Effect of Filgrastim on adult male rats' fertility and reproductive performance.

Filgrastim is a recombinant protein used in treatment neutropenia caused by myelosuppressive medications for patients with non-myeloid cancer. However, its effect in male fertility is not clear. So, the current work aims to clarify the effect of Filgrastim on the reproductive state in Wistar rats. Eighteen (18) male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (6/each). Group (I) where the rats were injected with 0.5 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as Control Group. The Group (II) animals received intraperitoneal injection of therapeutic dose of 30.83 mcg/kg/day of Filgrastim for one week. The Group (III) rats received the same dose by the same route of Filgrastim for two weeks. Sera of blood samples were processed for serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS). Semen analysis and resazurine reduction test (RRT) were performed. Assaying for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) was done. The testes were retrieved for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies for caspase-3 detection. Our results revealed that filgrastim affects sperm morphology, significantly decreased the RRT and the reproductive hormones level, elevated the oxidative stress status and induced several histopathological changes in testes with an increased in immunoexpression of caspase-3 in testes tissues. The results of this work demonstrated that Filgrastim may had a deleterious effect on male fertility.

Liraglutide treatment effects on rat ovarian and uterine tissues.

Liraglutide is a Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and obesity. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of Liraglutide in ovarian and uterine tissues in albino rats. 30 female rats were divided into 3 groups, 10 rats each. Group (I) served as control group, group (II) animals administrated therapeutic doses of liraglutide for 5 weeks and group (III) animals were injected with Liraglutide as the pervious group. Then they were left for 2 weeks after drug termination as a recovery period. The biochemical results showed a decrease in the female reproductive hormones profile, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and an increase in the level of testosterone (T). Liraglutide administration caused a significant decrease in the antioxidant markers, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant increase in the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA). The histopathological examination revealed apoptosis of granulosa cells of different types of follicles with an increase in atretic and disorganized follicles. Vacuolar degenerative changes, and Atrophied muscle with sever inflammatory cell infiltrate in endometrium with congested, dilated blood vessels could be detected in uterine tissues. However, most of the deleterious effects of liraglutide decreased after drug discontinuation. In this study, we clarify the harmful effect of the liraglutide on ovarian and uterine tissues, thus potentially causing reproductive health malfunction and reducing the chances of pregnancy.