Polyphenols, Antioxidants, and Wound Healing of Lecythis pisonis Seed Coats.

To better use the Lecythis pisonis Cambess. biomass, this study investigates whether Sapucaia seed coats present wound healing properties. We analyzed the antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing-promoting potentials, plus cytotoxicity and stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A. The chemical composition was analyzed by positive ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. A total of 19 compounds were identified, such as proanthocyanidin A1, procyanidins A1, B2, and C1, epigallocatechin, and kaempferol (p-coumaroyl) glycoside. Potent antioxidant strength/index was verified for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50 = 0.99 µg/mL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (IC50 = 1.09 µg/mL). The extract did not present cytotoxicity and promoted significant cell migration and/or proliferation of fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was stimulated dose-dependently at 6 µg/mL (167.13 ± 8.30 pg/mL), 12.5 µg/mL (210.3 ± 14.2 pg/mL), and 25 µg/mL (411.6 ± 29.4 pg/mL). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (0.002 µg/mL) was stimulated at 215.98 pg/mL. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to the extract, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. The identified compounds benefit the antioxidant activity, promoting hemostasis for the wound healing process, indicating that this extract has the potential for use in dermatological cosmetics.

Stability of a Natural-Based Cream Containing Lecythis pisonis Extract.

The outer pericarps of Lecythis pisonis Camb. are by-products with a high content of antioxidant substances. The goal of the present study was to analyze the incorporation of L. pisonis pericarp extract in an all-natural formulation. Physical-chemical and organoleptic characteristics and Challenge tests were evaluated before and after the stability test of the cosmetic formulation. The instability of the formulation increased with the increase of the concentration of the extract. The physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters did not present alterations after the stability test. The extract of the outer pericarp of L. pisonis seems to be compatible with the cream formulation. However, the concentration should be analyzed to not interfere with the stability of the product. The natural formulation developed is under the legal requirements of the National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring of Brazil (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária), presenting an efficient conservation system.

Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Cosmetic Cream Containing Oil from Lecythis pisonis Cambess (Sapucaia) Nuts.

Lecythis pisonis nuts are rich in tocopherols, polyphenols, and fatty acids, and hence, the quality of oil was analyzed for use in the elaboration of skin cream. Nut oil was extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus. The quality and safety of the oil were tested by using established protocols from Adolf Lutz Institute. Three concentrations, 1%, 5%, and 10%, of oil were incorporated into a formulated cream. The oil formulations were evaluated for their stability, organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, challenge test, cellular viability, and their response to microbial contamination, as recommended by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Quality analysis demonstrated the high quality of the obtained oil, with no traces of heavy metals and no toxic effects on ingestion. The cream containing L. pisonis nut oil is stable, has an effective preservative system, and is considered safe for use because it presented no toxicity in human cells. A stabilizer is required to maintain the pH in the range suitable for a body cream. Of the formulations tested, the cream containing 5% nut oil was the most stable and had presented the best organoleptic characteristics.

Phytochemical profile of genotypes of Euterpe edulis Martius - Juçara palm fruits.

Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis) has received attention due to its similarities to Euterpe oleracea (Açaí). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacities and chemopreventive activities of the fruit pulps of six populations of E. edulis (J1-J6) and one population of E. espiritosantense from different ecological regions. ESI(-)-FT-ICR-MS was used to evaluate the pulp composition. The varieties J1 and J4 presented higher polyphenol contents, while J2 and J5 showed higher anthocyanin contents. ESI-FT-ICR MS identified cyanidin-3-rutinoside (J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J7), protocatechuic acid, methylhydroxybenzoate hexoside and rutin (J1 to J7) and malvidin-glicoside (J2 to J5). The J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 samples inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The chemoprevention biomarker quinone reductase was significantly induced by J6. Pulp from plants J3, J4, J6 and J7 significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and J6 was selected as having the most potential for cultivation and consumption.

Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic-Based Microencapsulation Methods for Anthocyanin Preservation in Juçara Palm (Euterpe edulis Martius) Fruit Pulp.

The juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis Martius), native to the Atlantic Forest, are rich in anthocyanins. To preserve the anthocyanins in juçara fruit pulp, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulation by spray drying and freeze drying with maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 16.5 to 19.5) and gum arabic in different proportions. The obtained microparticles were characterized by quantifying the total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents, by performing differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy and by using scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphology of the particles. The total amount of polyphenols in the fruit pulp was 750 ± 16.7 mg GAE/100 g of the freeze-dried sample. The total anthocyanins in the fruit pulp was 181.25 ± 5.36 (mg/100 g). The microparticles were formed by employing maltodextrin and gum arabic in a 1:1 proportion as the polymeric matrix; the mixtures of pulp and polymeric matrix were prepared in proportions of 2:3 and 2:1, preserving up to 83.69% of the anthocyanin content. Lyophilization of the 2:1 mixture resulted in an anthocyanin content of 116.89 ± 4.43 (mg/100 g), whereas lyophilization of the 2:3 mixture resulted in 151.68 ± 1.39 (mg/100 g) anthocyanin content, which did not differ from the value obtained by spray drying the 2:3 mixture (150.76 ± 5.79 (mg/100 g)). Thermal analyses showed that the microparticles obtained by freeze drying at a ratio of 2:3 presented greater resistance to degradation with increasing temperature. The incorporation of the pulp in the polymeric matrix was demonstrated by IR analyses. Microparticles obtained by freeze drying showed the formation of various-sized flakes, whereas those obtained by spray drying were spherical in shape. Microencapsulation is a possible alternative for improving the stability of the anthocyanins in this fruit.

Microencapsulação de frutos de Musa cv. Vitória / Frutas microencapsulación de Musa cv. Vitória / Microencapsulation of fruits of Musa cv. Vitória

Introdução: Musa sp., Musaceae, conhecida como bananeira, abundante no Brasil sendo utilizada para fins alimentares. Objetivos: microencapsular extratos de frutos de Musa sp. visando o desenvolvimento de material-prima enriquecida de polifenóis para formulação de alimentos funcionais. Métodos: os frutos de Musa cv. Vitória foram fornecidos pelo Incaper (Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural). Empregou-se extrato hidroalcóolico acidificado de frutos de banana. Determinações de polifenóis totais, taninos e flavonoides foram realizadas por método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteau e complexação com cloreto de alumínio. A avaliação do potencial antioxidante foi realizada por ensaio de redução do radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Microencapsulação realizada com dois biopolímeros. Fez-se uma análise de conservação de fenólicos com os microencapsulados. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) e pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05). Resultados: a quantificação de fenólicos totais foi de 251,98 ± 0,1 mg/g de amostra e de taninos foi de 179,89 ± 0,01 mg/g de amostra. O teor de flavonoides totais foi abaixo do limite de quantificação. A atividade antioxidante por redução do radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl teve CI50 > 5 mg/mL. A quantificação inicial nas microcápsulas em goma arábica de polifenóis totais e apresentou-se maior quando comparada à maltodextrina. Após o armazenamento do material, 12 dias, a -5 ºC, a goma arábica preservou os polifenóis e taninos em comparação à maltodextrina. Conclusões: pode-se empregar o extrato Musa cv. para matéria-prima como fonte de fenólicos totais e taninos. Em comparação dos biopolímeros utilizados, demonstrou-se que a maltodextrina tem menor capacidade de conservação de fenólicos totais e taninos(AU)

Introducción: Musa sp., Musaceae, conocido como plátano, abundante en Brasil se utiliza para fines alimenticios. Objetivos: microencapsular extractos de frutas microencapsulado de Musa sp. para el desarrollo de la materia prima enriquecida con polifenoles para la formulación de los alimentos funcionales. Métodos: los frutos de Musa cv. Vitória fueron proporcionados por Incaper (Capixaba Instituto de Investigación, Asistencia Técnica y Extensión Rural), Espírito Santo, Brasil. Preparación del extracto hidroalcohólico acidificado de frutos de plátano verde. Determinación de polifenoles totales, taninos y flavonoides fueron realizadas por colorimétria de Folin-Ciocalteu y complejación con cloruro de aluminio. Se realizó la evaluación del potencial antioxidante mediante el ensayo de reducción radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo. La microencapsulación se realiza con dos biopolímeros. Hubo un análisis de la conservación fenólico con microencapsulado. Los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y las medias se compararon mediante la prueba de Tukey (p <0,05) y pela prueba de Mann-Whitney (p <0,05). Resultados: la cuantificación de fenoles totales fue 251,98 ± 0,1 mg/g de muestra y taninos fue 179,89 ± 0,01 mg/g de muestra. El contenido total de flavonoides estaba por debajo del límite de cuantificación. La actividad antioxidante por reducción radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo tenía IC50> 5 mg/mL. La cuantificación de los polifenoles totales y taninos que comienzan con el material microencapsulado acacia presentado sea mayor que con maltodextrina. Después del almacenamiento del material a -5 °C se cuantificó fenoles totales y taninos. La cuantificación de la maltodextrina ha demostrado una mayor pérdida de metabolitos. Conclusiones: se puede emplear el extracto de Musa cv. para materia-prima como fuente de fenoles totales y taninos. En biopolímeros de comparación utilizado, se demostró que la maltodextrina tiene una menor capacidad para preservar fenoles totales y taninos(AU)

Introduction: Musa sp., Musaceae, known as banana, abundant in Brazil being used for food purposes. Objectives: To microencapsulate fruit extracts of Musa cv. Vitória, for the development of raw material enriched with polyphenols for formulation of functional foods. Methods: The fruits of Musa cv. Vitória were provided by Incaper (Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension). We applied acidified hydroalcoholic extract of banana fruit. Determinations of total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids were performed by colorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu method and, complexation with aluminum chloride. Evaluation of antioxidant activity assay was performed by reduction of the radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Microencapsulation performed with two biopolymers. There was a phenolic analysis with conservation microencapsulated. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test and by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). Results: The quantification of total phenolics and tannins was 251.98 ± 0.1 mg / g sample and 179.89 ± 0.01 mg / g sample, respectively. The total flavonoid content was below the limit of quantification. The antioxidant activity by DPPH had IC50 > 5 mg / mL. The initial quantification in microcapsules in gum arabic total polyphenols and was higher compared to maltodextrin. After storage of the material 12 days, -5 °C, gum arabic preserved polyphenols and tannins compared to maltodextrin. Conclusion: Can use the Musa cv. extract for raw materials as a source of total phenolics and tannins. In comparison of biopolymers used, it was demonstrated that the maltodextrin has a lower retention capacity for total phenolics and tannins(AU)

Tratamento de gestação cervical viável com aplicação intra-amniótica de metotrexato: relato de um caso / Treatment of a viable cervical pregnancy with a single-intraamniotic methotrexate injection: a case report

Gestação cervical é uma condição rara, em que ocorre implantação do ovo no canal cervical distendendo-o à medida que cresce. Corresponde a menos de 1 por cento de todas as gestações ectópicas. A hemorragia indolor é sua característica clínica habitual e ao exame físico visualiza-se um colo hipertrófico e vascularizado, com tecido saindo pelo orifício externo do colo. Ultra-sonografia pode ser usada para complementar o diagnóstico, mostrando a presença do saco gestacional. Relatamos um caso de tratamento bem sucedido de gestação cervical viável de sete semanas. Morte fetal foi conseguida com uma injeção intra-amniótica única de metotrexato (25 mg) guiada por ultra-sonografia transvaginal. Metotrexato sistêmico em dose única intramuscular (50 mg/m²) foi associado. O tratamento conservador da gestação cervical com metotrexato foi efetivo e seguro.

Cervical pregnancy is a rare condition in which the egg is implanted in the cervical canal causing it to distend as the egg grows. Cervical pregnancy constitutes less than 1 percent of all ectopic pregnancies. Painless hemorrhage is a habitual clinical characteristic and on physical examination a very vascularized hypertrophic cervix is observed with a tissue surpassing the external orifice. Ultrasonography may be used as a complementary diagnostic tool to show directly the presence of a gestational sac. A successful management of a viable seven-week gestation cervical pregnancy is reported herein. Feticide was performed with a single intraamniotic methotrexate injection (25 mg) guided by transvaginal ultrasonography. Systemic methotrexate in a single dose intramuscular (50 mg/m²) was associated. The conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate was effective and safe.