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1.
Ambio ; 53(10): 1433-1453, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38795281

RESUMO

Living with wildfires in an era of climate change requires adaptation and weaving together many forms of knowledge. Empirical evidence of knowledge co-production in wildfire management is lacking in Mediterranean European areas. We explored how local ecological knowledge can be leveraged to reduce wildfire risk through an adaptation pathways process in the Montseny massif and wider Tordera River watershed of Catalonia, Spain: an area stewarded through forestry and agriculture, tourism, nature conservation, and fire management. We combined different methods (e.g., a timeline and Three Horizons framework) throughout three workshops with agents of change to co-create adaptation pathways to reduce wildfire risk, integrating a historical perspective of the landscape while envisioning desirable futures. Our results showed that local ecological knowledge and other soft adaptation strategies contribute to innovative sustainable development initiatives that can also mitigate wildfire risk. The adaptation pathways approach holds much potential to inform local policies and support wildfire-based community initiatives in diverse contexts.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Incêndios Florestais , Espanha , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Agricultura Florestal/métodos , Mudança Climática , Ecologia
2.
Front Plant Sci ; 14: 1145625, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37152171

RESUMO

Introduction: Citrus productivity has been decreasing in the last decade in the Mediterranean basin as a consequence of climate change and the high levels of salinity found in the aquifers. Citrus varieties are cultivated grafted onto a rootstock, which has been reported as responsible for plant tolerance to adverse situations. However, other important factors for stress tolerance relying in the scion have been less studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the grafted scion on citrus tolerance to salt stress. Methods: Four different citrus rootstock/scion combinations were subjected to salt stress for 30 days, using Carrizo citrange (CC) or Citrus macrophylla (CM) as rootstocks, and Navelina orange (NA) or Oronules mandarin (OR) as scions. CM-OR was the most tolerant combination, whereas CC-NA was the most sensitive one. Results and discussion: Our results support the idea that the rootstock plays an important role in salt stress tolerance, but scion is also crucial. Thus, photosynthesis and transpiration, processes regulated by abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, are determinant of plant performance. These photosynthetic parameters were not affected in plants of the salt-tolerant combination CM-OR, probably due to the lower intoxication with Cl- ions, allowing a better performance of the photosynthetic machinery under stress conditions. The different stomatal density of the two citrus scions used in this work (higher in the sensitive NA in comparison to the tolerant OR) also contributes to the different tolerance of the grafted plants to this adverse condition. Additionally, CsDTX35.1 and CsDTX35.2, genes codifying for Cl- tonoplast transporters, were exclusively overexpressed in plants of the salt-tolerant combination CM-OR, suggesting that these transporters involved in Cl- compartmentalization could be crucial for salt stress tolerance. It is concluded that to improve citrus tolerance to high salinity, it is important that scions have a versatile photosynthetic system, an adequate stomatal density, and a proper modulation of genes coding for Cl- transporters in the tonoplast.

3.
Eur J Nutr ; 62(2): 833-845, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36280613

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has components with emulsifier properties that could affect the provision of substrates to the brain. We evaluated the effects of MFGM plus milk fat addition to infant formulas on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) availability and gut development. METHODS: In Experiment 1, suckling piglets were divided into 3 groups: Group L1 (n = 8): fed with a vegetal fat formula with palm oil; L2 (n = 8): canola oil formula and L3 (n = 8): milk fat + canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM of total protein content). In Experiment 2, Group L4 (n = 7): fed with canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM) and Group L5 (n = 5): milk fat + canola oil + 2% Lacprodan (6% MFGM). All formulas contained 0.2% DHA and 0.2% arachidonic acid. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, DHA was similar among the groups in both total fatty acids and plasma phospholipids (PL). However, 3% MFGM (L3) increased significantly the proportion of DHA and LC-PUFA n-3 in liver total fatty acids, jejunum, and also in jejunum PL respect to the other formulas. There were no changes in gut histology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or brain DHA content. In Experiment 2, higher MFGM dose was used. Then, higher DHA was not only found in peripheral tissues of 6% MFGM (L5) piglets but also in plasma PL, while a similar trend was observed in cortex PL (p = 0.123). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, MFGM plus milk fat may increase DHA availability of infant formulas which could contribute to their beneficial health effects.


Assuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos , Fórmulas Infantis , Animais , Suínos , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Óleo de Brassica napus , Ácidos Graxos , Fosfolipídeos
4.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 78(17): 1682-1699, 2021 10 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34674813

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of genetic variants in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is unsettled. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to assess the prognostic impact of disease-causing genetic variants in DCM. METHODS: Baseline and longitudinal clinical data from 1,005 genotyped DCM probands were retrospectively collected at 20 centers. A total of 372 (37%) patients had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (genotype positive) and 633 (63%) were genotype negative. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary endpoints were end-stage heart failure (ESHF), malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA), and left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.04 years (interquartile range: 1.70-7.50 years), the primary endpoint had occurred in 118 (31.7%) patients in the genotype-positive group and in 125 (19.8%) patients in the genotype-negative group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.94; P = 0.001). ESHF occurred in 60 (16.1%) genotype-positive patients and in 55 (8.7%) genotype-negative patients (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.16-2.41; P = 0.006). MVA occurred in 73 (19.6%) genotype-positive patients and in 77 (12.2%) genotype-negative patients (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.09-2.07; P = 0.013). LVRR occurred in 39.6% in the genotype-positive group and in 46.2% in the genotype-negative group (P = 0.047). Among individuals with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, genotype-positive patients exhibited more major adverse cardiovascular events, ESHF, and MVA than their genotype-negative peers (all P < 0.02). LVRR and clinical outcomes varied depending on the underlying affected gene. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, DCM patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants had worse prognosis than genotype-negative individuals. Clinical course differed depending on the underlying affected gene.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/genética , Variação Genética , Insuficiência Cardíaca/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Ventrículos do Coração , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Volume Sistólico/genética , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Remodelação Ventricular
5.
Nutrients ; 13(4)2021 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33920232

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal products containing the original Age-Related Eye Disease group (AREDS) formulation at doses approved in Europe (EU, control group; n = 59) with a product that adds DHA, lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol to the formula (intervention group; n = 50). This was a multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded trial conducted in patients aged 50 years or older diagnosed with unilateral exudative Age related Macular Degeneration AMD. At month 12, the intervention did not have a significant differential effect on visual acuity compared with the control group, with an estimated treatment difference in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) of -1.63 (95% CI -0.83 to 4.09; p = 0.192). The intervention exhibited a significant and, in most cases, relevant effect in terms of a reduction in some inflammatory cytokines and a greater improvement in the fatty acid profile and serum lutein and zeaxantin concentration. In patients with unilateral wet AMD, the addition of lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and DHA to the AREDS EU recommended doses in the short-term did not have a differential effect on visual acuity compared to a standard AREDS EU formula but, in addition to improving the fatty acid profile and increasing carotenoid serum levels, may provide a beneficial effect in improving the proinflammatory and proangiogenic profile of patients with AMD.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Degeneração Macular/dietoterapia , Nutrientes/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Luteína/efeitos adversos , Degeneração Macular/sangue , Degeneração Macular/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nutrientes/efeitos adversos , Álcool Feniletílico/administração & dosagem , Álcool Feniletílico/efeitos adversos , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Resveratrol/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual , Xantofilas/administração & dosagem , Zeaxantinas/administração & dosagem , Zeaxantinas/efeitos adversos
6.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 40(5): 1085-1089, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33211224

RESUMO

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The aim of this prospective observational study is to describe the epidemiology of AGE in closed and semi-closed institutions in Catalonia. In 2017, 151 outbreaks were reported; 30.5% occurred in closed and semi-closed institutions; 71.7% caused by norovirus (NoV) (1532) cases. Person-to-person transmission accounted for 75.8% of NoV outbreaks vs 46.1% in non-NoV outbreaks (p < 0.001). Attack rate for NoV outbreaks was 33.1% vs 14.3% for non-NoV outbreaks (RR = 2.3; 95%CI: 2.0-2.7). The high number of affected underscores prompt and intense preventive measures to avoid the extension and perpetuation of outbreaks in these settings.


Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus , Casas de Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Mol Genet Genomic Med ; 8(8): e1304, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32530140

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) type I is a group of rare disorders caused by recessive mutations in up to 25 genes that impair the N-glycan precursor formation and its transfer to proteins resulting in hypoglycosylation of multiple proteins. Congenital disorder of glycosylation causes multisystem defects usually with psychomotor delay that is diagnosed in the infancy. We aim to supply further evidences supporting that CDG may be underestimated. METHODS: Antithrombin and factor XI were studied by chromogenic and coagulometric methods. Hypoglycosylation of plasma proteins was evaluated by western blot, HPLC, Q-TOF, and RP-LC-MRM-MS. Genetic analysis included whole exome, Sanger sequencing, and PCR-allele specific assay. RESULTS: We here present an intriguing patient with an exceptional phenotype: 25-year-old women with a ventricular septal defect and severe idiopathic scoliosis but no facial dysmorphism, who dances as a professional, and has a University degree. Congenital disorder of glycosylation diagnosis started through the identification of antithrombin deficiency without SERPINC1 defect and the detection of hypoglycosylated forms. Increased levels of hypoglycosylated forms of F XI (also with significant deficiency) and transferrin were also detected. Whole exome analysis showed a novel homozygous ALG12 variant c.77T>A, p.(Val26Asp) supporting an ALG12-CDG diagnosis. It also showed three new variants in KMT2D, and a mild, known ALG6 variant. CONCLUSIONS: This novel ALG12-CDG patient (the 13th reported) underlines the heterogeneity of this CDG and broadens its phenotypical spectrum, supports that these disorders are underestimated, and suggests that combination of global hypoglycosylation with specific gene defects might determine the clinical manifestations of CDG patients.


Assuntos
Defeitos Congênitos da Glicosilação/genética , Comunicação Interventricular/genética , Manosiltransferases/genética , Fenótipo , Escoliose/genética , Sucesso Acadêmico , Adulto , Defeitos Congênitos da Glicosilação/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Feminino , Glucosiltransferases/genética , Comunicação Interventricular/patologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Escoliose/patologia
8.
Chem Rev ; 118(4): 1410-1459, 2018 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29319294

RESUMO

The borrowing hydrogen (BH) principle, also called hydrogen auto-transfer, is a powerful approach which combines transfer hydrogenation (avoiding the direct use of molecular hydrogen) with one or more intermediate reactions to synthesize more complex molecules without the need for tedious separation or isolation processes. The strategy which usually relies on three steps, (i) dehydrogenation, (ii) intermediate reaction, and (iii) hydrogenation, is an excellent and well-recognized process from the synthetic, economic, and environmental point of view. In this context, the objective of the present review is to give a global overview on the topic starting from those contributions published prior to the emergence of the BH concept to the most recent and current research under the term of BH catalysis. Two main subareas of the topic (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis) have been identified, from which three subheadings based on the source of the electrophile (alkanes, alcohols, and amines) have been considered. Then the type of bond being formed (carbon-carbon and carbon heteroatom) has been taken into account to end-up with the intermediate reaction working in tandem with the metal-catalyzed hydrogenation/dehydrogenation step. The review has been completed with the more recent advances in asymmetric catalysis using the BH strategy.

9.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 70(11): 907-914, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28233664

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) have an abnormal QT adaptation to sudden changes in heart rate provoked by standing. The present study sought to evaluate the standing test in a cohort of LQTS patients and to assess if this QT maladaptation phenomenon is ameliorated by beta-blocker therapy. METHODS: Electrographic assessments were performed at baseline and immediately after standing in 36 LQTS patients (6 LQT1 [17%], 20 LQT2 [56%], 3 LQT7 [8%], 7 unidentified-genotype patients [19%]) and 41 controls. The corrected QT interval (QTc) was measured at baseline (QTcsupine) and immediately after standing (QTcstanding); the QTc change from baseline (ΔQTc) was calculated as QTcstanding - QTcsupine. The test was repeated in 26 patients receiving beta-blocker therapy. RESULTS: Both QTcstanding and ΔQTc were significantly higher in the LQTS group than in controls (QTcstanding, 528 ± 46ms vs 420 ± 15ms, P < .0001; ΔQTc, 78 ± 40ms vs 8 ± 13ms, P < .0001). No significant differences were noted between LQT1 and LQT2 patients. Typical ST-T wave patterns appeared after standing in LQTS patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves of QTcstanding and ΔQTc showed a significant increase in diagnostic value compared with the QTcsupine (area under the curve for both, 0.99 vs 0.85; P < .001). Beta-blockers attenuated the response to standing in LQTS patients (QTcstanding, 440 ± 32ms, P < .0001; ΔQTc, 14 ± 16ms, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the QTc after the simple maneuver of standing shows a high diagnostic performance and could be important for monitoring the effects of beta-blocker therapy in LQTS patients.


Assuntos
Teste de Esforço/métodos , Síndrome do QT Longo/diagnóstico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Síndrome do QT Longo/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do QT Longo/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Testes Imediatos , Postura , Curva ROC
10.
J Nutr ; 145(8): 1692-7, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26136585

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Olive oil polyphenols have shown protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Their consumption decreased oxidative stress biomarkers and improved some features of the lipid profile. However, their effects on LDL concentrations in plasma and LDL atherogenicity have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess whether the consumption of olive oil polyphenols could decrease LDL concentrations [measured as apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) concentrations and the total number of LDL particles] and atherogenicity (the number of small LDL particles and LDL oxidizability) in humans. METHODS: The study was a randomized, cross-over controlled trial in 25 healthy European men, aged 20-59 y, in the context of the EUROLIVE (Effect of Olive Oil Consumption on Oxidative Damage in European Populations) study. Volunteers ingested 25 mL/d raw low-polyphenol-content olive oil (LPCOO; 366 mg/kg) or high-polyphenol-content olive oil (HPCOO; 2.7 mg/kg) for 3 wk. Interventions were preceded by 2-wk washout periods. Effects of olive oil polyphenols on plasma LDL concentrations and atherogenicity were determined in the sample of 25 men. Effects on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression were assessed in another sample of 18 men from the EUROLIVE study. RESULTS: Plasma apo B-100 concentrations and the number of total and small LDL particles decreased (mean ± SD: by 5.94% ± 16.6%, 11.9% ± 12.0%, and 15.3% ± 35.1%, respectively) from baseline after the HPCOO intervention. These changes differed significantly from those after the LPCOO intervention, which resulted in significant increases of 6.39% ± 16.6%, 4.73% ± 22.0%, and 13.6% ± 36.4% from baseline (P < 0.03). LDL oxidation lag time increased by 5.0% ± 10.3% from baseline after the HPCOO intervention, which was significantly different only relative to preintervention values (P = 0.038). LPL gene expression tended to increase by 26% from baseline after the HPCOO intervention (P = 0.08) and did not change after the LPCOO intervention. CONCLUSION: The consumption of olive oil polyphenols decreased plasma LDL concentrations and LDL atherogenicity in healthy young men. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN09220811.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Óleos de Plantas/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Azeite de Oliva , Polifenóis/química , Adulto Jovem
11.
Pediatr Res ; 76(5): 470-6, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25119335

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored whether fetal exposure to trans fatty acids (TFAs) influences the inception of atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of specific TFAs (elaidic, vaccenic, and rumenic acids) in maternal plasma and the risk of developing atopic manifestations in the first year of life. METHODS: A subsample from a population-based pregnancy cohort of the INMA Project was analyzed. Maternal intake of fatty acids was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire (75.5% of the cohort). TFAs and n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in samples of plasmatic phospholipids at 12 wk of pregnancy. Information regarding eczema and wheeze in offspring was obtained through questionnaires at ages 6 and 14 mo. RESULTS: Elaidic acid correlated negatively with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (total, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and rumenic acid positively with both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal plasma. Neither of these two fatty acids was associated with the risk of atopic eczema or wheeze in offspring in the first year of life. However, a higher vaccenic acid level was found to be linked to a lower risk of atopic eczema. CONCLUSION: High vaccenic acid concentrations in maternal plasma may protect offspring against atopic eczema in infancy.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/etiologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/sangue , Ácido Oleico/sangue , Ácidos Oleicos/sangue , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Ácido Oleico/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Oleicos/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fatores de Proteção , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 34(2): 439-45, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24285581

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial showed that a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) supplemented with either extra virgin olive oil or 30 g/d of mixed nuts reduced incident cardiovascular events compared with a control (low fat) diet. The mechanisms of cardiovascular protection afforded by MedDiets remain to be uncovered. We assessed the effect of both supplemented MedDiets on internal carotid intima-media thickness (ICA-IMT) and plaque height, the ultrasound features that best predict future cardiovascular events, in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS: In a PREDIMED subcohort (n=175), plaque height and carotid IMT of 3 prespecified segments (ICA, bifurcation, and common) were sonographically assessed at baseline and after intervention for a mean of 2.4 years. We evaluated 164 subjects with complete data. In a multivariate model, mean ICA-IMT progressed in the control diet group (mean [95% confidence interval], 0.052 mm [-0.014 to 0.118 mm]), whereas it regressed in the MedDiet+nuts group (-0.084 mm [-0.158 to -0.010 mm]; P=0.024 versus control). Similar results were observed for maximum ICA-IMT (control, 0.188 mm [0.077 to 0.299 mm]; MedDiet+nuts, -0.030 mm [-0.153 to 0.093 mm]; P=0.034) and maximum plaque height (control, 0.106 mm [0.001 to 0.210 mm]; MedDiet+nuts, -0.091 mm [-0.206 to 0.023 mm]; P=0.047). There were no changes in ICA-IMT or plaque after the MedDiet+extra virgin olive oil. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a control diet, consumption of a MedDiet supplemented with nuts is associated with delayed progression of ICA-IMT and plaque. The results contribute mechanistic evidence for the reduction of cardiovascular events observed in the PREDIMED trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.


Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/dietoterapia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Dieta Mediterrânea , Nozes , Óleos de Plantas , Placa Aterosclerótica , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Azeite de Oliva , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Chemistry ; 19(51): 17464-71, 2013 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24259460

RESUMO

Palladium on magnesium oxide is able to allow a one-pot reaction to synthesize thioethers from thiols and aldehydes formed in situ from the respective alcohol by means of a borrowing hydrogen method. The reaction is initiated by dehydrogenation of the alcohol to give a palladium hydride intermediate and an aldehyde. The latter reacts with a thiol involving most probably the intermediacy of a thionium ion RCH=S(+)R, which can be reduced in situ by the metal hydride to afford thioethers.


Assuntos
Hidrogênio/química , Paládio/química , Catálise , Cinética , Óxido de Magnésio/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Sulfetos/síntese química , Sulfetos/química
14.
Nat Chem ; 5(9): 775-81, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23965680

RESUMO

The catalytic activity of gold depends on particle size, with the reactivity increasing as the particle diameter decreases. However, investigations into behaviour in the subnanometre regime (where gold exists as small clusters of a few atoms) began only recently with advances in synthesis and characterization techniques. Here we report an easy method to prepare isolated gold atoms supported on functionalized carbon nanotubes and their performance in the oxidation of thiophenol with O2. We show that single gold atoms are not active, but they aggregate under reaction conditions into gold clusters of low atomicity that exhibit a catalytic activity comparable to that of sulfhydryl oxidase enzymes. When clusters grow into larger nanoparticles, catalyst activity drops to zero. Theoretical calculations show that gold clusters are able to activate thiophenol and O2 simultaneously, and larger nanoparticles are passivated by strongly adsorbed thiolates. The combination of both reactants activation and facile product desorption makes gold clusters excellent catalysts.


Assuntos
Ouro/química , Catálise , Dissulfetos/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/ultraestrutura , Conformação Molecular , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/química , Fenóis/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química
15.
Chemistry ; 18(44): 14150-6, 2012 Oct 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22996294

RESUMO

A one-pot reaction was performed with a nanoparticulated gold catalyst. A secondary amine is formed through N-monoalkylation of a primary amine with an alcohol by a borrowing hydrogen methodology in a three-step reaction. The secondary amine formed enters into a second A(3)-coupling cycle to give propargylamines. The multistep reaction requires a gold species formed and stabilized on a ceria surface.

16.
Am J Kidney Dis ; 60(3): 380-9, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22541738

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic observations have linked healthy dietary patterns to improved kidney function. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on kidney function in both a cross-sectional assessment and after a 1-year intervention in a cohort of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Study, a multicenter 3-arm randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the MedDiet on primary cardiovascular prevention. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling men aged 55-80 years and women aged 60-80 years at high risk of cardiovascular disease from Reus, Spain. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to 3 ad libitum diets: a MedDiet supplemented with virgin olive oil (MedDiet + olive oil), a MedDiet supplemented with mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), or a control low-fat diet. OUTCOMES: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). MEASUREMENTS: Nutrient intake, adherence to the MedDiet, lifestyle variables, cardiovascular risk factors, serum urea and creatinine concentrations, eGFR, and urinary ACR were evaluated at baseline and after intervention for 1 year. RESULTS: Baseline kidney function markers were similar across quartiles of adherence to the MedDiet in 785 participants (55% women; mean age, 67 years). After a 1-year intervention in 665 participants, the 3 dietary approaches were associated with improved kidney function, with similar average increases in eGFR (4.7 [95% CI, 3.2-6.2], 3.5 [95% CI, 1.9-5.0], and 4.1 [95% CI, 2.8-5.5] mL/min/1.73 m(2) for the MedDiet + olive oil, MedDiet + nuts, and control groups, respectively [P < 0.001 vs baseline for each; P = 0.9 for differences among groups]), but no changes in ACRs after adjustment for various confounders. LIMITATIONS: Generalization of results to other age groups or ethnicities. GFR was not directly measured. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the notion that the MedDiet has a beneficial effect on kidney function over and above that of advice for a low-fat diet in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dieta Mediterrânea , Testes de Função Renal , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Valores de Referência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/dietoterapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 13(38): 17255-61, 2011 Oct 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21879067

RESUMO

A series of bifunctional organic catalysts containing acid and basic sites with ionic liquid characteristics have been prepared and their catalytic activity and reaction coordinate for aldol and Knoevenagel condensations have been compared. While the only factor controlling catalyst activity for the Knoevenagel condensation was the distance between the acid and base sites, the spatial orientation of the organocatalyst is also key to achieve high activity and selectivity in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Mechanistic studies based on theoretical DFT calculations show that the acid-base bifunctional organocatalyst follows a mechanism inspired in natural aldolases for the synthesis of trans-chalcones, being able to produce a large variety of these compounds of industrial interest. The combination of the acid-base pairs within the proper geometry and the ionic liquid nature makes this catalyst active, selective and recyclable.

19.
Atherosclerosis ; 218(1): 174-80, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21640348

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoA-I, and their ratio could predict coronary heart disease (CHD) risk more accurately than conventional lipid measurements. Our aim was to assess the effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) on apolipoproteins. METHODS: High-cardiovascular risk subjects (n=551, 308 women and 243 men), aged 55-80 years, were recruited into a large, multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial (The PREDIMED Study) aimed at testing the efficacy of TMD on primary cardiovascular disease prevention. Participants assigned to a low-fat diet (control) (n=177), or TMDs (TMD+virgin olive oil (VOO), n=181 or TMD+nuts, n=193) received nutritional education and either free VOO (ad libitum) or nuts (dose: 30 g/day). A 3-month evaluation was performed. RESULTS: Both TMDs promoted beneficial changes on classical cardiovascular risk factors. ApoA-I increased, and ApoB and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio decreased after TMD+VOO, the changes promoting a lower cardiometabolic risk. Changes in TMD+VOO versus low-fat diet were -2.9 mg/dL (95% CI, -5.6 to -0.08), 3.3mg/dL (95% CI, 0.84 to 5.8), and -0.03 mg/dL (-0.05 to -0.01) for ApoB, ApoA-I, and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals at high-cardiovascular risk who improved their diet toward a TMD pattern rich in virgin olive oil, reduced their Apo B and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and improved ApoA-I concentrations.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/dietoterapia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas , Risco
20.
Chem Rev ; 111(3): 1657-712, 2011 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21391565
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