Diagnosis, management, and outcome of an intralenticular foreign body in a dog: A case report.

Background: Intra-lenticular foreign bodies are rare in veterinary medicine and uncommon in human medicine. Approximately 50% of perforating ocular injuries in canines have lenticular involvement. Treatment choices include conservative management and surgical options. Retained intra-lenticular foreign body with delayed removal has not been reported in animals. Case Description: A 3-year-old male neutered Lurcher presented with right-sided ocular discomfort and a sealed full-thickness corneal perforation. The full ophthalmic examination could not be performed at the initial presentation due to miosis. Recrudescence of anterior uveitis was seen post-drug cessation. Re-evaluation of the eye with a mydriatic pupil revealed an intra-lenticular foreign body. Surgical removal via phacoemulsification was performed 8 weeks after the initial perforating injury. The eye remains visual, comfortable, and normotensive 50 months post-operatively. Conclusion: This is the first report of an encapsulated, retained intra-lenticular foreign body with delayed removal in a dog. Mydriasis and repeat examinations are of crucial importance when evaluating eyes post-perforation.

Etiologies of nontraumatic feline uveitis in the UK: A retrospective observational study of 72 cats.

Background: Uveitis is a common ophthalmic diagnosis in cats, that can lead to discomfort and loss of vision. Identification of nonidiopathic cases facilitates treatment and could reduce morbidity associated with this condition. Aim: To evaluate etiologies of nontraumatic uveitis in the UK, to compare diagnostic features between idiopathic cases and those with an established underlying etiology, and to investigate the association of clinical signs and abnormal diagnostic findings with a confirmed etiology. Methods: Records of cats diagnosed with uveitis at a UK referral center between August 2009 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, excluding traumatic (and reflex) cases. Cases were categorized based on whether an underlying etiology had been established in cases with confirmed etiology, idiopathic, and inconclusive cases. All cases had a minimum of 12-month follow-up unless an underlying etiology had been established. Population characteristics, clinical signs, diagnostic investigation features, and results were reported. Results: 72 cases of uveitis were included, of which male cats and domestic breeds were overrepresented. An underlying etiology was determined in 23.6% of cases: 9.7% had infectious diseases, 5.6% had systemic neoplasia, 4.2% had primary ocular neoplasia, and 4.2% had metabolic disease. Idiopathic uveitis comprised 37.5% of cases, and the remaining 38.9% were inconclusive, of which 35.7% died or were euthanased within the follow-up period. Among the study population, no significant age difference was found between cats with idiopathic disease or confirmed etiology. The unilateral disease was reported in 56.9% of cases and was not different across the idiopathic cases and confirmed etiology groups. The most common ophthalmic clinical sign was an aqueous flare, followed by keratic precipitates and hypotony. Iris color change (p = 0.015) and the presence of an intraocular mass (p = 0.025) were associated with an underlying etiology. Conclusion: Idiopathic uveitis was found to be the most common diagnosis in this study population. However, a similar proportion of cases had possible underlying etiologies as a high proportion manifested systemic disease within the follow-up time. An underlying etiology could be established only in a quarter of cases. Further studies are required to standardize the investigations required when assessing cats with uveitis to minimize patient morbidity.

Malignant ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in two cats.

Medulloepithelioma is a type of rare primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Most medulloepitheliomas are intraocular and they have been most frequently reported in horses and dogs. A single feline case has been reported but the teratoid form has not been previously reported in cats. Two cats presented with rapidly expanding intraocular masses and ophthalmic examination revealed vascularized uveal tumours extending into the anterior chamber and vitreous chamber. Following enucleation, histopathological examination of each case revealed a focally extensive infiltrative neoplasm that replaced the uveal tract, with retinal detachment and scleral vascular invasion. Rosettes, medullary tubes and heterotopic tissue were present. During follow-up periods of 3.4 and 8.8 years, no evidence of orbital recurrence or metastasis was found in either cat. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first case reports of teratoid medulloepithelioma in cats. Although the risk of metastasis cannot be excluded, as in other species, these findings support enucleation as a curative intervention.