RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Continuous spikes and waves during slow wave sleep syndrome (CSWS) is a seldom form of epilepsy which may manifest by neurocognitive and/or psychiatric abnormalities, with or without clinical seizures. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old child was presented with a language disorder and behaviour abnormalities. A standard electroencephalograph (EEG) showed left tempororolandic spikes waves without any electrical discharges. Cerebral imaging excluded an underlying expansive disease. A continuous EEG recording revealed a CSWS syndrome by showing continuous and diffuse spike waves during slow wave sleep. Thanks to antiepileptic medications and orthophonic therapy, evolution was positive. CONCLUSION: In complex cases of language and behavioural disorders, it is necessary to perform an EEG even in the absence of convulsive seizures, to diagnose a CSWS syndrome. Given the etiological and treatment difficulties concerning the CSWS, a treatment with antiepileptic seems necessary. EEG normalisation under antiepileptic medications usually leads to significant, although partial, neuropsychological improvement. Furthermore, orthophonic therapy seems useful as a complement to pharmacological treatment.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/complicações , Transtornos da Linguagem/etiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Transtornos da Linguagem/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Linguagem/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/tratamento farmacológico , SíndromeRESUMO
The cyclic vomiting syndrome is defined by episodes of vomiting lasting from hours to days with free intervals between episodes. Various symptoms can be associated with vomiting: nausea, abdominal pain, photophobia, fever, pallor, dehydratation, excess salivation, social withdrawal. Some factors often precipitate the crisis: infection, psychological stresses, menstruation. Excluding a medical condition, especially a gastro-intestinal or a neurological disease is compulsory for the diagnostic of cyclic vomiting syndrome. The cyclic vomiting syndrome shares many common features with migraine including treatment. Due to negative paraclinical testing, a psychiatric disease is often suspected in these children. Pathophysiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. As for migraine, mitochondrial and ionic channels abnormalities are thought to play a role. Overactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic dysfunction seem to be involved too. Three clinical vignets will illustrate these aspects.