[Intermittent fasting: effects in diverse clinical settings]. / Ayuno intermitente: efectos en diversos escenarios clínicos.

Introduction: Introduction: intermittent fasting plans propose to limit food intake during specific periods as nutritional therapeutic strategies to treat different metabolic conditions in various clinical entities. However, the heterogeneity between each context of intermittent fasting could generate different results in metabolic parameters. Objective: to evaluate the clinical application of intermittent fasting and to discern whether it offers advantages over other traditional strategies. Methods: structured questions were formulated (PICO), and the methodology followed the guidelines established by the PRISMA 2020 statement. The search was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar). Results: we found 3,962 articles, of which 56 were finally included; 3,906 articles that did not directly or indirectly answer the structured questions were excluded. Conclusions: compared to conventional diets, the various AI schemes do not generate advantages or disadvantages in terms of weight loss and lipid profile, although in the alternate-day variant there are greater insulin reductions than those observed in the continuous energy restriction. The heterogeneity of the interventions, the populations studied, the comparators, the results, and the type of design make it impossible to extrapolate the effects found in all clinical scenarios and generalize the recommendations.

Introducción: Introducción: los esquemas de ayuno intermitente (AI) proponen limitar la ingestión de alimentos durante periodos específicos. Se han propuesto como estrategia dietoterapéutica para tratar distintas condiciones metabólicas en diversos padecimientos, sin embargo, la heterogeneidad entre cada contexto de ayuno intermitente pudiera generar diferentes resultados en parámetros metabólicos. Objetivo: evaluar la aplicación clínica del ayuno intermitente y discernir si ofrece ventajas sobre otras estrategias tradicionales. Métodos: se formularon preguntas estructuradas (PICO) y la metodología se apegó a las guías establecidas por la declaración PRISMA 2020. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en las plataformas de PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar. Resultados: se encontraron 3.962 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron finalmente 56, eliminando 3.906 trabajos que no contestaban directa o indirectamente las preguntas estructuradas. Conclusiones: frente a las dietas convencionales, los diversos esquemas de AI no generan ventajas ni desventajas en cuanto a pérdida de peso o perfil lipídico, aunque en la variante a días alternos se producen mayores reducciones de insulina a las observadas en la restricción energética continua. La heterogeneidad de las intervenciones y poblaciones estudiadas, así como los comparadores, los desenlaces y el tipo de diseño imposibilitan extrapolar los efectos a todos los escenarios clínicos y generalizar las recomendaciones.

Muscle wasting assessment tools for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer and its treatment may induce muscle wasting. Body composition and muscle functionality are rarely assessed in patients with prostate cancer from developing countries due to the limited availability of high-quality equipment for routine diagnosis. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between several simplistic techniques for assessing muscle mass and function with a more complex standard of reference for muscle wasting among Mexican men with prostate cancer. Muscle wasting was highly prevalent, yet it was presumably associated with aging rather than cancer and its treatment itself. The restricted availability of specific equipment in clinical settings with technological limitations supports using unsophisticated techniques as surrogate measurements for muscle wasting. The left-arm handgrip dynamometry displayed the highest correlation with the standard of reference and exhibited an acceptable predicted probability for muscle estimation. Combining several simplistic techniques may be preferable. We also developed and internally validated a manageable model that helps to identify elderly patients with prostate cancer at risk of muscle depletion and impairment. These findings promote the early recognition and treatment of muscle wasting alterations occurring among older adults with prostate cancer.