Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content, and anticancer activity of novel rice bran (Tubtim Chumphae rice).

The objective of this research was to explore the phytochemicals in Tubtim Chumphae rice bran and determine their potential antioxidant and anticancer activities. The rice bran extract contained total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins as the major compounds. In addition, it exhibited the highest DPPH•, followed by ABTS•+, and FRAP radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of the extract on Hep G2, SW620, KATO-III, BT474, and ChaGo-K-1 cancer cell lines was investigated; the obtained IC50 values were 144.6 ± 0.39, 116.9 ± 0.68, 99.6 ± 0.10, 94.4 ± 0.33, and 25.6 ± 0.45 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the abovementioned results suggest that rice bran extract has potent anticancer activity owing to the induction of cell death in cancer cell lines.

Additive Effect of a Combination of Artocarpus lakoocha and Glycyrrhiza glabra Extracts on Tyrosinase Inhibition in Melanoma B16 Cells.

Artocarpus lakoocha (Al) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) extracts have been reported to show tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin pigment reduction. This is the first study to assess the combination of Al and Gg extracts in enhancing inhibition of tyrosinase and reduction of melanin pigments. Al and Gg extracted by maceration in 70% and 95% ethanol were analyzed for oxyresveratrol and glabridin using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Extracts of Al and Gg singly and combinations of Al95 and Gg95 were tested for cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and reduction of melanin pigments in melanoma B16 cells. Al95 had higher antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced more melanin pigments in B16 cells compared to Al70, and exhibited higher levels of oxyresveratrol. Gg95 inhibited oxidative stress and mushroom tyrosinase better than Gg70, and exhibited higher levels of glabridin. Combinations of Al95 and Gg95 at various ratios (concentration of 0.1 mg/mL) were not cytotoxic to B16 cells. Interestingly, Al95 and Gg95 combined at a ratio 9:1 reduced melanin pigment up to 53% in B16 cells. This combination of Al95 and Gg95 extracts exhibited the additive effect of reducing melanin pigments by suppressing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) in B16 cells. The combination of Al and Gg extracts could be developed as skin care products for hyperpigmentation treatment.