[THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE FORMATION OF THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO THE PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES].

The pandemic of new coronavirus infection continues affecting many areas of public life. Against the background of arising variations, occur changes in people's psychological condition and in belief systems and attitudes to many fields of human knowledge, including medicine. The purpose of the study is to evaluate potential effect of COVID-19 pandemic on developing civil liability of the population of the Russian Federation regarding anti-epidemic activities to fight infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The special anonymous on-line questionnaire was developed and placed on popular social platforms in open access. The questionnaire included two parts and contained 27 closed alternative questions with only one alternative to answer. The respondents included persons older than 18 years agreed to participate in survey. The data gathering provided for three subsequent stages. The final sampling consisted of 1350 respondents, out of them 1230 were citizen of the Russian Federation and 120 representatives of the near abroad. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: More than 65% of respondents confirmed positive changes of one's attitude to sanitary hygienic activities to better sense. Among them, 63.3% began to wash hands more regularly and 62.2% began to apply hand antiseptic more often. The comparing of study results by individual characteristics revealed a significant effect of primary hygienic status of respondents on magnitude of fixed changes. It is established that during 5 months the population readiness to be vaccinated by one of the registered national vaccines was increasing and level of uncertainty was decreasing. Among respondents 73.5% marked increasing of individual responsibility of citizens for hygienic practices. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated significant improvement of population attitude to sanitary hygienic practices after onset of pandemic. The greatest changes are observed in individuals with initially sufficient levels of hygienic commitment. On the basis of study results, the conclusion can be made about significant increasing of civil liability of the population of the Russian Federation for hygienic practices, especially against the background of COVID-19 pandemic.

[COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPIDEMIC SEASONS OF INFLUENZA 2015-2016AND 2009 -2010].

AIM: Analyze epidemiologic and- clinical features of influenza epidemic seasons 2009 - 2010 and 2015 - 2016. Materials and methods Forms of federal state statistic observation No.4 , 2, 5, and 6; information from the official web-site of the Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and congresses on problems of influenza; information-analytical certificates of the Ministry of Health .of Russian Federation. RESULTS: Epidemic morbidity increases in the season 2009 - 2010. and 2015 - 2016 started at various time and had different duration. Children younger than 14 years of age predominated in the structure of patients in the 2009 - 2010 epidemic season, the main mass of patients were presented by individuals aged 45 - 59 years in the 2015 - 2016 season. The number of lethal outcomes with laboratory confirmed influenza diagnosis in 2009 - 2010 was 687-cases, and in 2015 - 2016 - 663 cases. Almost all the deceased from influenza were not vaccinated against this infection. Cardiovascular system diseases were noted in 484 individuals of the total number of deceased. Most of the deceased were late to seek medical aid. CONCLUSION: Influenza epidemic season 2015 - 2016 differs from 2009 - 2010 season by dynamics of morbidity development and a lower amount of severe forms of the disease and lethal outcomes. This may be-due to an increase of population immunity against pandemic strain A(H1N1)pdm09 via pro-epidemizing in the recent years as well as an increase of influenza vaccination coverage.

[Delayed influenza mortality in elderly persons].

AIM: Analysis of influenza morbidity and mortality including delayed mortality as well as study of the association between increased mortality in elderly and influenza incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiologic methods of research as well as reporting forms No. 2 and C51 for Moscow for the period 1999-2005 were used. Analysis was performed for 28,801,565 cases of influenza illness as well as for 41,310 fatal cases, of which 6048 cases due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were extracted. Retrospective epidemiologic analysis of perennial and within-year incidence of influenza and mortality due to mentioned diseases in Moscow was performed. Correlation analysis was done using Spearman rank correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Delayed mortality concept was introduced. Existence of delayed mortality after influenza illness in persons >60 year old with ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease was proved. It was established that vaccination against influenza in persons aged >60 years with underlying cardiovascular diseases during epidemic season could prevent 246 deaths each year. CONCLUSION: Delayed mortality was detected only in patients with cardiovascular diseases, whereas in patients with respiratory diseases direct complications due to influenza developed. Influenza immunization of elderly persons could yield marked economic effect as cost of treatment of one case of acute myocardial infarction or attack of cerebrovascular disease is significantly higher than cost of vaccination.

[Influenza morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in elderly patients].

AIM: To analyse correlations between influenza morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in elderly population of Moscow in 1999-2005; to determine age groups at high risk of influenza-caused death and relations between delayed death and influenza morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of official medical statistics according to the form C51 "Distribution of the deceased by age groups and causes of death" and form N 2 "Information about infectious and parasitic diseases" for 1999-2005 were studied. The search for correlations was performed with non-parametrical statistic methods (Spirmen's rank correlation index). RESULTS: Coefficient of correlation between mortality from all cardiovascular diseases and influenza mortality was 0.7; acute myocardial infarction--0.5; coronary artery disease--0.6; cerebrovascular diseases--0.7; bronchopulmonary pathology--0.7 (p < 0.001). For coronary artery disease a strong correlation was found between influenza morbidity and mortality in age groups 75-79, 80-84 and older; for acute myocardial infarction--75-79 and over 85 years; for cerebrovascular diseases--70-74, 80-84 and over 85 years; for bronchopulmonary diseases--70-74 and 80-84 years; for pneumonia--65-69, 80-84 and over 85 years (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Influenza is a dangerous infection for elderly persons with chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as it strongly correlates with mortality from coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular and bronchopulmonary diseases, pneumonia.