Single center experience with salvage surgery for chronic pelvic sepsis.

Chronic pelvic sepsis eventually requires salvage surgery in half of all patients. The goal of surgery is to resolve pelvic inflammation while restoring intestinal continuity. Our salvage procedure achieves this by bringing a healthy conduit into the pelvis and creating an anastomosis beyond the source of sepsis. We aimed to review our single center experience with this procedure for the treatment of chronic pelvic sepsis. All patients requiring the procedure from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database. Morbidity and mortality were evaluated, and restoration of bowel continuity at 1-year rate was the endpoint. Twenty patients were included. The main indication was pelvic sepsis after anastomotic leak (AL). The median age was 60 (42-86) years and the median BMI was 26 (18-37) kg/m2. The median time carrying a stoma before the intervention was 15 months, and median time to intervention was 32 months. All patients had a diverting stoma. There were no death and overall morbidity reached 60%, and AL rate was 10%. At 1 year, 70% of the patients had their intestinal continuity restored. In expert hands, salvage surgery for chronic pelvic sepsis has acceptable morbidity rates, an acceptable rate of AL, and a bowel restoration success rate 70% at 1 year, and is a valuable option for patients failing conservative treatment.

Central Venous Pressure Drop After Hypovolemic Phlebotomy is a Strong Independent Predictor of Intraoperative Blood Loss During Liver Resection.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative hypovolemic phlebotomy (HP) has been suggested to reduce central venous pressure (CVP) before hepatectomy. This study aimed to analyze the impact of CVP drop after HP on intraoperative blood loss and postoperative renal function. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospective database including 100 consecutive patients (43 males and 57 females; mean age, 65 years; range 23-89 years) undergoing liver resection with HP was performed. The primary outcome variable was estimated blood loss (EBL), and the secondary outcome was postoperative serum creatinin (Scr). A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of intraoperative blood loss. RESULTS: The median CVP before blood salvage was 8 mmHg (range 4-30 mmHg). The median volume of hypovolemic phlebotomy was 400 ml (range 200-1000 ml). After HP, CVP decreased to a median of 3 mmHg (range -2 to 16 mmHg), resulting in a median CVP drop of 5.5 mmHg (range 2-14 mmHg). The median EBL during liver resection was 165 ml (range 0-800 ml). The median preoperative serum creatinin (Scr) was 0.82 g/dl (range 0.5-1.74 g/dl), and the postoperative Scr on day 1 was 0.74 g/dl (range 0.44-1.68 g/dl). The CVP drop was associated with EBL (P < 0.001). There was no significant impact of CVP drop on postoperative Scr. CONCLUSION: A CVP drop after HP is a strong independent predictor of EBL during liver resection. The authors advocate the routine use of HP to reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion rates in liver surgery. As a predictive tool, CVP drop might help surgeons decide whether a laparoscopic approach is safe.

Impact of tumor chronology and tumor biology on lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

SYNOPSIS: The significance of nodal metastasis in breast cancer is under discussion. We investigated the impact of variables of tumor chronology and tumor biology on the presence of lymph node metastases. PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement is the main prognostic factor in breast cancer. However, it is under discussion whether nodal metastasis in breast cancer only reflects the chronological age of the tumor or whether it is also a marker of tumor biology. The goal of our study was to investigate the impact of variables of tumor chronology and biology on the presence of lymph node metastases. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 3002 patients with an early invasive breast carcinoma. All patients underwent primary surgery at the University Hospitals Leuven between 2001 and 2009. First, the impact of tumor size on the presence of lymph node metastasis was evaluated as the chronological age of a tumor is supposed to be reflected in its size. Next, the impact of tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion and the hormone receptor status, which are all variables of tumor biology, was studied. Logistic regression analyses were performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated as a measure of discrimination between logistic regression models. RESULTS: Using pathological tumor size the AUC of prediction was 0.67. Based on variables of tumor biology, axillary lymph node positivity could be predicted with an AUC of 0.68. Combining variables of tumor chronology and biology an AUC of 0.74 for the prediction of axillary lymph node (ALN) positivity was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data variables of tumor chronology and tumor biology have a similar impact on the presence of lymph node metastasis.

Hereditary multiple exostosis.

Hereditary multiple exostosis is an intriguing genetic condition with a clinical impact in the field of orthopaedics, paediatrics and oncology. In this review we highlight the current knowledge about this condition from a clinical and scientific point of view. This gives us more insight into the molecular mechanisms and current models on which therapeutic agents are based. It allows for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of this complex condition. There is currently no exact pathological model that can accurately describe all the findings in the research on Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Promising treatments with blocking agents are currently under investigation.