substituents to improve potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Bicyclic quinazolinone was found to be the best substituent at indole nitrogen, while 4,5-furanylindole was identified as the best core. Compound 11 demonstrated excellent potency. Its C2 N,N-dimethylaminoethyl ester prodrug 12 (SCH 900188) demonstrated significant improvement in PK and was selected as the development candidate.
RESUMO
The structure-human CXCR3 binding affinity relationship of a series of pyridyl/pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine derivatives were explored with a focus to improve PK, hERG and metabolic profiles. Several small heterocycles were identified as amide surrogates, which minimized many potential metabolite issues. During the course of SAR development, we have observed the additive effect of desirable functional groups to improve hERG and PK profiles which lead to the discovery of many clinically developable CXCR3 antagonists with excellent overall profile.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Receptores CXCR3/antagonistas & inibidores , Amidas/administração & dosagem , Amidas/química , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Compostos Heterocíclicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The discovery of lead compound 2e was described. Its covalent binding to HCV NS5B polymerase enzyme was investigated by X-ray analysis. The results of distribution, metabolism and pharmacokinetics were reported. Compound 2e was demonstrated to be potent (replicon GT-1b EC50 = 0.003 µM), highly selective, and safe in in vitro and in vivo assays.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Indóis/química , Quinolinas/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
A novel series of benzimidazolone-containing histamine H3-receptor antagonists were prepared and their structure-activity relationship was explored. These benzimidazolone analogs demonstrate potent H3-receptor binding affinities, no P450 enzyme inhibition, and strong H3 functional activity. Compound 1o exhibits the best overall profile with H3Ki=0.95nM and rat AUC=12.9µMh.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacologia , Animais , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Benzimidazóis/farmacocinética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Cobaias , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/síntese química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Humanos , Ratos , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The synthesis of substituted 3,4-dihydrofuranoindoles is reported. These new indole compounds were used to synthesize potent HCV NS5B inhibitors. The binding mode of the dihydrofuranoindole-derived inhibitors was established via X-ray crystallographic studies.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/síntese química , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre ProteínasRESUMO
Starting from indole-based C-3 pyridone HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor 2, structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of the indole N-1 benzyl moiety were performed. This study led to the discovery of irreversible inhibitors with p-fluoro-sulfone- or p-fluoro-nitro-substituted N-1 benzyl groups which achieved breakthrough replicon assay potency (EC(50) = 1 nM). The formation of a covalent bond with adjacent cysteine-366 thiol was was proved by mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure studies. The C-5 ethyl C-2 carboxylic acid derivative 47 had an excellent oral area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 18 µM·h (10 mg/kg). Its oral exposure in monkeys and dogs was also very good. The NMR ALARM assay, mass spectroscopy experiments, in vitro counter screening, and toxicology assays demonstrated that the covalent bond formation between compound 47 and the protein was highly selective and specific. The overall excellent profile of 47 made it an interesting candidate for further investigation.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/síntese química , Nitrocompostos/síntese química , Sulfonas/síntese química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Haplorrinos , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Indóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Nitrocompostos/farmacocinética , Nitrocompostos/farmacologia , Piridonas/síntese química , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonas/farmacocinética , Sulfonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Starting with the indole-based C-3 pyridone lead HCV polymerase inhibitor 2, extensive SAR studies were performed at different positions of the indole core. The best C-5 groups were found to be compact and nonpolar moieties and that the C-6 attachments were not affecting potency. Limited N-1 benzyl-type substituent studies indicated that the best substitutions were fluoro or methyl groups at 2' or 5' positions of the benzyl group. To improve pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, acylsulfonamides were incorporated as acid isosteres at the C-2 position. Further optimization of the combination at N-1, C-2, C-5, and C-6 resulted in the identification of compound 56, which had an excellent potency in both NS5B enzyme (IC(50) = 0.008 µM) and cell-based replicon (EC(50) = 0.02 µM) assays and a good oral PK profile with area-under-the curve (AUC) of 14 and 8 µM·h in rats and dogs, respectively. X-ray structure of inhibitor 56 bound to the enzyme was also reported.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Indóis/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Células CACO-2 , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Humanos , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Permeabilidade , Ratos , Replicon , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética , Sulfonamidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Development of SAR at the C2 position of indole lead 1, a palm site inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase (NS5B IC(50)=0.053µM, replicon EC(50)=4.8µM), is described. Initial screening identified an acyl sulfonamide moiety as an isostere for the C2 carboxylic acid group. Further SAR investigation resulted in identification of acyl sufonamide analog 7q (NS5B IC(50)=0.039µM, replicon EC(50)=0.011µM) with >100-fold improved replicon activity.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Indóis/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Cristalografia por Raios X/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Modelos Químicos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/químicaRESUMO
The SAR of a novel pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine scaffold with CXCR3 receptor antagonist activity was explored. Optimization of the DMPK profile and reduction of hERG inhibition is described. Compound 16e with single-digit CXCR3 affinity, good rat PK and hERG profiles has been identified as a lead for further study.
Assuntos
Piperazinas/química , Pirazinas/química , Receptores CXCR3/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
SAR development of indole-based palm site inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase exemplified by initial indole lead 1 (NS5B IC(50)=0.9 µM, replicon EC(50)>100 µM) is described. Structure-based drug design led to the incorporation of novel heterocyclic moieties at the indole C3-position which formed a bidentate interaction with the protein backbone. SAR development resulted in leads 7q (NS5B IC(50)=0.032 µM, replicon EC(50)=1.4 µM) and 7r (NS5B IC(50)=0.017 µM, replicon EC(50)=0.3 µM) with improved enzyme and replicon activity.