Architectural Alterations in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia are Similar in Unifocal and Proliferative Leukoplakia.

The current WHO histopathologic criteria for oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) are based on architectural and cytologic alterations, and do not address other histopathologic features of ED. Here we propose new diagnostic criteria including architectural, organizational, and cytologic features for oral ED. Cases of unifocal leukoplakia (UL) and proliferative leukoplakia (PL) with clinical photographs and follow-up information were identified. Only cases that showed minimal cytologic atypia or mild ED were used to demonstrate critical architectural changes as defined in this study. Eight biopsies from eight UL patients and 34 biopsies from four PL patients were included. The biopsies showed (a) corrugated, verrucous or papillary architecture, (b) hyperkeratosis with epithelial atrophy, (c) bulky squamous epithelial proliferation, and (d) demarcated hyperkeratosis and "skip" segments. The architectural alterations defined here are as important as the currently used criteria for the diagnosis of ED. Clinicopathologic correlation when diagnosing oral ED is also of the utmost importance in accurate diagnosis.

Retroposition of the Globe After Le Fort III Midfacial Distraction.

BACKGROUND: Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis exhibit exorbitism due to supraorbital and midfacial retrusion. This study documented the change in sagittal orbital-globe relationship following Le Fort III midfacial advancement. METHODS: This retrospective case series comprised patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who underwent midfacial distraction from 1997 to 2016. Changes in sagittal globe position in relation to the orbital rims were measured by pre- and postoperative direct anthropometry, computed tomographic scans, or both methods. Descriptive statistics were calculated; significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Anthropometry showed a significant increase from superior orbital rim-to-corneal apex (os-acor) (4.1 ±â€Š4.0 mm, P < 0.001) and from inferior orbital rim-to-corneal apex (oi-acor) (4.5 ±â€Š5.3 mm, P < 0.001). The lateral orbital rim to the corneal apex (ol-acor) dimension did not change significantly. Computed tomography measurements confirmed retropositioned globes relative to the anterior border of the orbital cavity (2.5 ±â€Š6.4 mm, P = 0.036). The 2 analytic methods yielded statistically similar results. CONCLUSION: The globes move posteriorly a mean of 2.5 to 4.5 mm following Le Fort III midfacial distraction in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. This finding is useful in attaining euophthalmos when planning and executing this procedure.

Long-Term Effects of Distraction Osteogenesis of the Mandible.

PURPOSE: 1) To assess the fate of the permanent teeth in and adjacent to the regenerate in pediatric patients who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) and 2) to compare the postoperative growth of the distracted mandible with age- and gender-matched controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of children who underwent mandibular DO during the primary or mixed dentition period and before completion of somatic growth (boys aged ≤14 years and girls aged ≤12 years) at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1996 to 2014. From the DO registry, patients were selected who had complete clinical and radiographic records and at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients with disorders of dental development (eg, ectodermal dysplasia) were excluded. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess changes in morphology, eruption, and orientation of the dentition. Standardized digital lateral cephalograms were used to assess the mandible (sella-nasion-B point, mandibular unit length, ramus height, body length) preoperatively, at the end of distraction, at 1 year after device removal, and at longest follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 118 patients of all ages in the registry underwent some form of DO during the study period. For assessment of the effects on dentition, 26 subjects, who had 36 osteotomies and distraction wounds, met the inclusion criteria. In this sample, 22 of 26 subjects (85%) had 52 adverse effects in 38 of 90 permanent teeth (42.2%) assessed. Cephalometric measurements indicated that there was net mandibular growth at longest follow-up, after a period of skeletal relapse from the end of distraction to 1 year after device removal; however, only 2 of 25 subjects (8%) regained a growth rate in the vector of DO that matched or exceeded normal age- and gender-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: DO commonly results in adverse effects on the dentition within and adjacent to the DO gap, with only a minority resolving over time. Net growth of the mandible occurs after DO but at a slower rate and lesser magnitude than that of age- and gender-matched controls.