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1.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 29(8): 991-994, 2019 04 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30824200

RESUMO

The relaxin family peptide receptors have been implicated in numerous physiological processes including energy homeostasis, cardiac function, wound healing, and reproductive function. Two family members, RXFP3 and RXFP4, are class A GPCRs with endogenous peptide ligands (relaxin-3 and insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), respectively). Polymorphisms in relaxin-3 and RXFP3 have been associated with obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, central administration of relaxin-3 in rats has been shown to increase food intake, leading to body weight gain. Reported RXFP3 and RXFP4 ligands have been restricted to peptides (both endogenous and synthetic) as well as a low molecular weight positive allosteric modulator requiring a non-endogenous orthosteric ligand. Described here is the discovery of the first potent low molecular weight dual agonists of RXFP3/4. The scaffold identified is competitive with a chimeric relaxin-3/INSL5 peptide for RXFP3 binding, elicits similar downstream signaling as relaxin-3, and increases food intake in rats following acute central administration. This is the first report of small molecule RXFP3/4 agonism.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Descoberta de Drogas , Ligantes , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Peptídeos/agonistas , Receptores de Peptídeos/genética , Receptores de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Relaxina/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia
2.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 21(5): 1447-51, 2011 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21300545

RESUMO

The synthesis and preliminary studies of the SAR of novel 3,5-diarylazole inhibitors of Protein Kinase D (PKD) are reported. Notably, optimized compounds in this class have been found to be active in cellular assays of phosphorylation-dependant HDAC5 nuclear export, orally bioavailable, and highly selective versus a panel of additional putative histone deacetylase (HDAC) kinases. Therefore these compounds could provide attractive tools for the further study of PKD/HDAC5 signaling.


Assuntos
Azóis/farmacologia , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Azóis/síntese química , Azóis/química , Azóis/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
3.
J Med Chem ; 53(15): 5400-21, 2010 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20684591

RESUMO

A novel 2,6-naphthyridine was identified by high throughput screen (HTS) as a dual protein kinase C/D (PKC/PKD) inhibitor. PKD inhibition in the heart was proposed as a potential antihypertrophic mechanism with application as a heart failure therapy. As PKC was previously identified as the immediate upstream activator of PKD, PKD vs PKC selectivity was essential to understand the effect of PKD inhibition in models of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present study describes the modification of the HTS hit to a series of prototype pan-PKD inhibitors with routine 1000-fold PKD vs PKC selectivity. Example compounds inhibited PKD activity in vitro, in cells, and in vivo following oral administration. Their effects on heart morphology and function are discussed herein.


Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Naftiridinas/síntese química , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/síntese química , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Células Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Musculares/metabolismo , Células Musculares/patologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Naftiridinas/farmacocinética , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Ligação Proteica , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Dahl , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
4.
J Med Chem ; 53(15): 5422-38, 2010 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20684592

RESUMO

The synthesis and biological evaluation of potent and selective PKD inhibitors are described herein. The compounds described in the present study selectively inhibit PKD among other putative HDAC kinases. The PKD inhibitors of the present study blunt phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear export of HDAC4/5 in response to diverse agonists. These compounds further establish the central role of PKD as an HDAC4/5 kinase and enhance the current understanding of cardiac myocyte signal transduction. The in vivo efficacy of a representative example compound on heart morphology is reported herein.


Assuntos
2,2'-Dipiridil/análogos & derivados , Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Naftiridinas/síntese química , Piperazinas/síntese química , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , 2,2'-Dipiridil/síntese química , 2,2'-Dipiridil/farmacocinética , 2,2'-Dipiridil/farmacologia , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/síntese química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomegalia/enzimologia , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Células Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Musculares/metabolismo , Células Musculares/patologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Naftiridinas/farmacocinética , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Dahl , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
5.
J Card Fail ; 12(5): 392-8, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16762803

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Conditional gene inactivation in mice using the bacteriophage P1 Cre-loxP recombination system requires transgenic expression of Cre-recombinase driven by a tissue-specific or inducible promoter. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the cardiac alpha-myosin-heavy-chain promoter, the most commonly used myocardial-specific transgenic promoter, we created transgenic mice expressing Cre-recombinase in the heart. Seven transgenic lines developed dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death from congestive heart failure. One founder line that survived long enough to propagate had extremely high-level Cre recombinase expression. Transgenic lines that expressed low levels remained healthy. The high-expressing strain developed heart failure over a very predictable and reproducible time course. Detailed examination of the high-expressing strain revealed important molecular, cellular, and pharmacologic hallmarks of cardiomyopathy. First, "fetal genes" such as atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic protein were expressed, a marker of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Second, an increased incidence of cardiac myocyte apoptosis was present. Third, treatment of mice with captopril or metoprolol, drugs that delay the progression of heart failure, improved survival. CONCLUSION: Cre-recombinase when expressed at high levels may cause organ dysfunction, which could be mistaken for an effect of conditional gene inactivation. In addition, the stereotypic cardiomyopathy and disease progression in the characterized, high-expressing transgenic strain suggests its utility as a model to study the effects of pharmacologic or genetic manipulations in heart failure.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , Integrases/metabolismo , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Captopril/farmacologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/fisiopatologia , Expressão Gênica , Coração/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/genética , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Masculino , Metoprolol/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Miocárdio/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos , Tamanho do Órgão , Análise de Sobrevida , Regulação para Cima
6.
FASEB J ; 19(11): 1495-7, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15972800

RESUMO

Heterozygous mutations of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 cause congenital heart disease. To elucidate the molecular pathways of transcription factor mutant phenotypes or diseases, direct targets are commonly sought in studies of homozygous null mutant animals and by heterologous promoter-reporter gene transactivation assays. The expression of putative target genes in a physiologic range of transcription factor concentration, however, is often not examined. Heterozygous Nkx2-5 knockout (Nkx2-5+/-) mice have no more than half-normal levels of Nkx2-5 protein. We therefore measured the mRNA expression of four putative targets of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 in wild-type and Nkx2-5+/- animals in a variety of developmental and pathologic states. Wild-type and Nkx2-5+/- embryonic hearts expressed similar levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), the RNA helicase Csm, and homeodomain only protein HOP. In the failing adult ventricle, ANF and BNP were up-regulated to the same extent in wild-type and Nkx2-5+/- myocardium. Csm and HOP were down-regulated in heart failure, and Nkx2-5+/- hearts expressed about half-normal levels in healthy and failing states. No consistent relationship existed between the expression of putative transcriptional targets and Nkx2-5 gene dosage in the physiologically relevant range. Any dependence of gene expression on Nkx2-5 gene dosage is affected by factors specific to the individual gene and the physiologic context.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/fisiologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , Animais , Fator Natriurético Atrial/genética , Conexinas/genética , Coração Fetal/metabolismo , Heterozigoto , Proteína Homeobox Nkx-2.5 , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Miocárdio/química , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteína alfa-5 de Junções Comunicantes
7.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol ; 280(2): 966-72, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15368343

RESUMO

Mutations of Nkx2-5 cause congenital heart disease and atrioventricular block in man. The altered expression of an electrophysiologic protein regulated by Nkx2-5 was originally presumed to cause the conduction defect, but when no such protein was found, an alternative hypothesis was considered. In pediatric patients, the association of certain cardiac malformations with congenital atrioventricular block suggests that errors in specific developmental pathways could cause both an anatomic and a physiologic defect. We therefore hypothesized that Nkx2-5 insufficiency perturbs the conduction system during development, which in turn manifests as a postnatal conduction defect. Experimental results from Nkx2-5 knockout mouse models support the developmental hypothesis. Hypoplasia of the atrioventricular node, His bundle, and Purkinje system can explain in whole or in part specific conduction and electrophysiologic defects present in Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency.


Assuntos
Conexinas/metabolismo , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/embriologia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/patologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/fisiologia , Mutação , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , Animais , Proteína Homeobox Nkx-2.5 , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteína alfa-5 de Junções Comunicantes
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