Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Oral Health Factors in Maternal and Child Health: An Interventional and Associative Study from the Network Perspective.

Oral healthcare during pregnancy needs to be part of the assistance routine given to pregnant women by health professionals as a way to encourage self-care and strengthen the general health of the mother and the baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated oral healthcare intervention for pregnant women and to analyze the association of sociodemographic, behavioral, oral health and general maternal and child health factors in prenatal care at usual risk in primary care in a city in the northeast of Brazil, in 2018-2019. A controlled, randomized, single-blinded community trial was conducted. The intervention group (IG) received dental assistance and collective health education actions in conversation circles, while the control group (CG) received the usual assistance. All pregnant women (146 in total, 58 from IG and 88 from CG) that took part in the trial answered a questionnaire and underwent a dental examination at the beginning of prenatal care and at the puerperal visit. To assess the effect of the intervention, a network analysis was used. The results have shown that being in the control group was associated with neonatal complications (0.89) and prematurity (0.54); the use of tobacco and alcohol are associated with high risk in initial and final oral health; lower educational level of the pregnant women implicates high risk for initial oral health (-0.19), final oral health (-0.26), pregnancy complications (-0.13), low birth weight (-0.23), prematurity (-0.19) and complications in the newborn (-0.14). Having a low family income (≤261.36 USD) has shown a high risk for initial oral health (-0.14), final oral health (-0.20) and prematurity (-0.15). The intervention based on integrated oral healthcare for pregnant women indicated that socioeconomic and behavioral factors must be considered as determinants for the quality of women and children's health and that multi-professional performance during prenatal care contributes to the positive outcomes of pregnancy.

Insegurança alimentar em agricultores: violação do direito humano à alimentação adequada / Food insecurity in farmers: violation of the human right to adequate food

Resumo Introdução No Brasil, vislumbraram-se avanços significativos nas políticas de alimentação e nutrição. Apesar disso, o país apresenta milhões de pessoas em condições de Insegurança Alimentar (IA), com reconhecida dificuldade de acesso à alimentação adequada. Objetivo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre insegurança alimentar com o perfil antropométrico e socioeconômico de agricultores dos municípios da região centro-sul do Ceará. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal que utilizou um questionário socioeconômico e a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) para avaliar a situação de IA e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) para avaliação do estado nutricional. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado foram utilizados, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados Participaram desta pesquisa 86 agricultores, destes 39,5% em condições de IA e 41% com sobrepeso. Foi identificada associação entre a situação de IA em famílias com o maior número de indivíduos (p < 0,05), a presença de menores de 18 anos (p < 0,05) e menor renda per capita (p = 0,001). Conclusão Podemos concluir que a IA esteve associada fortemente à aglomeração domiciliar e renda entre famílias de agricultores. Assim, as políticas públicas voltadas à saúde dos agricultores devem considerar a vulnerabilidade das famílias de baixa renda e com crianças e jovens na sua composição, possibilitando acesso à alimentação adequada.

Abstract Background In Brazil, it has been envisioned significant advances in food and nutrition policies. Despite this, the country has millions of people under conditions of Food Insecurity (FI), with recognized difficulties of access to adequate food. Objective This research aimed to investigate the association between FI with anthropometric and socioeconomic statusof farmers of the municipalities in the Middle-South region of Ceará. Method It is a cross-sectional study that used a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to assess the situation of FI and the Body Mass Index (BMI) for assessing the nutritional status. The tests of Mann-Whitney and Chi-square were used, considering a significant p-value (p<0.05). Results 86 farmers participated in this research, including 39.5% of those who wereFI and 41% overweight. The association was identified between the situation of FI in families with the greatest number of individuals (p<0.05), the presence of individuals aged under18 years (p<0.05) and lower per capita income (p=0.001). Conclusion It could be conclude that the FI was strongly associated to household crowding and income among farmers' families Thus, the public policies directed to the farmers' health should consider the vulnerability of low-income families and families with children as well as young people in their composition, enabling access to adequate food.

When basic supplies are missing, what to do? Specific demands of the local street population in times of coronavirus - a concern of social psychiatry.

BACKGROUND: Homeless experts and some federal housing officials are sounding the alarm that the patchwork of government efforts to address the coronavirus outbreak risks leaving out one group of acutely vulnerable people: the homeless. In terms of isolation, it is too unclear what that looks like if you normally sleep on the streets. In this tough moment, when people should be turned away, not only it feels inhumane, but it is also a big public health risk, because where are they going to go? METHOD: The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation RESULTS: With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside already have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020). These people face lack of sleep, malnutrition, and "extreme stress levels just to meet their daily needs", all of which weakens the immune system. Along with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, they are "incredibly vulnerable to this virus". CONCLUSIONS: Health organizations are well aware of the risks involved in mental health. A large population of homeless people experience their pain and psychological distress intermittently. For low-income patients, the various borderline situations related to health/illness involve growing expectations regarding the basic needs. This is a serious concern when linked to the pandemic.