Postoperative complications after craniotomy for brain tumor surgery.

INTRODUCTION: After elective craniotomy for brain tumour surgery, patients are usually admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for monitoring. Our goal was to evaluate the incidence and timing of neurologic and non-neurologic postoperative complications after brain tumour surgery, to determine factors associated with neurologic events and to evaluate the timing and causes of ICU readmission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational and analytic study enrolled 188 patients admitted to the ICU after brain tumour surgery. All postoperative clinical events during the first 24hours were noted and classified. Readmission causes and timing were also analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-one (11%) of the patients were kept sedated after surgery; the remaining 167 patients were studied. Thirty one percent of the patients presented at least one complication (25% with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), 16% with neurologic complications). The occurrence of neurological complications was significantly associated with the absence of preoperative motor deficit and the presence of higher intraoperative bleeding. Seven patients (4%) were readmitted to the ICU after discharge; 43% (n=3) of them had a posterior fossa surgery. CONCLUSION: Postoperative complications, especially PONV, are frequent after brain tumour surgery. Moreover, 16% of patients presented a neurological complication, probably justifying the ICU postoperative stay for early detection. The absence of preoperative motor deficit and intraoperative bleeding seems to predict postoperative neurologic complications. Finally, patients may present complications after ICU discharge, especially patients with fossa posterior surgery, suggesting that ICU hospitalization may be longer in this type of surgery.

The optimal time between clinical brain death diagnosis and confirmation using CT angiography: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: In several countries, a computed tomography angiography (CTA) is used to confirm brain death (BD). A six­hour interval is recommended between clinical diagnosis and CTA acquisition despite the lack of strong evidence to support this interval. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal timing for CTA in the confirmation of BD. METHODS: This retrospective observational study enrolled all adult patients admitted between January 2009 and December 2013 to the intensive care units of a French university hospital with clinically diagnosed BD and at least one CTA performed as a confirmatory test. The CTAs were identified as conclusive (e.g. yielding confirmation of BD) or inconclusive (e.g. showing persistent brain circulation). RESULTS: One hundred and four patients (sex ratio M/F 1.8; age 55 years [41­64]) underwent 117 CTAs. CTAs confirmed cerebral circulatory arrest in 94 cases yielding a sensitivity of 80%. Inconclusive CTAs were performed earlier than conclusive ones (2 hours [1­3] vs. 4 hours [2­9], P=0.03) and were associated with decompressive craniectomy (5 cases [23%] vs. 6 cases [7%], P=0.05) and the failure to complete full neurological examination (5 cases [23%] vs. 4 cases [5%], P=0.02). Six hours after BD clinical diagnosis, the proportion of conclusive CTA was only 51%, with progressive increase overtime with more than 80% of conclusive CTA after 12 hours. CONCLUSIONS: A 12­hour interval might be appropriate in order to limit the risk of inconclusive CTAs.