Enfermedad arterial periférica en población trabajadora: factores de riesgo y estilo de vida

Introducción: La Enfermedad Arterial Periférica (EAP) es definida como la oclusión de las arterias de las extremidades, se reconoce como la tercera causa de morbilidad vascular aterosclerótica, después del infarto agudo de miocardio y el accidente cerebrovascular. Aunque las enfermedades cardiovasculares se han relacionado con la ocupación, la información sobre la relación entre el trabajo con la EAP es escasa. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de EAP en población laboralmente activa y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y estilo de vida. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo transversal, en 203 sujetos de 40 años o más, laboralmente activos de Popayán. Tras la firma del consentimiento, se realizó una entrevista, y se registraron las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Para el tamizaje de EAP se evaluó el índice tobillo brazo (ITB). Los participantes se clasificaron en categorías basadas en el ITB de la siguiente manera: EAP ≤ 0,90; 0,91 a 0,99 normal; y no compresible > 1,40. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa SPSS versión 26.0, se aplicó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov como prueba de normalidad, la t Student para evaluar diferencias de medias entre los grupos de estudio y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados y discusión: La prevalencia fue del 2,5 % para EAP, siendo el primer estudio reportado para población trabajadora en Colombia. La EAP fue más prevalente en empleados manuales (2,8 %) e ingresos bajos (30 %); además, fueron obesos y fumadores. El riesgo encontrado para edad fue OR 1,5; IC95 % 1,17 a 2,14, género OR 1,2; IC95 % 1,20 a 3,28 y DM2 OR 1,5; IC95 % 1,23 a 6,68. Conclusión: Se estableció por primera vez la prevalencia de EAP (2,5 %) en una población laboralmente activa de Popayán, siendo más prevalente en los individuos con ingresos bajos, expuestos a factores de riesgo cardiovascular y con antecedente familiar de DM2.

Introduction: The Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is defined as the occlusion of the extremities' arteries, and it is known to be the third vascular atherosclerotic cause of death after acute myocardial infarction and brain stroke. Even though cardiovascular diseases had been linked to occupation, information about the relation between PAD and labor activity runs short. Objective: To identify the PAD prevalence in the working population and its relationship with sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle variables. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 203 people of >40 years, actively working in the city of Popayán. After consent signing, interviews were completed to record such variables. PAD testing was evaluated through Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Participants were grouped into categories based on ABI as follows: PAD ≤0.90; normal 0.91 to 0.99; and non-compressible >1.40. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS version 26.0, applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as the normal; t Student test to evaluate mean differences between study groups and Chi-square. Results and discussion: PAD prevalence was 2.5 % being the very first report done for Colombia's working class. PAD was prevalent for manual-labor employees (2.8 %), low-income people (30 %), adding obesity and smoking to their profile. Age risk found was (OR 1.5; IC 95 % 1.17 to 2.14), by gender (OR 1.2; IC 95 % 1.20 to 3.28); DM2 (OR 1.5; IC 95 % 1.23 to 6.68). Conclusion: It was determined for the first time a prevalence of (2.5 °%) PAD for a population actively working in Popayán, being more frequent with individuals with low income, people exposed to higher cardiovascular risks, and for people with family DM2 records.

Epigenética y estilos de vida saludables de la Enfermedad Arterial Periférica / Epigenetics and healthy lifestyles of Peripheral Arterial Disease / Epigenética e Estilos de Vida Saudáveis na Doença Arterial Periférica

RESUMEN La Enfermedad Arterial Periférica (EAP) se caracteriza por la oclusión progresiva de las arterias de las extremidades inferiores, afectando a gran parte de la población mundial. Se conoce que los factores de riesgo más reconocidos de la enfermedad y el estilo de vida pueden producir cambios epigenéticos que influyen en el desarrollo de la EAP. Por lo anterior; el propósito de este estudio, fue evidenciar la relación entre la epigenética y el estilo de vida, asociado a la EAP a partir de una revisión. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos de PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct y Google Scholar; eligiendo solo artículos en espanol e inglés publicados en los últimos I0 anos. Se encontró que aquellas personas con comportamientos saludables como realizar actividad física, buena alimentación y dejar de fumar, inducen cambios epigenéticos como la expresión de miARN, metilación del ADN y modificación de histonas, procesos implicados en el desarrollo y progresión de la EAP. La epigenética vislumbra la necesidad de nuevas estrategias que conduzcan a la prevención, tratamiento y autocuidado de los comportamientos saludables para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y reducir la carga por esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is characterized by the progressive occlusion of the arteries of the lower extremities, affecting a large part of the world population. It is known that the most recognized risk factors for disease and lifestyle can produce epigenetic changes that influence the development of PAD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between epigenetics and lifestyle, associated with PAD, based on a review. The search was carried out in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, choosing only articles in Spanish and English published in the last I0 years. It was found that those people with healthy behaviors such as physical activity good nutrition, and quitting smoking, induce epigenetic changes such as miRNA expression and DNA methylation and histone modification, processes involved in the development and progression of PAD. Epigenetics envisions the need for new strategies that lead to the prevention, treatment, and self-care of healthy behaviors to improve people's quality of life and reduce the burden of this disease.

RESUMO A Doença Arterial Periférica (DAP) é caracterizada pela oclusão progressiva das artérias das extremidades inferiores, afectando uma grande proporção da população mundial. Sabe-se que os factores de risco mais reconhecidos para a doença e estilo de vida podem levar a mudanças epigenéticas que influenciam o desenvolvimento do DAP. Portanto, o objectivo deste estudo era demonstrar a relação entre epigenética e estilo de vida associado ao DAP, com base numa revisão. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados da PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct e Google Scholar, escolhendo apenas artigos em espanhol e inglês publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Verificámos que pessoas com comportamentos saudáveis tais como actividade física, boa nutrição e cessação do tabagismo induzem alterações epigenéticas tais como expressão do miRNA, metilação do ADN e modificação do historial, processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e progressão do DAP. A epigenética prevê a necessidade de novas estratégias que conduzam à prevenção, tratamento e autocuidado de comportamentos saudáveis para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas e reduzir o peso desta doença.

Human-Centered Development of an Online Social Network for Metabolic Syndrome Management.

PROBLEM: According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), a quarter of the world's population has Metabolic Syndrome (MS). OBJECTIVE: To develop (and assess the users' degree of satisfaction of) an online social network for patients who suffer from Metabolic Syndrome, based on the recommendations and requirements of the Human-Centered Design. RESULTS: Following the recommendations of the ISO 9241-210 for Human-Centered Design (HCD), an online social network was designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition. In order to guarantee the active participation of the users during the development of the social network, a survey, an in-depth interview, a focal group, and usability tests were carried out with people suffering from MS. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated how the different activities, recommendations, and requirements of the ISO 9241-210 are integrated into a traditional software development process. Early usability tests demonstrated that the user's acceptance and the effectiveness and efficiency of the social network are satisfactory.

Salud electrónica para el autocuidado de pacientes con factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico / E-health for the self-care of patients with risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome

El propósito de esta revisión, es identificar la evidencia científica sobre el uso de estrategias de salud electrónica en las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar el autocuidado de pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociado con la presencia de síndrome metabólico. Los artículos analizados fueron identificados en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Elsevier, Scielo, Adicional a esto se revisaron publicaciones estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, La Federación Internacional de Diabetes, Guía de Síndrome Metabólico 2009 y ICT Facts and Figures World in 2013. Se tuvieron en cuenta 51 publicaciones realizadas entre los años 2009 y 2015, encontrándose mayor información en la intervención basada en el control del sobrepeso y la obesidad, como principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico. La evidencia encontrada en la literatura científica muestra la utilidad de la salud electrónica en el manejo de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares asociados al síndrome metabólico, y el impacto de esta en la calidad de vida cuando son aplicadas con un adecuado protocolo.

The purpose of this review is to identify the scientific evidence on the use of electronic health strategies in interventions aimed at improving self-care of patients with cardiovascular risk factors associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The articles analyzed were identified in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Elsevier and Scielo. In addition, statistical publications from the World Health Organization, the International Diabetes Federation, Metabolic Syndrome Guide 2009 and ICT Facts and Figures World in 2013 were reviewed. 51 publications between the years 2009 and 2015 were considered, where there were more information about the intervention based on the control of overweight and obesity as a major risk factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome. The evidence found in the scientific literature shows the usefulness of e-health in the management of cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, and its impact on the quality of life when they are applied with a suitable protocol.

Calidad del agua en La Palma de Darién / Water quality in Darien in the city of Palma

El agua es esencial para la vida y todas las personas deben disponer de un suministro satisfactorio, pero la mismapuede convertirse en un vehículo de transmisión de diversas enfermedades.Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del agua potable para el consumo humano y analizar cómo influye en eldesarrollo de enfermedades gastrointestinales, en la población de La Palma, Provincia de Darién.Metodología: La muestra analizada estuvo constituida por 150 jefes de hogares. Se utilizó el muestreo aleatoriosistemático para selección de los hogares, de 6 en 6 hogares. La información se recolectó a través de cuestionariosque constaban de dos partes; a) datos generales y b) fuentes de servicio de agua. Resultados.Resultados: De los 150 jefes de hogar encuestados: el 65,3% eran mujeres, un 28.0% fueron hombres y el restante6,7% correspondió a otros familiares. Un 82,6% de los participantes en el estudio indicó que la calidad de agua esregular y mala; el 84,0% de los hogares almacenan el agua en tanques con tapaderas, el 76,0% no purifican elagua; el 26,0% de las personas que Vivían en estos hogares refirieron consumir más de 8 vasos de agua al día. Lamayor incidencia por alteración gastrointestinal fueron diarrea 53,0%, dolor de estómago 49,8% y el 32,0%vómito, siendo los niños con edades inferiores a los 5 años los más vulnerables.Los resultados del análisis deparasitología de las muestras de agua recolectadas en ríos en la toma de agua del Instituto de Acueducto yAlcantarillado Nacionales ( IDAAN), las familias en sus casas, almacena agua del grifo en tanques de pintura,tanques grandes de reserva, en el análisis del agua recolectada en los tanques se tomaron muestras para análisis bacteriológico que reportaron encontrarse amebas, larvas de insecto, Coccidio de animales, Diatomea, Flagelosimilar a Giardia, algas filamentosas y rotíferos. Conclusión:El agua destinada para el consumo humano en La Palma, Provincia de Darién, no tiene la calidad sanitaria.

Water is essential for life and all people must have a satisfactory supply, but it can become a vehicle for thetransmission of various diseases.Aim: To determine the quality of drinking water for human intake and analyze how it influences the developmentof gastrointestinal diseases, in the town of La Palma, Darien Province.Methodology: The sample analysed consisted of 150 heads of households. Systematic random sampling forselection of households, 6 in 6 households was used. The information was collected through questionnairesconsisted of two parts; a) general data and b) sources of water service.Results: Of the 150 heads of household surveyed; 65,3% were women, 28,0% were men and the remaining 6.7%were other relatives. The 82,6% of participants in the study indicated that water quality is fair and poor; 84.0%of households store water in tanks with lids, 76,0% do not purify water; 26,0% of people who lived in thesehouseholds reported consuming more than 8 glasses of water a day. The highest incidence gastrointestinaldisorder 53,0% were diarrhoea, stomach pain 49,8% and 32.0% vomiting, being children below 5 years, the mostvulnerable ages. Parasitological analysis of water samples, reported amoebas, insect larvae, Coccidian animal,Diatom, similar to Giardia Swipe, filamentous algae and rotifers.

Objetivo: Caraterizar o perfil de hábitos e práticas de saúde dos universitários enquanto ao consumo de água naUniversidade de Panamá.A água é um dos grandes componentes do corpo humano. Constitui o meio em que se dão a maior parte reaçõesquímicas no corpo e têm um papel importante na transformação de energia, a excreção dos detritos e a regulaçãoda temperatura (Brown 2006). Metodologia: Se utilizou a amostragem aleatória estratificada proporcional comum erro máximo de 3% e um 95% de confiança. Além disso, se provou a homogeneidade estrutural doinstrumento. Com os resultados obtidos se procedeu a desenvolver uma análise descritiva com diferentesvariáveis de tipo geral, além das perguntas sobre o consumo de água. Por outro lado, se realizou uma análisemúlti variante aplicando o método HJ-Biplot, que permitirá identificar padrões com respeito às respostasmanifestadas nas faculdades testadas.Resultados: A amostra foi distribuída em 15% administrativos, 68%estudantes e 17% docentes. Os resultados indicam que o tipo de líquido preferido para acompanhar as comidas éa água, e do grupo de respondentes, os estudantes universitários foram aqueles com os menores níveis deconsumo de água, argumentando a falta de tempo.

Development of a metabolic syndrome personal health record system.

According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), a quarter of the world population is affected with metabolic syndrome (MS). The paper describes the development process of a Personal Health Record System (PHR) for the management of MS. Following the recommendations of ISO 9241-210:2010, a PHR for the promotion of physical activity and healthy nutrition was implemented.

Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of high-risk HPV-infected women with HGSIL.

Genomic instability is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors, including HPV-induced cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the use of assessing chromosome aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a biomarker for genomic instability in high-risk HPV-infected women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). A total of 120 women were recruited for this study, following cytology/colposcopy evaluation and HPV DNA detection. The study groups consisted of 30 HPV(+) women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 and 30 HPV(+) women with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Two control groups, including 30 women HPV(-) and 30 women HPV(+), were recruited among women who were reported as cytology negative. Lymphocyte cell cultures were established for 52 hr, and 100 complete metaphase cells were evaluated per subject for CA analysis. The results show that women with CIS had significantly higher frequencies of both aneuploidy (0.67 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.08, P = 0.020) and tetraploidy (0.88 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.08, P = 0.013) in comparison with HPV(-) controls. These findings suggest the usefulness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to detect genomic instability associated with HPV-induced HGSIL.