RESUMO
The preparation of nanoscale fine bubbles in water is an innovative technology, but no precise method for simultaneously measuring the size and concentration of such bubbles had previously been developed. We have developed a method for simultaneously determining the size and concentration of fine bubbles in water by a light-scattering technique. Dynamic light scattering gives the diffusion constant and particle size of fine bubbles, whereas static light scattering provides their concentration or molar mass. Static light scattering also provides the radius of gyration of the bubbles, thereby providing a means for validating measurements of the sizes of the fine bubbles.
RESUMO
Swap the coins! The Pt(2)Au(2), Pt(2)Au(2)Cu(2), and Pt(2)Au(2)Ag(2) complexes of 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate exhibit yellow-green, orange, and sky-blue luminescence, respectively (see figure). The emission energies of Pt(2)Au(2)M(2) complexes can be controlled by the change of the third coinage metal ions M. The Pt(2)Au(2)M(2) complexes take the cis configuration with respect to the Au(2)M(2) plane.
RESUMO
The platinum dimer and heteropolynuclear platinum complexes of 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate, [Pt2M4(mu-Me2pz)8] [M = H (1), Ag (2), Cu (3)], were synthesized and structurally characterized. They exhibit yellow, sky-blue, and orange luminescence, respectively, in the solid state. The absorption bands of 2 and 3 are mainly assigned to the combination of the metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and [Pt2 --> Pt2M4] transitions by the time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) method. DFT calculations also indicate that the emissive states of 2 and 3 are 3[Pt2 --> Pt2Ag4] and 3[Cu(d) --> Pt2Cu4], respectively.
RESUMO
We analyzed the size-dependent volatility of nanoparticles in a diameter range of 30-70 nm in diesel exhaust emissions. The test system included a medium-duty diesel truck on a chassis dynamometer, a single-stage dilution tunnel, a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) equipped with an electric furnace, and a condensation particle counter. The size shifts of monodispersed diesel nanoparticles under changing furnace temperatures were measured by TDMA in the gas phase. Together with the reduction of average particle size and volume, we observed the development of bimodal size distributions resulting from the separation between semivolatile and nonvolatile species as the furnace temperature was increased. While 91-98% of the particles were found to be semivolatile species by total volume during the idling engine condition, only 6-9% were semivolatile during the one-half engine load condition. We also found that smaller particles contained a larger fraction of semivolatile species.
