[Application of a clinical pathway for the treatment of transient ischaemic attacks: implementation strategies and appraisal at two years]. / Aplicación de una vía clínica para el tratamiento del accidente isquémico transitorio: estrategias de implantación y evaluación a los dos años.

INTRODUCTION: Management of cerebral vascular pathologies by means of clinical pathways allows us to make cost effective use of resources, to enhance health care quality and to obtain a greater degree of satisfaction in patients. AIMS: To assess the efficiency of applying a clinical pathway designed for the treatment of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) by monitoring a series of indicators that enable us to detect existing problems, to introduce any corrections that are needed and to draw conclusions that can be useful in the future. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To this end, a clinical pathway was drawn up with the general agreement of the members of our service and the different professionals involved in caring for these patients. Analyses were performed to study the data from 1998 to 2001, prior to implementation of the pathway, and from 2002 and 2003, which were the first years in which it was being applied. Altogether 1,433 patients with a diagnosis of TIA were hospitalised during this period, 554 of whom were admitted during the years 2002 and 2003. RESULTS: Of this group, the pathway was initially applied in 123 cases and 62 completed it. The mean stay in hospital was reduced from 9.2 days in 2000 to 5.7 days in 2003. The mean stay of patients who fulfilled all the requirements of the pathway was only 2.9 days. As far as the survey on satisfaction is concerned, 97% of patients said they were satisfied or very satisfied with the care they had received. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a clinical pathway in the treatment of TIA resulted in a high degree of satisfaction among the patients who were treated and a notable reduction in the mean stay in hospital.

[Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in ischemic vascular disease]. / Polimorfismo C677T del gen de la metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) en la patología isquémica vascular.

AIM: Genetic and metabolism of C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation and its relationship with ischemic vascular disease are revised. DEVELOPMENT: Homocygotes for C677T MTHFR mutation, 10-15% of general population, develop a thermolabil variant of the MTHFR enzyme which has a reduced functional activity. Because of this lower activity, is more likely for these patients to have mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a potential vascular risk factor, through their lives. A correct intake of folates and group B vitamins can help to compensate this genetic trend caused by the mutation. CONCLUSION: Molecular finding of C677T MTHFR mutation allow us to identify a part of population with a potential risk factor for ischemic vascular disease, with the advantage that is an easily revertible factor by modulation of the diet.

[Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation among patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease in Aragon]. / Prevalencia de la mutación C677T del gen de la metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa en pacientes con patología isquémica cerebrovascular aguda en la Comunidad Autónoma Aragonesa.

BACKGROUND: Mutation C677T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the main cause of mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a recognized risk factor for aterothrombosis. MTHFR C677T patients have higher levels of homocysteine in absence of dietary folates. METHODS: Retrospective study over data from patients studied for MTHFR C677T diagnosed of ischemic stroke (IS) younger 50 or older 50 without classic vascular risk factors or with familiar or personal history suggesting thrombophilia in a period of 3 years. MTHFR C677T was screened in 90 healthy blood donors as a control group. Computer database was used for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Blood samples from 99 patients and from 90 donors (control). Mean age: 44.3 with Standard deviation (SD) 13.9 years in IS group and 39.1 with SD 8.3 years in control group. We found 19 (19.19%) homozygotes for MTHFR C677T in IS group and 14 (15.55%) in control group. CONCLUSIONS: Homozygosis for MTHFR C667T is more frequent in the IS group than in the control one, although there is no significant differences. Anyway, we suggest that, because of the high prevalence of the mutation MTHFR C677T found, screening should be made in the thombophilia studies, so that we could find patients with a risk factor that could be lowered by folates in the diet.

[Therapeutic benefits of monotherapy with lamotrigine]. / Beneficio terapéutico de la monoterapia con lamotrigina.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the overall therapeutic benefit (effect on seizures and quality of life) in 100 patients, aged 14-89 years, treated with lamotrigine (LTG) as primary (25) or secondary (75) monotherapy, followed up for between one and six years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients were selected for treatment, under open observation, and not randomized at all. Thirty patients suffered from generalized seizures and 70 from partial crises, with progression to generalized tonic-clonic crises in 36 cases. The usual LTG serum level when bi-therapy was used was 2 to 4 mg and was similar with monotherapy. The predominant dosage of LTG (100 to 200 mg) was similar for monotherapy and for bi-therapy in those treated with valproate, as compared with 200-400 mg in most of those in whom the associated drug was carbamazepine (24), phenobarbital (14), phenytoin (6) or other drug, with a considerable reduction in dose (of 100 mg to 250 mg) when they were treated by monotherapy instead. RESULTS: Overall therapeutic benefit was obtained in 79 cases, partly due to suppression or reduction of the seisures, or maintenance free of them, but mainly due to correction of the side-effects, especially somnolence, attention disorders, obesity, tremor, ataxia, reduced global productivity, hyperlipidaemia and liver enzyme changes. CONCLUSION: Lamotrigine was more effective and better tolerated in smaller doses as monotherapy, and better than other drugs in reference to quality of life, especially by the supression of side-effects, demonstrating that it is valuable in obtaining overall improvement of the disease and its consequences.