RESUMO
CONTEXT: Estimated 42 million reproductive age group women currently use injectable contraceptive, fourth most prevalent contraceptive worldwide. AIMS: To find out the prevalence, reasons and the associated factors for using injectable contraceptive among the women of reproductive age group. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A sub-centre-based observational, cross sectional survey was conducted among 212 reproductive age group women living in the rural areas of a district, West Bengal. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was done considering villages as the cluster to get the required sample. Totally, 212 reproductive age group women were chosen from a total of 16 villages, selected by simple random sampling. Information regarding study variables was collected by direct interview of the respondents by visiting individual houses with help of a pre-designed, semi-structured proforma. Strict confidentiality and anonimousity were maintained throughout the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analysed with SPSS 22.0 (licensed). Mean, median, proportion were used for quantitative variables whereas qualitative attributes were presented by proportion. Associations between dependent and independent variables were tested by Chi-square test. RESULTS: The proportion of teenage marriage was unexpectedly high. More than half mothers were unwilling to have babies in future. One-third of study population used injectable contraceptive, ASHA was the main suggestion provider in choosing the method. The major reasons of use were discomfort in previous method and suggestion of service provider. Irregular menstrual problem and easy maintenance was the commonest cause of dissatisfaction and satisfaction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Use of injectable contraceptive must be sincerely promoted through social marketing and the front line health workers should motivate the women to use it by providing correct information.
RESUMO
CONTEXT: The coexistence of diabetes and depression has resulted in poor quality of life. Reported literature suggested the need for research for assessing the correlates of both quality of life along with depression in diabetic persons. AIMS: To assess the quality of life (QOL), the prevalence of depression and associated factors in diabetic patients attending the lifestyle clinic of a tertiary healthcare facility in Eastern India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional research recruited 219 patients with diabetes to assess the QOL and depression in the lifestyle clinic of a tertiary healthcare facility. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The quality of life was assessed with the help of the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL BREF instrument. Depression was determined by a standardized Patient Health Questionnaire - 9(PHQ-9). The sociodemographic and diabetes-related information were collected by a semistructured questionnaire. Clinical and anthropometric examinations were conducted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: All the available data were initially coded and then analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 licensed software. RESULTS: The participants had a median age of 54 years. Illiteracy was significantly more among females. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Gender-wise difference in mean of weight, height, hip circumference, and QOL score in the psychosocial domain was significant. The mean QOL score was least in the social domain and highest in the environmental domain. Literate patients had a statistically significantly better QOL. Depression was observed significantly more in females, illiterates, and unemployed respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic women with lesser literacy have an increased risk of poor QOL. Women, illiterates, and the unemployed suffered more from depression. Therefore, a target-specific, routine, and well-planned clinic approach is needed to improve the QOL and mental health of respondents.
RESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out at Naihati municipal area in West Bengal to study the prevalence and some epidemiological factors in transmission of leprosy. Side by side, the validity of WHO operational classification was also tested by using slit skin smear examination as gold standard. A group of trained paramedical workers, supervised by epidemiologist conducted house to house survey work. Experienced dermatologist and neurologist examined suspected cases. Overall prevalence of leprosy were 9.9 per 10000, of which 53% were new cases. Epidemiologically manual workers, living in slums and unhygienic surroundings had significantly higher risk of developing leprosy. Sensitivity and specificity of WHO operational classification (> 5 skin lesion= MB) was found to be quite high (sensitivity 85.9% and specificity 83.3%) in this study. However addition of > 2 nerve lesions to this criteria increase sensitivity to 90.1% without much affecting the specificity (79.8%).