Regenerative Therapy for the Permanent Immature Teeth: A Long Term Study. An Original Research.

Introduction: Endodontics faces several clinical difficulties while treating young necrotic permanent teeth. The use of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) enables apical closure, improved canal wall thickness, and root growth. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of these regenerative procedures on immature necrotic permanent teeth. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital for the study period of 2 years. This study includes 30 necrotic permanent immature teeth that were studied in 30 subjects of both genders. A standard REP protocol was used to treat every tooth. A follow-up visit was scheduled for each patient at timely intervals. Various study parameters as well as the demographics were assessed at each visit. To examine various parameters, a calibrated endodontist also performed a radiographic evaluation. Results: Our findings point to excellent rates of survival, clinical success, and apical pathological resolution for 29 teeth. After 2 years, there were significant variations in the root thickness area and the average root length. The apical diameter significantly decreased during the research period, with 30.8% of the instances exhibiting full apical closure. Apical diameter, root length, and thickness changed more frequently in teeth with the level of the immaturity of the root, although the variations were not significant. Conclusions: REP treatment for teeth preceded symptom relief. Increased root thickness, root length, and apical closure were seen at 30 months, even if the clinically meaningful change was not attained in all patients.

Gender determination using barr bodies from teeth exposed to high temperatures.

CONTEXT: Gender determination forms a prime step in the forensic identification process. Teeth form a very important identification aid in forensic studies because they are protected by oral tissues and dental pulp is further protected by the mineralized constituents of the teeth. This allows the conservation and sustainable production of dental pulp to help sex determination in circumstances where other tissues cannot be analyzed like victims when exposed to high temperatures during fire accidents, explosions, and other mass disasters. AIM: The present study aimed at gender determination from pulpal tissue extirpated from teeth exposed to high temperatures. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The study consisted of sixty teeth samples, thirty male and thirty female. The teeth have been subjected to a series of temperatures of 37°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C. The dental pulp is then obtained from these teeth, processed, stained, and checked for Barr bodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistical analysis has been used. RESULTS: The results showed that pulp from the female teeth showed the presence of Barr bodies up to a maximum of 400°C, whereas the male pulpal tissue did not show the presence of any Barr bodies. With increase in temperatures, the cellularity of the connective tissue decreased but the average number of Barr body positive cells remained constant within the range of 19-20. CONCLUSIONS: Dental pulp acts as a potential source of gender determination when no other means of identification are available.

Comparison of Sealer Penetration by Using Different Irrigation Techniques - An In-vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate the microorganisms particularly in the apical third area and to prevent re-infection. In order to achieve these goals the instrumentation must be combined with adequate irrigation. AIM: To compare sealer penetration by using different irrigation techniques i.e., apical negative pressure irrigation, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) and combination of apical negative pressure irrigation and PUI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 single rooted maxillary central incisors were taken. Access cavity was prepared and biomechanical preparation was done. The samples were randomly assigned into three experimental groups based on the final irrigation technique used. Group I: Apical negative pressure (Endovac); Group II: PUI; Group III: Combination of apical negative pressure and PUI. All the samples were obturated using AH plus sealer and the sections were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope to evaluate the percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration at 1mm, 3mm and 5mm levels. Statistical analysis was done by using two way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test to compare the percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration. RESULTS: Combination group resulted in better sealer penetration at 1mm and 3mm from the working length than the Endovac and PUI group. However, the Endovac group showed significantly better sealer penetration at 1mm from the working length when compared with PUI. There was no significant difference in sealer penetration at 5mm level between PUI and combination group. CONCLUSION: Combination group was the only group to achieve better sealer penetration at 1mm and 3mm levels from the working length.