Percutaneous reduction and screw fixation for all types of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

INTRODUCTION: This study compares the outcomes of consecutive of patients with Sanders II and III and IV calcaneal fractures that were stabilized by either close reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group I (N = 49) underwent close reduction internal fixation (CRIF). Group II (N = 39) underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The clinical outcomes included time to operation, operative duration, visual analog score (VAS), length of hospital stay, wound-related complications and AOFAS SF-36 score. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic measures also were compared. RESULTS: The duration of operation in the CRIF group was considerably shorter than in ORIF group (P = 0.0001). Postoperatively, at seventh day, the VAS in the CRIF group (4.2 ± 1.1) was meaningfully lower than those of the ORIF patients group (4.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.04). Totally, the prevalence of wound complications in CRIF group was significantly lower than in ORIF group. In final follow-up visit after one year, AOFAS scores and SF-36 scores between groups were comparable. Comparable radiographic measures were found in both groups. There was no significant difference between groups regarding preoperative radiographic measures (P > 0.05), while in postoperative imaging acceptable calcaneal fracture reduction was found in both groups. CONCLUSION: We believed that for treatment of various types of calcaneal fracture compared with ORIF the percutaneous reduction and screw fixation may lead to shorter hospital stay, decreased subtalar joint stiffness and earlier weight bearing along with much favorable patients' satisfaction.

Morpho-histological study of kidney in farmed juvenile beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758).

In this study, structure, size and distribution of nephron cells on kidney in Huso huso were investigated. The head, body and caudal part of kidney in juvenile Huso huso were sampled: The kidney of Huso huso consisted of glomerulus, proximal, distal and collecting tubule cells. The average area in 1- and 2-year-old sturgeon were 2718.07 +/- 1387.51 and 2793.89 +/- 1348 microm in proximal cells, 2678.80 +/- 1249.12 and 2599.98 +/- 1428.13 microm in distal cells, 2275.44 +/- 1289.52 and 2312.23 +/- 1629.58 microm in collecting tubule cells, 4359.8 +/- 1573.59 and 5071.04 +/- 1916.87 microm in glomerulus and 6019.68 +/- 1800.55 and 8307.49 +/- 2073.53 microm in Bowman's capsule, respectively. Average long and small diameter in 1 and 2 year were 68.03 +/- 17.82 and 49.94 +/- 12.73, 63.29 +/- 16.15 and 45.58 +/- 12.46 microm in proximal cells, 63.25 +/- 16.01 and 44.3 +/- 15.09, 63.514 +/- 15.25 and 45.46 +/- 13.3 microm in distal cells, 51.9 +/- 13.04 and 40.54 +/- 12.21, 57.08 +/- 16.7 and 45.53 +/- 15.28 microm in the collecting tubule cells, 91.18 +/- 17.93 and 68.72 +/- 16.22, 98.7 +/- 21.85 and 72.24 +/- 17.48 microm in glomerulus and 99.32 +/- 19.82 and 76.45 +/- 1896, 125.44 +/- 24.93 and 93.85 +/- 24.78 microm in Bowman's capsule, respectively. In all cases no statistically significant difference detected in the measured cells among 1- and 2-year-old fishes. Morpho-histological pattern of kidney can be developed on the basis of size, feature and distribution of cells in farmed Sturgeon.