RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Methods for risk stratification of candidates for heart transplantation (HTx) supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited. We evaluated the reliability of the APACHE IV score to identify the risk of mortality in this patient subset in a multicenter study. METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2022, 167 consecutive ECMO patients were bridged to HTx; they were divided into two groups, according to a cutoff value of APACHE IV score, obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and compared through the log-Rank test. Cox regression model was used to estimate which factors were associated with survival. RESULTS: The 90-day mortality prediction of the APACHE IV score showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.94), with a cutoff value of 49 (specificity 91.7%-sensibility 69.6%). 125 patients (74.8%) showed an APACHE IV score value < 49 (Group A), and 42 (25.2%) ≥ 49 (Group B). 90-day mortality was 11.2% in Group A and 76.2% in Group B (p < 0.01). Survival at 1 and 5 years was 85.5%, 77% versus 23.4%, 23.4% (p < 0.01) in Groups A and B. Mortality correlated at univariable analysis with recipient age, body mass index, mechanical ventilation, APACHE IV score, and platelets number. At multivariable analysis only APACHE IV score (HR: 1.07 [1.05-1.09, 95% CI]) independently affected survival. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE IV score represents a powerful predictor of survival in patients bridged to HTx on ECMO support, and could guide candidacy of patients on ECMO.
Assuntos
APACHE , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Transplante de Coração/mortalidade , Feminino , Masculino , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seguimentos , Adulto , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We studied the incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), its impact on in-hospital and follow-up outcomes and searched for independent risk factors. METHODS: During an 18-year period, 508 individuals underwent heart transplantation at our institution. Patients were diagnosed with none, mild, moderate or severe PGD according to ISHLT criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (7.5%) met the ISHLT criteria for mild PGD, 92 (18.1%) for moderate PGD and 23 (4.5%) for severe PGD. Patients were classified into none/mild PGD (77.4%) and moderate/severe PGD (22.6%) groups. In-hospital mortality was 12.4% (7.8% for none/mild PGD and 28.7% for moderate/severe PGD; p < .001). Survival at 1, 5, and 15 years was 85.5 ± 1.9% versus 67.2 ± 4.5%, 80 ± 2.2% versus 63.5 ± 4.7%, and 60.4 ± 3.6% versus 45.9 ± 8.4%, respectively (p < .001). Excluding the events occurring during the first month of follow-up, survival was comparable between the two groups (93.1 ± 1.4% vs. 94.7 ± 2.6 at 1 year and 65.6 ± 3.8% vs. 70.4 ± 10.4% at 15 years, respectively; p = .88). Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis preoperative mechanical circulatory support (odds ratio [OR] = 5.86) and preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (OR = 9.58) were independently associated with moderate/severe PGD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that PGD is associated with poor in-hospital outcome. The poor outcome does not extend beyond the first month of follow-up, with comparable survival between patients with none/mild PGD and moderate/severe PGD in the short and long-term. Mechanical circulatory support and preoperative IABP were found to be independent risk factors for moderate/severe PGD.
Assuntos
Transplante de Coração , Coração Auxiliar , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Coração/métodos , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/epidemiologia , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is conflicting observational data on the survival benefit cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) in patients with LVADs. METHODS: Patients in whom an LVAD was implanted between January 2008 and April 2017 in the multinational Trans-Atlantic Registry on VAD and Transplant (TRAViATA) registry were separated into four groups based on the presence of CIED prior to LVAD implantation: none (n = 146), implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) (n = 239), cardiac resynchronization without defibrillator (CRT-P) (n = 28), and CRT with defibrillator (CRT-D) (n = 111). RESULTS: A total of 524 patients (age 52 years ±12, 84.4% male) were followed for 354 (interquartile range: 166-701) days. After multivariable adjustment, there were no differences in survival across the groups. In comparison to no device, only CRT-D was associated with late right ventricular failure (RVF) (hazard ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-5.72, p = 0.003). There was no difference in risk of early RVF across the groups or risk of ICD shocks between those with ICD and CRT-D. CONCLUSION: In a multinational registry of patients with LVADs, there were no differences in survival with respect to CIED subtype. However, patients with a pre-existing CRT-D had a higher likelihood of late RVF suggesting significant long-term morbidity in those with devices capable of LVlead pacing post LVAD implantation.
Assuntos
Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Coração Auxiliar , Eletrônica , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Geographic variations in management and outcomes of individuals supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) between the United States (US) and Europe (EU) is largely unknown. METHODS: We created a retrospective, multinational registry of 524 patients who received a CF-LVAD (either HVAD or Heartmate II) between January 2008 and April 2017. Follow up spanned from date of CF-LVAD implant to post-HTx period with a median follow up of 44.8 months. RESULTS: The cohort included 299 (57.1%) EU and 225 (42.9%) US patients. Although the US cohort was significantly older with a higher prevalence of comorbidities, survival was similar between the cohorts (US 63.1%, EU 68.4% at 5 years, unadjusted log-rank test p = 0.43).Multivariate analyses suggested that older age, higher body mass index, elevated creatinine, use of temporary mechanical circulatory support prior CF-LVAD, and implantation of HVAD were associated with increased mortality. Among CF-LVAD patients undergoing HTx, the median time on CF-LVAD support was shorter in the US, meanwhile US donors were younger. Finally, the pattern of adverse events (stroke, gastrointestinal bleedings, late right ventricular failure, and driveline infection) during support differed significantly between US and EU. CONCLUSIONS: Although waitlisted patients in the US on CF-LVAD have higher risk comorbid conditions, the overall outcome is similar in US and EU. Geographic variations with regards to donor characteristics, duration of CF-LVAD support prior to transplant, and adverse events on support can explain the disparity in the utilization of mechanical bridge to transplant strategy between US and EU.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Transplante de Coração , Coração Auxiliar , Idoso , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) face perioperative high mortality and morbidity, but extensive studies on this topic are lacking. METHODS: All adult patients with LC undergoing a CS procedure between 2000 and 2017 at 10 Italian Institutions were included in this retrospective cohort study. LC was classified according to preoperative Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Early-term and medium-term outcomes analysis was performed in the overall population and according to CTP classes. RESULTS: The study population included 144 patients (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 69% male). Ninety-eight, 20, and 26 patients were in CTP class A, in early CTP class B (MELD score <12), or advanced CTP class B (MELD score >12), respectively. The main LC etiologies were viral (43%) and alcoholic (36%). Liver-related clinical presentation (ascites, esophageal varices, and encephalopathy) and laboratory values (estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, and bilirubin, platelet count) significantly worsened across the CTP classes (P = .001). Coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery (87% bioprosthesis) were performed in 36% and 50%, respectively. Postoperative complications (especially acute kidney injury, liver complication, and length of stay) significantly worsened in advanced CTP class B (P = .001). Notably, observed mortality was 3-fold or 4-fold higher than the EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) II-predicted mortality, in the overall population, and in the subgroups. At Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1-year and 5-year cumulative survival in the overall population was 82% ± 3% and 77% ± 4%, respectively. The 5-year survival in CTP class A, early CTP class B, and advanced CTP class B was 72% ± 5%, 68% ± 11%, and 61% ± 10%, respectively (P = .238). CONCLUSIONS: CS outcomes in patients with LC are significantly affected in relation to the extent of preoperative liver dysfunction, but in early CTP classes, medium-term survival is acceptable. Further analysis are needed to better estimate the preoperative risk stratification of these patients.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Idoso , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: No data regarding the safety of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation in patients with previous MitraClip have been reported. Thus, it remains unknown whether an initial treatment strategy with MitraClip therapy might complicate future heart failure management in patients who are also considered for CF-LVAD. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 6 patients (median age of 62â¯years; 2 women) who had been treated with MitraClip, that were eventually implanted with a CF-LVAD (all Heartware HVAD) in 3 hospitals between 2013 and 2018. RESULTS: Patients were treated in 4 cases with 2 clips, and in 2 cases with 1 clip. Median time from MitraClip implantation to CF-LVAD implant was 282â¯days (interquartile range 67 to 493), and median time on CF-LVAD support was 401â¯days (interquartile range 105 to 492â¯days). Two patients underwent a heart transplant, 3 patients died on support, and 1 is alive on support. In all cases, there was a reduction of functional mitral regurgitation without MitraClip-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this small case series, implantation of a CF-LVAD appears safe in patients with a previously positioned MitraClip system, at least, with 1 or 2 clips in place, with no need for additional mitral valve surgery.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração Auxiliar , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/terapia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Idoso , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico , Desenho de Prótese , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Heritable thoracic aortic disease can result from null variants in MYLK, which encodes myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). Data on which MYLK missense variants are pathogenic and information to guide aortic disease management are limited. METHODS: Clinical data from 60 cases with MYLK pathogenic variants were analyzed (five null and two missense variants), and the effect of missense variants on kinase activity was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-three individuals (39%) experienced an aortic event (defined as aneurysm repair or dissection); the majority of these events (87%) were aortic dissections. Aortic diameters were minimally enlarged at the time of dissection in many cases. Time-to-aortic-event curves showed that missense pathogenic variant (PV) carriers have earlier-onset aortic events than null PV carriers. An MYLK missense variant segregated with aortic disease over five generations but decreases MYLK kinase acitivity marginally. Functional Assays fail to identify all pathogenic variants in MYLK. CONCLUSION: These data further define the aortic phenotype associated with MYLK pathogenic variants. Given minimal aortic enlargement before dissection, an alternative approach to guide the timing of aortic repair is proposed based on the probability of a dissection at a given age.
Assuntos
Doenças da Aorta/genética , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Testes Genéticos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Quinase de Cadeia Leve de Miosina/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica , Aorta/patologia , Aorta/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Doenças da Aorta/cirurgia , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , GravidezRESUMO
: Mycotic coronary aneurysm is a rare infective disease of arterial vessel walls. Their development could be linked to the presence of an infective endocarditis or could represent a primary infection at the site of an implanted intracoronary stent. Bacterial agents, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are the most common etiological agents. Due to an aspecific clinical presentation and examination, diagnosis could be challenging. Multiple imaging techniques (both invasive and noninvasive) are often required to reach the final diagnosis. Prognosis is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and, in fact, a tempestive treatment is required, although, to date, scanty data concerning the optimal treatment choice are present in literature.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Infectado/microbiologia , Aneurisma Coronário/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Aneurisma Infectado/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Infectado/mortalidade , Aneurisma Infectado/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Coronário/mortalidade , Aneurisma Coronário/terapia , Endocardite/microbiologia , Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/mortalidade , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Stents/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an established therapy to treat elderly patients affected by severe aortic stenosis, who are considered to be at high or extreme risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The transfemoral approach is contraindicated in patients with severe peripheral artery disease, small vessel size or severe tortuosity. In these patients, other vascular access routes such as transapical, subclavian or direct-aortic access may be considered. We describe the first case of a Medtronic Evolut R (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) implantation made through the brachial artery in a 75-year-old patient affected by severe aortic stenosis.
Assuntos
Artéria Braquial/cirurgia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/métodos , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous reports have suggested that despite their dramatic presentation, patients with fulminant myocarditis (FM) might have better outcome than those with acute nonfulminant myocarditis (NFM). In this retrospective study, we report outcome and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a large cohort of patients with FM compared with patients with NFM. METHODS: The study population consists of 187 consecutive patients admitted between May 2001 and November 2016 with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis (onset of symptoms <1 month) of whom 55 required inotropes and/or mechanical circulatory support (FM) and the remaining 132 were hemodynamically stable (NFM). We also performed a subanalysis in 130 adult patients with acute viral myocarditis and viral prodrome within 2 weeks from the onset, which includes 34 with FM and 96 with NFM. Patients with giant-cell myocarditis, eosinophilic myocarditis, or cardiac sarcoidosis and those <15 years of age were excluded from the subanalysis. RESULTS: In the whole population (n=187), the rate of in-hospital death or heart transplantation was 25.5% versus 0% in FM versus NFM, respectively (P<0.0001). Long-term heart transplantation-free survival at 9 years was lower in FM than NFM (64.5% versus 100%, log-rank P<0.0001). Despite greater improvement in LVEF during hospitalization in FM versus NFM forms (median, 32% [interquartile range, 20%-40%] versus 3% [0%-10%], respectively; P<0.0001), the proportion of patients with LVEF <55% at last follow-up was higher in FM versus NFM (29% versus 9%; relative risk, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-7.64, P=0.003). Similar results for survival and changes in LVEF in FM versus NFM were observed in the subgroup (n=130) with viral myocarditis. None of the patients with NFM and LVEF ≥55% at discharge had a significant decrease in LVEF at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FM have an increased mortality and need for heart transplantation compared with those with NFM. From a functional viewpoint, patients with FM have a more severely impaired LVEF at admission that, despite steep improvement during hospitalization, remains lower than that in patients with NFM at long-term follow-up. These findings also hold true when only the viral forms are considered and are different from previous studies showing better prognosis in FM.
Assuntos
Miocardite/diagnóstico , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante de Coração , Coração Auxiliar , Hemodinâmica , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Miocardite/mortalidade , Miocardite/terapia , Miocárdio/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been designed to treat older patients affected by severe aortic stenosis who are considered high-risk surgical candidates because of multiple comorbidities. The least invasive approach for transcatheter aortic valves implantation should be considered the transfemoral retrograde route, because it is minimally invasive and is feasible with local anesthesia and mild sedation. Despite significant technical improvements in recent years, the transfemoral approach is contraindicated in cases of severe peripheral artery disease. We describe the first case of a Portico transcatheter aortic valve implantation system (St. Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN) made through the distal axillary artery in a 90-year-old patient affected by severe aortic stenosis.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Desenho de Prótese , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/métodos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artéria Axilar , Bioprótese , Feminino , Seguimentos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) is a disease that has a catastrophic impact on a patient's life. Although refinements in perioperative and surgical care have translated into improved outcomes for patients affected by AADA, hospital mortality after surgery still remains very high, ranging from 15% to 30%. The management of AADA is complex and dictated by the modality of presentation, extent and location of the disease. Attempts to formulate consensus statements and relevant guidelines have identified significant gaps in the AADA knowledge with reference to pathogenesis, appropriate management and configuration for clinical services. Several international registries have been created to generate an evidence base that can address current and future management. In this context, the extensive use of surgical/hybrid approaches in treating AADA should be encouraged as well as more extensive interventions to replace the entire dissected aortic root and aortic arch tissues. In addition, the excellent outcome results recently achieved by high-volume surgical centers with focused expertise in AADA pointed out the need for regionalized super-centers offering specific multidisciplinary aortic surgery programs with dedicated high-specialized surgeons.
Assuntos
Aorta/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Doença Aguda , Dissecção Aórtica/mortalidade , Aorta/patologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart disease has an impact on patient's identity and self-perception. Taking into account the wide literature about psychological aspects before and after heart transplant, it clearly emerges that there is a lack of data and results for patients up to implantation of ventricular assist devices (VAD). The aim of the present study was to explore quality of life and factors correlated with psychological adjustment in patients supported with VAD. METHODS: From February 2013 to August 2014, 18 patients (17 male, mean age 57 years) under clinical evaluation before and after VAD implantation were enrolled. During interviews, patients were assessed with EuroQoL-5D questionnaire to monitor improvement of quality of life before implantation and at 3 and 6 months; critical issues, needs and point of views of patients have been described. RESULTS: A significant improvement in the quality of life score was observed at 3 (score 38 [interquartile range 30-40] vs 75 [60-80], p<0.05) and 6 months (38 [30-40] vs 70 [60-80], p<0.05). Overall, patients' psychological state investigated by the test showed a clear and positive trend. All patients need to empower through complete information about the device, related risks and life expectancy. Interdisciplinary approach improved compliance with therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment and efficient psychological care are closely related to assessment and continuous clinical support. This approach ensures a better selection of patients and improves their compliance. Further data are needed to support our preliminary observations and to explore long-term quality of life.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias/psicologia , Coração Auxiliar/psicologia , Humanos , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Transcatheter aortic valves have been designed to treat high-risk surgical candidates affected by severe aortic stenosis, but little is known about the use of transcatheter valves in patients with severe pure aortic regurgitation. We describe the implantation of Medtronic CoreValve Evolut R (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) to treat an 82-year-old patient affected by severe pure aortic regurgitation who underwent prior mitral valve replacement with a biological valve protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract.
Assuntos
Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/terapia , Bioprótese , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/terapia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In Europe, the age of heart donors is constantly increasing. Ageing of heart donors limits the probability of success of heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) treated with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) with indication as bridge to transplantation (BTT) or bridge to candidacy (BTC) versus recipients of HTx with the donor's age above 55 years (HTx with donors >55 years). METHODS: we prospectively evaluated 301 consecutive patients with advanced HF treated with a CF-LVAD (n = 83) or HTx without prior bridging (n = 218) in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2015. We compared the outcome of CF-LVAD-BTT (n = 37) versus HTx with donors >55 years (n = 45) and the outcome of CF-LVAD-BTT plus BTC (n = 62) versus HTx with donors >55 years at the 1- and 2-year follow-up. Survival was evaluated according to the first operation. RESULTS: The perioperative (30-day) mortality rate was 0% in the LVAD-BTT group vs 20% (n = 9) in the HTx group with donors >55 years (P = 0.003). Perioperative mortality occurred in 5% of the LVAD-BTT/BTC patients (n = 3) and in 20% of the HTx with donors >55 year group (P = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier curves estimated a 2-year survival rate of 94.6% in CF-LVAD-BTT vs 68.9% in HTx with donors >55 years [age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.81; P = 0.02 in favour of CF-LVAD]. Considering the post-HTx outcome, a trend in favour of CF-LVAD-BTT was also observed (age- and sex-adjusted HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.17-1.16; P = 0.09 in favour of CF-LVAD), whereas CF-LVAD-BTT/BTC showed a similar survival at 2 years compared with HTx with donors >55 years, both censoring the follow-up at the time of HTx and considering the post-HTx outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early and mid-term outcomes of patients treated with a CF-LVAD with BTT indication seem better than HTx with old donors. It must be emphasized that up to 19% of patients in the CF-LVAD/BTT group underwent transplantation in an urgent condition due to complications related to the LVAD. At the 2-year follow-up, CF-LVAD with BTT and BTC indications have similar outcome than HTx using old heart donors. These results must be confirmed in a larger and multicentre population and extending the follow-up.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração/métodos , Doadores de Tecidos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
There is a paucity of data about mid-term outcome of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) treated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in Europe, where donor shortage and their aging limit the availability and the probability of success of heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of this study is to compare Italian single-centre mid-term outcome in prospective patients treated with LVAD vs. HTx. We evaluated 213 consecutive patients with advanced HF who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implant or HTx from 1/2006 to 2/2012, with complete follow-up at 1 year (3/2013). We compared outcome in patients who received a LVAD (n = 49) with those who underwent HTx (n = 164) and in matched groups of 39 LVAD and 39 HTx patients. Patients that were treated with LVAD had a worse risk profile in comparison with HTx patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves estimated a one-year survival of 75.5 % in LVAD vs. 82.3 % in HTx patients, a difference that was non-statistically significant [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.74-2.86; p = 0.27 for LVAD vs. HTx]. After group matching 1-year survival was similar between LVAD (76.9 %) and HTx (79.5 %; HR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.44-2.98; p = 0.78). Concordant data was observed at 2-year follow-up. Patients treated with LVAD as bridge-to-transplant indication (n = 22) showed a non significant better outcome compared with HTx with a 95.5 and 90.9 % survival, at 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. Despite worse preoperative conditions, survival is not significantly lower after LVAD than after HTx at 2-year follow-up. Given the scarce number of donors for HTx, LVAD therapy represents a valid option, potentially affecting the current allocation strategy of heart donors also in Europe.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Transplante de Coração , Coração Auxiliar , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Coração/mortalidade , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Itália , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Despite substantial progress in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the treatment and long-term follow-up of type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) still remain a major challenge. The objective of this retrospective, multicentre study was to assess in a large series of patients the early and long-term results after surgery for type A AAD. METHODS: We analysed the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative conditions of 1.148 consecutive patients surgically treated in seven large referral centres from 1981 to 2013. We applied to each patient three different multi-parameter risk profiles (preadmission risk, admission risk and post-surgery risk) in order to compare risk factors and outcome. Long-term Kaplan-Meier survival was evaluated. RESULTS: The median age was 64 years and the male population was predominant (66%). Identified diagnosis of collagen disease was present in 9%, and Marfan syndrome in 5%. Bicuspid aortic valve was present in 69 patients (6%). Previous cardiac surgery was identified in 10% of the patients. During surgery, the native aortic valve was preserved in 72% of the cases, including leaflet resuspension in 23% and David operation in 1.2%. Considering aortic valve replacement (AVR: 28%), bioprosthesis implantation was performed in 14.7% of the subjects. Neurological impairment at discharge was shown in 23% of the cases among which 21% of patients had new neurological impairment versus preoperative conditions. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 25.7%. All risk profiles remained independently associated with in-hospital mortality. During the available follow-up of hospital survivors (median: 70 months, interquartile range: 34-113, maximum: 396), cardiac-related death occurred in 7.9% of the subjects. The cumulative survival rate for cardiac death was 95.3% at 5 years, 92.8% at 10 years and 52.8% at 20 years. Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) (grade 3-4) at the time of surgery showed to be a significant risk factor for reintervention during the follow-up (P < 0.001). Among risk profiles, only the preadmission risk was independently associated with late mortality after multivariate analysis. Unexpectedly, there was no difference in freedom from cardiac death between patients with and without AVR. CONCLUSIONS: Although surgery for type A has remained challenging over more than three decades, there is a positive trend in terms of hospital mortality and long-term follow-up. About 90% of patients were free from reoperation in the long term, although late AR remains a critical issue, suggesting that a thorough debate on surgical options, assessment and results of a conservative approach should be considered.