The supporting role of the teres major muscle, an additional component in glenohumeral stability? An anatomical and radiological study.

Muscle coordination plays an important role in glenohumeral stability. The rotator cuff and the long head of the biceps are considered the primary dynamic stabilizers muscles. However, the fact that a subgroup of patients with a massive tear in the rotator cuff were able to keep a normal function, should make us question this traditional view. We hypothesize that the teres major which is also a monoarticular scapulohumeral muscle, although it is not part of the conjoined tendon of the rotator cuff, can play a role in glenohumeral stability by a direct support of the humeral head generated by the particular posteroanterior location of this muscle under the humeral head and which, as far as we know, has not been written up previously. This particular effect could appear while the arm is being lifted and the humeral head could be leaning on against the teres major muscle belly underneath it. An anatomical a radiological study was carried out to substantiate our hypothesis. Two cadaver specimens were used for the anatomical study. Frist body was studied through conventional dissection. The second body was analysed through sectional anatomy. Then a radiological study was carried out using magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy male volunteer. Both anatomically and radiologically, the anteroinferior surface of the humeral head was showed firmly resting against the muscle belly of the teres major, to the point of misshaping it from 110 degrees of arm elevation with external rotation. The specific contribution of this effect to the glenohumeral stability needs to be confirmed by further studies and can help us to prevent the high incidence of glenohumeral dislocations.

Long-term Prognosis After Lung Transplantation: A Monocentric Study in 510 Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Lung transplantation is the final treatment option in patients with respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with the management of complications is high despite advances. Postoperative complications include acute transplant rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans, and infections. Because of that, the success of this treatment option depends on the correct choice of donor and candidates to receive a transplant. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to perform a survival analysis of transplanted patients in our center and determine predictive variables of mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective assessment of data collected from 510 patients at the Hospital University Reina Sofía from October 1993 to December 31, 2016. Patients who were retransplanted were excluded. We collected data regarding basal characteristics of the donors and candidates to receive a transplant. We analyzed the impact in terms of future survival of basal variables from donor and donor recipients. RESULTS: Five hundred ten patients were included (average age 44 ± 17 years, 69% male), with a maximum follow-up period of 21.6 years (average follow-up 4.52 years, interquartile ratio: 0.13 to 6.97 years). Two hundred twenty-seven patients died (54.3% of the total amount). The influence of donor's basal characteristics on mortality was analyzed; moreover, the relationship between basal variables and survival were analyzed using univariate analysis. Available variables were analyzed through multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Lung transplantation is a treatment option with an acceptable risk of morbidity and mortality. Increased awareness of features of evolution could help to reduce postoperative complications.

Diagnosing neuroleukemiosis: Is there a role for 18F-FDG-PET/CT?

An imaging case is presented on a patient referred to our department for an 18F-FDG-PET/CT, as a paraneoplastic syndrome was suspected due to his clinical situation. He had a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated two years earlier, with sustained complete remission to date. 18F-FDG-PET/CT findings revealed hypermetabolism in almost all nerve roots, suggesting meningeal spread, consistent with the subsequent MRI findings. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings confirmed a leptomeningeal reactivation of AML. Although not many studies have evaluated the role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in leukemia, it is a noninvasive tool for detecting extramedullary sites of disease and a good imaging alternative for those patients on whom an MRI cannot be performed.

Rheumatic diseases of the spine: imaging diagnosis. / Enfermedades reumatológicas en la columna vertebral: diagnóstico radiológico.

Spinal involvement is common both in the spondyloarthritides and in rheumatoid arthritis, in which the cervical segment is selectively affected. Rheumatoid involvement of the cervical spine has characteristic radiologic manifestations, fundamentally different patterns of atlantoaxial instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique of choice for evaluating the possible repercussions of atlantoaxial instability on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as for evaluating parameters indicative of active inflammation, such as bone edema and synovitis. Axial involvement is characteristic in the spondyloarthritides and has distinctive manifestations on plain-film X-rays, which reflect destructive and reparative phenomena. The use of MRI has changed the conception of spondyloarthritis because it is able to directly detect the inflammatory changes that form part of the disease, making it possible to establish the diagnosis early in the disease process, when plain-film X-ray findings are normal (non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis), to assess the prognosis of the disease, and to contribute to treatment planning.

[Celedonio Calatayud-Costa and the birth of the specialty, the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology, and the journal: the beginning of a century of Spanish radiology]. / Celedonio Calatayud Costa y el nacimiento de la especialidad, la Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica y la revista: el comienzo de un siglo de Radiología española.

Dr. Celedonio Calatayud-Costa, an eminent Spanish radiologist, electrical engineer, researcher, and co-founder of the Spanish Society of Electrical Engineering and Medical Radiology, was also the founder of the Spanish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Medical Radiology. The journal, the first journal dedicated specifically to the incipient specialty of electrology, from which radiology would later develop, was the official publication of that primordial Society, and was thus the first antecessor of Radiología, which is today the official journal of the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology. This article analyzes the figure of Dr. Calatayud, based on the scant information available about him, in the centennial of the publication of his journal. Criticized by some and eulogized by others, knowledge about this controversial figure is essential to any understanding of the beginnings of the specialty and its scientific publication in Spain.