Comparative evaluation of remineralisation potential of bioactive glass, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and novel strontium-doped nanohydroxyapatite paste: An In-Vitro study.

Background: Many studies explained the importance of remineralisation of early carious lesions with various remineralising agents. In the present study, we incorporated the remineralising agents in a dentifrice, applied that in artificial enamel caries and evaluated their remineralising potential and compared the efficacy among the three. Aim: To evaluate and compare the remineralisation potential of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and novel laboratory synthesised strontiumdoped nanohydroxyapatite paste in artificial enamel caries. Methods and Materials: 120 enamel specimens were divided into 4 groups of 30 specimens each, based on the type of dentifrice applied: GI - conventional toothpaste (control group), GII - calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin), GIII - casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (GC tooth mousse) and GIV- Novel strontiumdoped nanohydroxyapatite paste (SrnHAp paste). Specimens in all the groups were subjected to demineralisation, and calcium/phosphorous ratio was analysed followed by remineralisation and the mean calcium-phosphorus ratio was assessed using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersing X-ray analysis. Statistical Analysis: Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Software, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results and Conclusion: All except the control group showed a net increase in calcium and phosphorous values after application of the respective remineralising agents in respective groups. Inter-group comparison revealed that Group IV - SrnHAp paste yields higher net calcium and phosphorous values than other groups. Hence, novel SrnHAp can be considered as the material of choice in remineralising early enamel carious lesions.

Evaluation of remineralization potential and cytotoxicity of a novel strontium-doped nanohydroxyapatite paste: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The focus of caries management has shifted to the early detection of caries and noninvasive methods of management of incipient lesions with novel remineralizing agents. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of a novel laboratory synthesized strontium-doped nanohydroxyapatite (SrnHAp) paste to a commercially available regular dentifrice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty enamel specimens (4 mm × 4 mm × 1 mm) were divided into two groups based on the type of dentifrice applied: Group I - regular toothpaste and Group II - SrnHAp paste. Calcium/phosphorous ratio of all sound specimens was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Samples in both groups were subjected to demineralization, and the calcium/phosphorous ratio was analyzed. The samples were then subjected to remineralization using the specific agents in each group, and the mean calcium-phosphorus ratio was assessed. Cytotoxic evaluation of both pastes was done by direct microscopic observation and MTT assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparison of mean calcium and phosphorous values of sound enamel, demineralized, and remineralized specimen in Groups I and II was done using the one-way ANOVA and Tukeys post hoc test. Intergroup comparison after remineralization was done using the Student's t-test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Group II showed higher remineralization potential than Group I and was statistically significant. Cytotoxicity of novel paste was less compared to the regular toothpaste. SrnHAp showed better remineralization than regular toothpaste and can be considered for enamel repair in incipient carious lesions.