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1.
Cureus ; 16(8): e67341, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39310559

RESUMO

Trichorrhexis nodosa (TN) is a hair shaft anomaly characterized by abnormal fragility and weak points (nodes) in the hair shaft. It can be congenital or acquired, with the acquired form being more common. Patients typically present with lusterless and fragile hair, an inability to grow hair to a normal length, fraying at the distal free end, and white knots and fractures along the hair shaft. This condition is often linked to daily hair care routines and exposure to chemicals or environmental factors that cause trauma to the hair. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through dermoscopy or microscopy, which reveal characteristic paintbrush-like hair fractures. Hair anomalies in sports have been rarely documented. Here, we report a unique case of acquired distal TN in a 19-year-old male professional volleyball player and a recreational swimmer with exposure to multiple environmental factors such as years of chlorine water exposure and training that may have contributed to this condition. The patient presented with a three-month history of abnormal hair fragility and glistening white areas along the hair shafts. Trichoscopy revealed multiple white nodes along the hair shafts, while light microscopy displayed nodular swellings with disruption of the cuticle and splaying out of cortical fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further demonstrated the classical "two brooms stuck in opposite direction" or "paintbrush fracture" appearance. Based on the clinical presentation and microscopic findings, a diagnosis of diffuse distal acquired TN was made. The patient was advised to tonsure his head and use gentle, sulfate-free shampoo for regrown hair. Follow-up at six months showed no recurrence of lesions, highlighting the importance of identifying and addressing potential causative factors in managing this condition.

2.
Luminescence ; 39(9): e4898, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39323008

RESUMO

Cyanobacteria are resilient microorganisms and thrive in environments exposed to UV radiation, ranging from ocean surfaces to scorching hot springs and dry expanses. 'Cyanobacterial Resilience' refers to their ability to withstand UV radiation, revealing intricate genomic secrets and adaptive mechanisms ensuring survival. These mechanisms include metabolic adaptations, robust DNA repair systems and UV-protective compounds such as Scytonemin and Mycosporine, vital for shielding against UV radiation survival. Cyanobacteria are crucial pioneers in UV-exposed ecosystems, highlighting their resilience and adaptability. Some cyanobacteria exhibit luminescence, emitting blue-green light due to phycobiliproteins, while bioluminescence in cyanobacteria, if it occurs, involves different compounds rather than luciferins and luciferase enzymes. This luminescence holds promise for various biotechnological applications, such as biosensors, imaging probes and carbon sequestration, for participating in photocatalytic processes for water purification and CO2 conversion, and contributes to solar simulation studies to advance photosynthesis and renewable energy technologies. The versatile applications of these materials highlight their ecological importance and potential in addressing global challenges. In conclusion, 'Cyanobacterial Resilience' highlights the remarkable adaptation strategies of cyanobacteria in UV-exposed environments. It emphasises their role as pioneers and innovators in biological and technological domains, providing insights into their enduring impact on ecosystems and scientific advancement.


Assuntos
Cianobactérias , Ecossistema , Raios Ultravioleta , Cianobactérias/metabolismo , Cianobactérias/química , Fluorescência , Luminescência
3.
Cureus ; 16(5): e61192, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38939265

RESUMO

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the two most common skin malignancies globally. They are observed more frequently among Caucasians than Asians, and their incidence is inversely proportional to the pigmentation levels. Even though the occurrence of skin cancers in India is lower, the absolute quantity of cases may be considerable due to the vast population. Here, we report five cases of NMSC in people having skin of colour.

4.
Cureus ; 16(4): e58076, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38738007

RESUMO

Pseudoglucagonoma syndrome is defined as the presence of necrolytic migratory erythema in the absence of a glucagon-secreting tumor. Necrolytic migratory erythema is the hallmark of glucagonoma syndrome but can also occur due to pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, gastrointestinal dysfunction, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, malabsorption disorders, nutritional deficiencies, hepatocellular dysfunction, and hypoalbuminemia. Pseudoglucagonoma syndrome is extremely rare, and the diagnosis is often delayed, resulting in delayed treatment. We report a rare case of pseudoglucagonoma syndrome in a malnourished male patient following Frey's surgery. The patient presented with a skin rash which gradually progressed over 20 days with diffuse hair loss. On cutaneous examination, multiple irregular erythematous and eroded plaques surrounded by a hyperpigmented scaly border were present over the dorsal aspect of the lower limbs, upper limbs, gluteal region, and genitals. Routine investigations showed normocytic normochromic anemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, dyslipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Rapid resolution of the skin lesions was observed with improved nutrition.

5.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Dec 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38076784

RESUMO

Pangenome indexes reduce reference bias in sequencing data analysis. However, a greater reduction in bias can be achieved using a personalized reference, e.g. a diploid human reference constructed to match a donor individual's alleles. We present a novel impute-first alignment framework that combines elements of genotype imputation and pangenome alignment. It begins by genotyping the individual from a subsample of the input reads. It next uses a reference panel and efficient imputation algorithm to impute a personalized diploid reference. Finally, it indexes the personalized reference and applies a read aligner, which could be a linear or graph aligner, to align the full read set to the personalized reference. This framework has higher variant-calling recall (99.54% vs. 99.37%), precision (99.36% vs. 99.18%), and F1 (99.45% vs. 99.28%) compared to a graph-based pangenome. The personalized reference is also smaller and faster to query compared to a pangenome index, making it an overall advantageous choice for whole-genome DNA sequencing experiments.

6.
Algorithms Mol Biol ; 18(1): 2, 2023 May 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37147657

RESUMO

We present a new method and software tool called rowbowt that applies a pangenome index to the problem of inferring genotypes from short-read sequencing data. The method uses a novel indexing structure called the marker array. Using the marker array, we can genotype variants with respect from large panels like the 1000 Genomes Project while reducing the reference bias that results when aligning to a single linear reference. rowbowt can infer accurate genotypes in less time and memory compared to existing graph-based methods. The method is implemented in the open source software tool rowbowt available at https://github.com/alshai/rowbowt .

7.
Algorithms Bioinform ; 2422022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36409181

RESUMO

We present a new method and software tool called rowbowt that applies a pangenome index to the problem of inferring genotypes from short-read sequencing data. The method uses a novel indexing structure called the marker array. Using the marker array, we can genotype variants with respect from large panels like the 1000 Genomes Project while avoiding the reference bias that results when aligning to a single linear reference. rowbowt can infer accurate genotypes in less time and memory compared to existing graph-based methods.

8.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 186: 266-278, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35932651

RESUMO

Plants leave testimonies of undergoing physical state by depicting distinct variations in their electrophysiological data. Adequate nutrition of plants signifies their role in the growth and a plentiful harvest. Plant signal data carries enough information to detect and analyse nutrient deficiency. Classification of nutrient deficiencies through signal decomposition and bilevel measurements has not been reported earlier. The proposed work explores tomato plants in four-time cycles (Early Morning, Morning, After Noon, Night) of macronutrients Calcium (Ca), Nitrogen (N) and micronutrients Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe). Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method (EMD), signals are decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) in 10-levels. Further, Intrinsic mode functions are grouped into two clusters to extract descriptive data statistics and bi-level measurements. Then a novel sample selection method is proposed to achieve a better classification rate by reducing sample space. A binary classification model is built to train and test 15 features individually using discriminant analysis and naïve-Bayes classifier variants. The reported results achieved a classification rate up to 98% after 5-fold cross-validation. Attained findings endorse novel pathways for detection and classification of nutrient deficiencies in the early stages, consequently promoting prevention and treatment approaches earliest to the appearance of symptoms, also helping to enhance plant growth.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Solanum lycopersicum , Teorema de Bayes , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Nutrientes
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